Paussinae Larvae

Moore, Wendy & Giulio, Andrea Di, 2006, Description and behaviour of Goniotropis kuntzeni larvae (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae: Ozaenini) and a key to genera of Paussinae larvae, Zootaxa 1111 (1), pp. 1-19 : 15-16

Key to the Genera of Paussinae Larvae

Names of species with described larvae are provided in brackets following each genus. An illustrated version of this key is available online on the Paussinae pages of the Tree of Life Web Project (http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=3430).

1. Abdomen linear, with segments VIII–IX not modified; segment IX with pair of tubular urogomphi (rarely reduced or absent) .................................................... most Carabidae

­ Abdomen upcurved, with segments VIII–IX (mostly epipleurites and tergites) highly modified, transformed into a transverse sclerotized terminal disk composed of flat plates; segment IX with pair of branched or plate­like urogomphi.........( Paussinae )…2

2. Head hyperprognathous (bent upwards); neck constricted; coronal suture present; sensorial appendage on antennomere III small and conical; mandibles long and slender, sickle­shaped; urogomphi multi­lobed; tarsi with 2 claws; pygidium between urogomphi near the middle of the terminal disk ................................( Metriini , Ozaenini )…3

­ Head prognathous; neck not constricted; coronal suture absent; sensorial appendage on antennomere III large, bulbous or conical; mandibles short and broad, subtriangular; urogomphi flattened, plate­like, not lobate; tarsi with 1 claw; pygidium ventral to urogomphi and terminal disk…( Paussini ) .................................................................... 8

3. Anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale with four small subequal teeth just behind the anterior margin of frontal sclerite; stipes of maxillae without a basal tooth; urogomphi with 5 lobes, lobe A short, lobe D at the common base of lobes B­C, lobe E undivided ........................................................... Metrius Eschscholtz [ M. contractus Eschscholtz ]

­ Anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale not toothed, instead smooth transverse keel present anteriorly on frontal sclerite; stipes of maxillae with an acute basal tooth at inner side; urogomphi with 6 or more lobes, lobe A elongate; lobe D at the base of lobe E; lobe E subapically divided into E 1 and E 2 lobes .......................... ( Ozaenini )…4

4. Transverse keel well behind anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale; labral tooth wide, slightly rounded anteriorly, clearly visible in dorsal view; prementum tapered from the base to the apex; urogomphi with short, flattened and partially fused lobes, lobes B, D and E 1 pointed at tip; dorsal plates of terminal disk concave with large, protruding sensorial areas near the middle ..................................... Physea Brullé [ P.setosa Chaudoir ]

­ Transverse keel just behind anterior margin of frontoclypeolabrale; labral tooth small, anteriorly truncate, partially covered by the transverse keel in dorsal view; prementum subrectangular or subquadrate, with parallel sides; urogomphi antler­like with long and slender lobes, lobes B, D and E 1 rounded at tip; dorsal plates of terminal disk flat or only slightly convex without protruding sensorial areas .......................................... 5

5. Prementum subrectangular, longer than wide; ligula dome­like, moderately protruding; antennomere IV short and cylindrical; second galeomere conical .......................... ............ Pachyteles Perty [ P. mexicanus Chaudoir , P. vignai Deuve , P. digiulioi Deuve , Pachyteles sp. (van Emden 1942), Pachyteles sp. ( Costa et al. 1988)]

­ Prementum subquadrate or slightly transverse; ligula elongate; antennomere IV long and clavate; second galeomere stick­like, elongate and cylindrical.............................. 6

6. Urogomphi with lobes A and E 2 flattened, truncate and partially two­lobed at apex (according to the drawings of Paulian 1947); lobe B undivided..................................... .................................... Sphaerostylus (Subgenus Afrozaena ) Chaudoir [ S. luteus Hope ]

­ Urogomphi with lobes A and E 2 cylindrical, tapering to the tip and undivided; lobe B divided into B 1 and B 2 lobes…...................................................................................... 7

7. Lacinia slightly longer than galea; dorsal plates of terminal disk subtrapezoidal, distinctly wider at apex than at base, medially adjacent; lateral plates wide and short; lobe A slender, about as long as lobe B; lobe D slender and long .......................................... ................................................................ Itamus Schmidt­Goebel [ I. cavicola (Moore) ]

­ Lacinia shorter than galea; dorsal plates of terminal disk subrectangular, only slightly wider at apex than at base, deeply divided medially; lateral plates elongate and slen­ der; lobe A robust, distinctly shorter than lobe B; lobe D short ..................................... ..................................................................… Goniotropis Gray [ G. kuntzeni Bänninger ]

8. Several setae on dorsal surface of the head, thoracic tergites and of perimeter of terminal disk clavate and riddled (sensilla S­VIII); lacinia present, apically with strong hook­like spines along occlusal margin; antennomere IV with stick­like, apical sensory appendix; mandible without prostheca; leg with articulated trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus; urogomphi with irregularly raised margin ............................................ ............… Arthropterus W.S. MacLeay [ Arthropterus sp. ( Di Giulio and Moore 2004)]

­ Setae on dorsal surface of the head, thoracic tergites and perimeter of terminal disk not clavate; lacinia absent; antennomere IV simple, without stick­like, apical sensory appendix; mandible with digitiform prostheca; leg with fused trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus; urogomphi with regularly rounded margin…. ............................................ 9

9. Prementum narrowing apically; first maxillary palpomere basally articulated with stipes, resulting in a 4­jointed palp; sutures between trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus visible; sensillum S­I with inflated apex; sensilla S­II on margin of terminal disk replaced by long fine setae ............. Platyrhopalopsis Desneux [ P. melleii (Westwood) ]

­ Prementum widening apically; first maxillary palpomere basally fused with stipes, resulting in a 3­jointed palp; trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus completely fused, without suture remnants; sensillum S­I with simple truncate apex; sensilla S­II on margin of terminal disk strong and short, with frayed apex........................................................ Paussus Linnaeus [ P. cultratus (Subgenus Bathypaussus ) Westwood, P. cucullatus (Subgenus Cochliopaussus ) Westwood, P. curtisi (Subgenus Curtisipaussus ) Westwood, P. horni (Subgenus Edaphopaussus ) Wasmann, P. aff. distinguendus (Subgenus Klugipaussus ) Reichensperger, P. afzelii (Subgenus Lineatopaussus ) Westwood, P. kannegieteri (Subgenus Semipaussus ) Westwood, P. cridae (Subgenus Spinicoxipaussus ) Gestro], P. granulatus (Subgenus Granulopaussus ) Westwood