Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858

Sorger, D. M. & Zettel, H., 2011, On the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Philippine Islands: V. The genus Odontomachus Latreille, 1804., Myrmecological News 14, pp. 141-163 : 149-151

Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858 (Figs. 1 - 3, 9, 15, 27 - 32, 46)

Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858: 81 (description of worker, Philippines); Viehmeyer 1916: 284 (distribution: Los Baños); Brown 1976: 104 (taxonomy, key).

Odontomachus infandus infandus : Baltazar 1966: 239 (catalogue).

Odontomachus infandus r. striaticeps Stitz, 1925: 117 (description of workers, Philippines); Brown 1976: 104 (synonymy with O. infandus ).

Odontomachus infandus striaticeps : Baltazar 1966: 239 (catalogue).

Odontomachus saevissimus (misidentifications; nec saevissimus Smith, 1858): Wheeler 1909: 339 (distribution: Romblon); Wheeler & Chapman 1925: 71 (distribution: Port San Vicente, Cagayan; Romblon); Chapman & Capco 1951: 46 (distribution: Manila); Baltazar 1966: 239 (catalogue).

Type material examined: Lectotype of O. infandus (by present designation, worker, BMNH; Fig. 27) labelled " Phil Isla ", " O. infandus Type. Sm. ", "Syntype" (Fig. 28), head missing, characters and type locality corresponding to original description. Note: A second worker labelled " Phil. Islds ", " infandus F. Smith almost certainly a SYNTYPE" is present at BMNH and might be a paralectotype.

Lectotype of O. striaticeps (by present designation, worker, MNHU; Fig. 29) labelled "Manila. Escholtz.", " Odontomach. infandus Sm. striaticeps Stz. ", "7156", "Type", "GBIF-D FoCol 1062 specimen + label data documented", " LECTOTYPUS Odontomachus infandus r. striaticeps STITZ, 1925 des. Sorger & Zettel 2010", " Odontomachus infandus SMITH, 1858 det. Sorger & Zettel 2010" (Fig. 30) and two paralectotypes of striaticeps (workers, MNHU; pronotum crushed in paralectotype 1, gaster missing in paralectotype 2, labels see Figs. 31 and 32).

