Bundoksia longissima Li & Che, 2022

Li, Yong, Luo, Xinxing, Zhang, Jiawei, Wang, Zongqing & Che, Yanli, 2022, A new species of Bundoksia Lucanas, 2021 with comments on its subfamilial placement, based on morphological and molecular data, ZooKeys 1085, pp. 145-163 : 145

Bundoksia longissima Li & Che sp. nov.

Figs 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Type materials

(all deposited in SWU). Holotype. China • Hainan: male, Mingfenggu, Mt Jianfengling, Ledong County, 26.IV.2015, Lu Qiu & Qikun Bai leg.; SWU-B-BL0201001. Paratypes. China • Hainan: 9 males and 1 female, Mingfenggu, Mt Jianfengling, Ledong County, 26.IV.2015, Lu Qiu & Qikun Bai leg; SWU-B-BL0201001 to 0201010 • 1 male and 1 female, Mt Wuzhi, Wuzhishan City, 795 m alt., 18.V.2014, Shunhua Gui leg; SWU-B-BL0201101 to 0201102. China • Guangxi: 1 male, Mt Dayao, Jinxiu County, 15.VI.1974, Ping Lin & Yuliang Jia & Yaoquan Li leg; SWU-B-BL0201301 • 1 female, Mt Dayao, Jinxiu County, 7.VII.2015, Lu Qiu & Qikun Bai leg; SWU-B-BL0201201 • 1 female, Jinxiu County, 16-17.VII.2015, Lu Qiu & Qikun Bai leg; SWU-B-BL0201202. China • Yunnan: 1 male and 1 female, Mt Dawei, Pingbian County, 15-17.V.2016, Lu Oiu & Zhiwei Oiu leg; SWU-B-BL0201401, SWU-B-BL0201403 • 1 male, Jinping County, 14-16.V.2015, Jianyue Qiu leg; SWU-B-BL0201501 • 1 male, Meizi Lake, Pu’er City, 30.IV.2014, collector unknown; SWU-B-BL0201602 • 1 male, Meizi Lake, Pu’er City, 20. V. 2018, Lu Oiu & Zhiwei Oiu leg; SWU-B-BL0201601 • 1 male, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, 27.V.2016, Lu Oiu & Zhiwei Oiu leg; SWU-B-BL0201701 • 1 male, Wangtianshu, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, 24.V.2016, Lu Oiu & Zhiwei Oiu leg; SWU-B-BL0201801.

Other material examined

(all deposited in SWU). China • Guangdong: 1 female, Nanling National Nature Reserve , 18.VIII.2010, Haoyu Liu leg. China • Guangxi: 1 female, Mt Mao’er, Xingan County, Guilin City , 20.VIII.2020, Lu Oiu leg ; 1 nymph, Mt Daming, Nanning City , 2.VII.2015, Lu Qiu & Qikun Bai leg ; China • Yunnan: 3 nymphs, Mt Dawei , Pingbian County, 17.V.2016, Lu Oiu & Zhiwei Oiu leg.

Diagnosis.

Bundoksia longissima sp. nov., differs from the two known species, B. rufocercata (Shelford, 1911) and B. sibuyania Lucañas, 2021 by the following characteristics: 1) pronotum: with slightly thickened lateral margin; 2) mid- and hind- femur with only distal spines on ventral margin; 3) the first abdominal tergite unspecialised. In addition, Bundoksia longissima sp. nov. can be distinguished from B. rufocercata as follows: pronotum black and female tegmina triangular in the former, whereas pronotum with yellow orange marking and female tegmina quadrate in B. rufocercata .

Measurements

(mm). Male. Body length including tegmen: 22.6-26.4; body length: 17.0-19.4; pronotum length × width: 3.8-5.0 × 5.0-5.9; interantennal distance: 1.25-1.39; interocular distance: 0.81-1.08; head length × width: 2.95-3.35 × 2.91-3.22; tegmina length: 18.9-23.4; approximate length ratio of 3rd-5th segments of maxillary palps about 1:0.75:1. Female. Body length: 18.8-21.6; pronotum length × width: 4.5-5.0 × 6.6-7.4; interantennal distance: 1.62-1.83; interocular distance: 1.55-1.84; head length × width: 3.84-4.49 × 0.80-1.05; tegmina length: 4.42-5.74; approximate length ratio of 3rd-5th segments of maxillary palps about 1:0.75:1.

