Cinachyrella strongylophora, Fernandez & Rodriguez & Santos & Pinheiro & Muricy, 2018

Fernandez, Julio C. C., Rodriguez, Pablo R. D., Santos, George G., Pinheiro, Ulisses & Muricy, Guilherme, 2018, Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters, Zootaxa 4429 (1), pp. 53-88 : 65-69

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.1.2

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:588CFF51-01DF-4C1C-86D9-D13031F5045B

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5969272

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B37682E-665B-820B-4DCD-1C80FEEDFB93

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Cinachyrella strongylophora
status

sp. nov.

Cinachyrella strongylophora View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figs. 8–10 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 , Tab. 2)

Diagnosis. The only species of Cinachyrella with true strongyles.

Synonyms. Cinachyrella aff. kuekenthali, Muricy et al. 2006: 115 ; Hajdu & Lopes 2007: 354; Muricy et al. 2011: 187 (in part, only specimens from Almirante Saldanha Seamount).

Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Muricy et al. 2006: 115 View in CoL ; Hajdu & Lopes 2007: 354; Muricy et al. 2011: 169 (in part, only specimens from Almirante Saldanha Seamount).

Material examined. Holotype MNRJ 6015 View Materials , REVIZEE Programme sta. Central 6-Y2 , Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil (22°22’56” S, 37°35’15” W, Almirante Saldanha Seamount , circa 358 km E off Cabo de São Tomé), dredging, 270 m depth, coll. N.Oc. Astro-Garoupa team, 12 June 2002. Paratypes MNRJ 6598 View Materials , 11976 View Materials , 11978 View Materials , 20959 View Materials , 20960 View Materials , same collection data as holotype GoogleMaps .

Description. Globular sponge ( Figs. 8A–G View FIGURE 8 ); holotype 35 mm high by 25 mm in diameter; largest paratype, 34 mm high by 33 mm in diameter; smallest paratype, 2 mm high by 1.4 mm in diameter. Surface smooth to slightly hispid, with some calcareous debris. Porocalices small (0.5–5.0 mm in diameter), hemispherical and scattered on the surface. Color orange in vivo, and light beige or brown in ethanol. Consistency very hard and incompressible.

Skeleton. Radial, with main bundles of oxeas I and II reinforced by protriaenes and anatriaenes; radiate tracts from the center to the surface ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 ); ectosome does not differentiated in a cortex. Oxeas I and triaenes frequently pierce the surface, reaching up to 500 µm in height. Strongyles in tracts or scattered in the ectosome and choanosome ( Figs. 9B–C View FIGURE 9 ). Microacanthoxeas, sigmaspires and spherules scattered throughout the choanosome and ectosome. Detritus (sand grains and calcareous debris) adhered to the surface and in choanosome.

Spicules. Megascleres ( Tab. 2):

Oxeas I ( Figs. 10A–B View FIGURE 10 ), abundant, stout, fusiform, straight to slightly curved and smooth. Extremities, equal, with telescopic, mucronate, hastate or conical tips (malformations common): 1430–2535 –3375/15–32–55 µm.

Oxeas II ( Figs. 10C–D View FIGURE 10 ), less abundant, smaller and thinner than oxeas I, fusiform, straight to slightly curved, and smooth. Extremities, equal and with hastate tips: 920– 1370–2025 / 5–10–15 µm.

Strongyles ( Figs. 10E–F View FIGURE 10 ), less abundant than the oxeas I and II, curved or slightly flexuous and smooth.

Extremities, equal, blunt: 280–385–525/ 5–10–15 µm. Protriaenes ( Figs. 10G–H View FIGURE 10 ), common, often modified to prodiaenes (more frequently) or promonaenes (less frequently). Rhabdome, thin and flexuous: 1250–2400–4420/2.5–4.5–8 µm. Cladome, small and with short sinuous clads: 10–22–25 /2.5–4–7 µm.

Anatriaenes ( Figs. 10I –J View FIGURE 10 ), common, often modified to anamonaenes or irregular forms. Rhabdome, slender: 1300–3470–3950/3–5–8 µm. Cladome, small, with thin clads making an angle of approximately 60º with the rhabdome: 8–22–30 /3–4–5 µm.

Microscleres ( Tab. 2):

Microacanthoxeas ( Figs. 10K–L View FIGURE 10 ), abundant, thin, straight, flexuous or angulate, and entirely microspined (many small spines); extremities, gradually pointed and with hastate or acerate tips: 55–83–115/1–2–3.5 µm.

Sigmaspires ( Fig. 10M View FIGURE 10 ), abundant, thin, ‘s’ or ‘c’ shaped and entirely microspined (many small spines): 10– 15–23 /up to 1.5 µm.

Calcareous spherules ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ), abundant, small and irregular: 22–30 µm in diameter.

Ecology and bathymetric distribution. No macrosymbionts were observed. The specimens were collected on soft bottom with rhodolith beds, at 270 m depth.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality, the Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil, SW Atlantic ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).

Etymology. The name ‘strongylophora’ refers to the presence of strongyles, which is characteristic of the new species.

Remarks. Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov. is the third Atlantic species of Cinachyrella with microacanthoxeas. It differs from Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov. and Cinachyrella kuekenthali in the possession of true strongyles, which are unique among members of Cinachyrella as well as Tetillidae . These spicules were previously considered to be simply modifications of oxeas, leading to the erroneous identification of the specimens from Almirante Saldanha Seamount as Cinachyrella kuekenthali and Cinachyrella aff. kuekenthali, ( Muricy et al. 2006) . Our revision has shown, however, that the strongyles consistently form a distinct category of spicules, which is characteristic of this species.

Calcareous spherules and nodules have been previously reported in other tetillids: Cinachyrella alloclada , C. arenosa van Soest & Stentoft 1988 ( Rützler & Smith 1992), and Levantiniella levantinensis ( Vacelet, Bitar, Carteron, Zibrowius & Pérez 2007) . However, their taxonomic value within the Tetillidae still needs to be evaluated.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Porifera

Class

Demospongiae

Order

Tetractinellida

Family

Tetillidae

Genus

Cinachyrella

Loc

Cinachyrella strongylophora

Fernandez, Julio C. C., Rodriguez, Pablo R. D., Santos, George G., Pinheiro, Ulisses & Muricy, Guilherme 2018
2018
Loc

Cinachyrella kuekenthali

Muricy et al. 2006 : 115
Muricy et al. 2011 : 169
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