Additional material examined (159 workers, 3 gynes: BMNH, CSW, CZW, FMNH, MNHU, NHMW, UPLB, USC): Luzon: without further locality data, leg. V. Rolle, 1 ∑. La Union: Bacnotan, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, on bank of small stream, 24.X.2002, leg. H. Zettel (311), 2 ∑∑. B e n g u e t: Baguio City, 2 km below Camp John Hay, in pine forest, 18.II.1999, leg. S. Schödl (13), 9 ∑∑, leg. H. Zettel (181), 6 ∑∑. N u e v a V i s c a y a: Santa Fe, Villaflor, Consuelo Creek, 600 m, 7.XI.2002, leg. H. Zettel (327), 1 ∑. B a t a a n: Limay, 24.XI.1924, leg. R.C. McGregor, 2 ∑∑. M a n i l a: no further data, coll. G. Mayr, 1 ∑. C a v i t e: Alfonso, Pajo, 7.II.2010, leg. C.V. Pangantihon (P345), 8 ∑∑. B a t a n g a s: Bauan, Santa Maria, 19.V.2004, leg. C. V. Pangantihon (P96), 3 ∑∑. L a g u n a: Los Baños, Mt. Makiling, 7.V. 1977, leg. L. Watrous - Field Museum, 4 ∑∑, 13.-18.XI. 1992, leg. H. Zettel (1), 17 ∑∑, 150 - 500 m, 13.-14.XI. 1993, leg. H. Zettel (21), 4 ∑∑, 500 - 1144 m, 14.XI.1993, leg. H. Zettel (21a), 5 ∑∑, 300 - 500 m, 8.-9.II.1996, leg. H. Zettel (74), 1 ∑, 300 - 600 m, 10.II.1996, leg. H. Zettel (76), 12 ∑∑, ca. 600 m, 11.II.1998, leg. H. Zettel (133a), 6 ∑∑, 400 - 800 m, 27.XI.1999, leg. H. Zettel (211), 1 ∑. Los Baños, Mt. Makiling, Mud Spring, ca. 650 m, 23.-24.I.1999, leg. H. Zettel (167), 8 ∑∑, 13.II.1999, leg. S. Schödl (2), 16 ∑∑, 18.XI.1999, leg. H. Zettel (207), 3 ∑∑. Los Baños, Mt. Makiling, Flat Stones ["Rocks"], 10.II.1998, leg. H. Zettel (132), 1 ∑, 14.II.1999, leg. S. Schödl (4), 4 ∑∑. 14.II. 1999, leg. H. Zettel (175), 1 ∑. Los Baños, 1.X., leg. Williams, coll. Donisthorpe, B.M.1934-4, 1 ∑, 500 ft (= ca. 150 m a.s.l.), 31.V.1947, leg. F.G. Werner, 1 ∑, 13.XI.1992, leg. H. Zettel (3), 1 ∑. Mt. Banahaw, above Kinabuhayan village, trail to Crystallino, 600 - 700 m, 24.XI.1995, leg. J. Kodada & B. Rigová, 1 ∑. Mt. Banahaw, above Kinabuhayan village, floor litter in degraded rain forest, 800 m, 25.XI.1995, leg. J. Kodada & B. Rigová, 1 ∑. Q u e z o n: near Lucena City, "Site", Botanical Garden, 11.II.1996, leg. H. Zettel (78), 1 ♀. Quezon National Park at Atimonan, near Old Zigzag Road, 12.-13.II.1996, leg. H. Zettel (79a), 7 ∑∑, 24.-30.III.1998, leg. H. Zettel (165), 8 ∑∑, 2 ♀♀, 16. III.1999, leg. H. Zettel (202), 2 ∑∑, 27.-28.I.2002, leg. H. Zettel (300), 2 ∑∑. Dolores, Santa Lucia Falls, 16.IV.2005, leg. C. V. Pangantihon (P153), 3 ∑∑. C a m a r i n e s S u r: ca. 20 km E Naga, 5 km E Carolina , slopes of Mt. Isarog, near Malabsay Falls, 4.III.1999, leg. H. Zettel (192), 2 ∑∑. A l b a y: ca. 40 km N Legaspi, ca. 1 km W Malilipot, Busai Falls, 23.2.1998, leg. H. Zettel (143), 1 ∑, 22.X.2005, leg. C. V. Pangantihon (P187), 3 ∑∑. Mindoro: Mindoro O r i e n t a l: ca. 10 km W Puerto Galera, Mindoro Beach, 24.XI.1992, leg. H.Zettel (17), 1 ∑. W Puerto Galera, near Aninuan Waterfalls, 27.I.1999, leg. H. Zettel (168), 1 ∑. Mindoro Beach, 24.XI.1992, leg. H.Zettel (17), 1 ∑. 28 km S Calapan, Balete, 100 - 700 m, 27.-29.XI.1992, leg. M.A. Jäch (19), 4 ∑∑, leg. H.Zettel (18), 1 ∑. "Philippines": without further locality information: "Philippinen", coll. G. Mayr, 1 ∑. "Philippinen", 1890, coll. Schadenberg, coll. G. Mayr, 1 ∑.

Description of worker: Measurements of lectotype of O. infandus (Note: Head missing): PnW 1.48, PtH 1.37, PtL 0.82, PtW 0.55.

Measurements of lectotype of O. striaticeps : CI 70, HL 3.20, HW 2.25, MdI 58, MdL 1.85, MsL (not visible), PnW 1.40, PtH 1.30, PtL 1.50, PtW 0.55, SI 140, SL 3.15, TL 16.57.

Measurements of paralectotype 1 of O. striaticeps : CI 70, HL 3.15, HW 2.20, MdI 57, MdL 1.80, MsL 4.55, PnW 1.38, PtH 1.22, PtL 1.47, PtW 0.53, SI 143, SL 3.15, TL 16.43. Measurements of paralectotype 2 of O. striaticeps (Note: Gaster missing.): CI 70, HL 3.28, HW 2.30, MdI 55, MdL 1.80, MsL 4.60, PnW 1.53, PtH 1.37, PtL 1.50, PtW 0.57, SI 142, SL 3.28.