Description.

Male. Colouration. Body unicoloured dark reddish-brown to blackish-brown, except the following portions: ocelli white; clypeus light brown or yellowish-brown; antennae yellowish-brown, basal and distal portion darker, apex distinctly light coloured; wings with anal area transparent, the remaining part yellowish-brown; tibiae and tarsi slightly light coloured (reddish-brown), except the joints; cerci yellowish, apex segment black, with white tip (Fig. 2A-B ).

Body slender, flattened. Head. Vertex unconcealed by pronotum, smooth, slightly punctured. Interocular space wide, as wide as the distance between ocelli, narrower than the distance between antennal sockets. Ocelli oval (Fig. 2D ). Thorax. Pronotum nearly subelliptical, wider than long. Surface smooth, disc with unequal-sized punctures. The border of pronotum thickening, anterior margin slightly elevated, lateral margins rounded, hind margin slightly arched (Fig. 2C ). Tegmina and wings. Tegmina fully developed, extending well beyond the end of abdomen. Outer margins of tegmina straight, apex of tegmen rounded. Tegmen with ScP slightly curved; R ended at the margin about 1/3 from the apex; M and Cu with numerous branches (Fig. 2E ). Wings with ScP slightly vague; M with a dichotomy in base, pseudostem distinct; CuA simple and linear or lattice-like; CuP simple and obvious (Fig. 2F, G ). Legs. Front femur type A2 (ending with a large, curved spine and a smaller spine, hind margin of front femur with a row of rough, distant spaced spins) (Fig. 2H ); tibia flattened with sparse spines; tarsus with large tarsal pulvillus. Mid- and hind femur with only distal spines on ventral margin. Hind metatarsus obviously longer than the remaining tarsomeres combined (Fig. 2I ). Claws symmetrical and unspecialised, arolium large. Abdomen. Supra-anal plate symmetrical, quadrate, with hind angles rounded, hind margin straight, median less sclerotised. Paraprocts similar, hind margin straight, central areas sclerotised. Cerci distinct pubescent ventrally, smooth dorsally, apex truncated, with membrane (Fig. 2J ). Subgenital plate nearly symmetrical, styli similar, distant (Fig. 2K ).

Male genitalia. Left phallomere complex, distal part of L1 enlarged, edge with dense minute sawtooth; L2d base part with two or three rows of serrations, L2v distal part with spines; L3 unciform and apex blunt or slightly acuminate, curved part has an inward spinous protuberance. R1 of right phallomere with one or two spines with the sizes of the two spines varied; R2 expanded, irregular; R3 broad and slightly curved, likely spoon-shaped (Fig. 2L ).

Female (Fig. 3A-M ). Description. Colouration. Body darker than male. (Fig. 3A, B ).

Body thicker than the male. Head. Interocular space wider than the distance between ocelli, narrower than the distance between antennal sockets (Fig. 3D ). Thorax. Pronotum nearly trapezoidal, punctuated, hind angles rounded, posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 3C ). Tegmina and wings. Tegmina reduced, only reaching hind margin of first abdominal tergite; triangular, thickened, angles rounded (Fig. 3E ); wings small lobed (Fig. 3F ). Legs. Femur and tibia stronger than male. Abdomen. Hind margin of tergum X (TX) blunt. Paraprocts (pp.) wide and symmetrical, with the gap between pp. narrow. Subgenital plate divided at the end, the middle with distinct intersternal fold (inst.f.) (Fig. 3G ). Genitalia. The base of first valve (v.I.) (Fig. 3I ) more sclerotised and fused with first valvifer (vlf.I), vlf.I short. Laterosternite IX (ltst.IX) large and sheet-like, with outer margin hyaline, fused with paratergites (pt.). Second valve (v.II) small, slender, the base fused, connecting to third valve (v.III) by membrane (Fig. 3J ). Posterior lobes of valvifer II (p.l.) sclerotised, cricoid, distal uneven and fused with ltst.IX. Third valve (v.III) large, the base sclerite convex, highly sclerotised (Fig. 3K ). Anterior arch (a.a.) hip-shaped, the base deeply concave, with dense spines. Spermathecal plate (sp.pl.) slightly sclerotised, fused with basivalvula (bsv.). Spermathecal opening (sp.o.) located at the base of sp.pl., with small sclerites on two sides and highly sclerotised. Spermatheca (sp.) with two branches near the base and one branch with a rod-shaped enlargement distally (Fig. 3L ). Basivalvulae (bsv.) developed and divided into two parts, with bristle-shaped spins (Fig. 3M ). Laterosternal shelf (ltst.sh.) developed and symmetrical, extending backwards. Vestibular sclerite (vst.s.) unclear in outline; the base with a transverse sclerotised plate.