Measurements: worker with smallest HW: CI 68, HL 2.68, HW 1.82, MdI 58, MdL 1.57, MsL 3.80, PnW 1.10, PtH 1.17, PtL 1.18, PtW 0.42, SI 152, SL 2.77, TL 12.00; worker with largest HW: CI 73, HL 3.47, HW 2.53, MdI 52, MdL 1.82, MsL 4.87, PnW 1.52, PtH 1.45, PtL 1.60, PtW 0.59, SI 138, SL 3.50, TL 16.31.

Structures: Head striate, striation reaching occipital margin. Pronotum with longitudinally (oval) oriented striation; loops and closed circles may occur in dorsal view. Mesopleuron with fine transverse striation. Short petiolar spine, S-shaped, tilted backwards (how strong differs considerably; usually, the spine is less developed and less curved in smaller workers).

Pilosity: Pubescence dense, short.

Colour: Generally a dark coloured species, but regional variations do occur (see Notes below). Head usually somewhat lighter than mesosoma.

Description of gyne: Measurements: gyne with smallest HW: CI 75, HL 3.33, HW 2.50, MdI 56, MdL 1.87, MsL 4.73, SI 129, SL 3.22, PnW 1.78, PtH 1.58, PtL 1.62, PtW 0.71, TL 15.50; gyne with largest HW: CI 75, HL 3.37, HW 2.53, MdI 58, MdL 1.97, MsL 4.87, PnW 1.82, PtH 1.66, PtL 1.66, PtW 0.74, SI 129, SL 3.27, TL 16.13.

Compared with worker, striation of mesopleuron reduced, medially either faded or even with small smooth area.

Colour: Head, mesonotum, scutellum, and metanotum variable, medium to light brown, contrasting with other, dark brown body parts. Mesopleuron, petiole, and gaster slightly lighter.

Distribution (Fig. 46): Endemic to the Philippines; widely distributed from northern to southern Luzon and also recorded from eastern Mindoro.

Habitats: Odontomachus infandus inhabits a wide range of forest habitats, from lowland dipterocarp forests to secondary pine forests at high elevations. It was also found in relatively small forest patches, but never in open land. Humidity and shade at nest sites are likely its main requirements.

Notes: The lectotype of Odontomachus infandus at BMNH is in poor condition (Fig. 27) but agrees well with the current interpretation of this taxon. The types of O. striaticeps have identical character expression (Fig. 29), and the synonymy with O. infandus is confirmed. After reexamination of the type of Odontomachus papuanus r. philippinus , its synonymy with O. infandus cannot be confirmed and it is here treated as a valid species (see below).

The following characteristics distinguish O. infandus from other species from Luzon, O. banksi and O. schoedli sp.n.: dorsum of head fully (or almost fully) striate; striation of pronotum predominantly longitudinal, apical of petiolar spine distinctly curved backwards; pilosity of head and mesosoma sparse. See also comparative notes for O. banksi , O. schoedli sp.n. and O. sp. 1 from Camarines.

Odontomachus infandus has a wide distribution on Luzon and Mindoro, and expresses some variation in colour. We have studied a large series from Laguna (Mt. Makiling at Los Baños) which represents the most typical form of this species. Its mesosoma, petiole, and gaster are dark to blackish brown; the head is lighter, usually medium-brown. Other material from Central Luzon (provinces of Cavite and Batangas) agrees well with the Laguna form (the Cavite specimens being slightly more blackish); the same is true for specimens from nearby Mindoro Island. From northern Luzon we have only seen a few specimens which show a rather strong variability in colour. Southward, the material is also heterogeneous. A series from Quezon Province agrees very well with the typical form except that it has a lighter (brownish orange) head. However, the southernmost population (from Albay) is, again, very close to the typical form from Central Luzon.