Nymph. Wingless, with light body colour and thin body size, compared to females. Other characteristics are similar to females (Fig. 4E ).

Etymology.

The scientific epithet is derived from the Latin word longissimus, referring to the long and narrow body.

Ecology.

According to our collecting information, Bundoksia longissima is active at night to forage and mate. It is distributed mainly on tree trunks, a few on leaves (Fig. 4 ). Once frightened, the female will emit an acidic liquid (lemon smell), whose specific components have not been analysed.

Remarks.

Samples from Yunnan show a range of slight morphological differences (mainly male genitalia) compared with Hainan and Guangxi: 1) the samples from Hainan and Guangxi with L2d base part with two-rows of serration (Fig. 5A ), but the one from Yunnan with L2d base part with three-rows of serration (Fig. 5B ); 2) the samples from Hainan and Guangxi with L3 unciform and apex blunt (Fig. 5C ), but the Yunnan specimens with L3 unciform and apex slightly acuminate (Fig. 5D ); 3) the samples from Hainan and Guangxi with R1 apically unforked (Fig. 5E ), but three samples from Yunnan with R1 apically forked (Fig. 5 F-H ). On the other hand, only the right hind-wing of the holotype was found as CuA with lattice-like, angular cross-veins, while the left hind-wing of the holotype and hind-wings of the remaining samples were simple and linear. In addition, all female individuals of Bundoksia longissima sp. nov. appear to be highly conserved in terms of external morphology and genital structure (Fig. 3 ). Given this, it is difficult to distinguish them, based only on these slight variations in the shape of the male genitalia, so we temporarily consider them to be intraspecific variations in morphology.

Due to the similarities in the femoral armature, Catara hainanica described by Liu et al. (2017) might belong to Bundoksia or perhaps a closely-related genus. However, Liu et al. (2017) only described a single female nymph, so male adults of C. hainanica should be carefully examined to confirm the above hypothesis in the future.

Known distribution.

China (Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong Province)

Figures

Figure 2. Bundoksia longissima Li & Che, sp. nov. (male) A dorsal view B ventral view C pronotum D head E tegmen F right hind wing G left hind wing H front femur I leg (front, mid, hind) J supra-anal plate K subgenital plate L phallomere; Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A, B, E-G); 2.0 mm (I); 1.0 mm (H, J-L).

Figure 3. Bundoksia longissima Li & Che, sp. nov. (female) A dorsal view B ventral view C pronotum D head E tegmen F hind wing G genitalia, posterior view H valves and accessory sclerites I first valvule (v. I.) J second valvule (v. II.) K third valvule (v. III) and anterior arch L spermatheca (sp.) M basivalvula (bsv.); Scale bars: 10.0 mm (A, B); 1.0 mm (C-I, M); 0.5 mm (K, J, L).

Figure 4. Habitats of Bundoksia longissima Li & Che, sp. nov. A female on tree trunk B male on tree leaf C mating on tree trunk (A-C from Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan) D male on tree trunk (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan) E nymph on the moss-covered ground (Daweishan, Pingbian, Yunnan). Photographed by Lu Qiu.

Figure 5. Variations on the male genitalia of Bundoksia longissima Li & Che, sp. nov. A-B L 2 d of left phallomere (A Hainan B Yunnan) C-D L 3 of left phallomere (C Hainan D Yunnan) E-H R 1 of right phallomere (E Hainan F-H Yunnan). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 1.0 mm (E-H).