Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann, 1927

Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Zootaxa 3864 (1), pp. 1-67 : 27-29

34. Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann, 1927

Chrysis sp. ignota: Westerlund 1893: 30.

Chrysis succincta ab. westerlundi Hellén 1920: 211 , invalid name. Hellén 1935: 8.

Chrysis succincta ab. nordströmi Hellén 1920: 212, invalid name. Hellén 1935: 8.

Chrysis succincta var. westerlundi Trautmann 1927: 159 . Holotype ♂; Russia: Salmis [= Salmi] (MZH) (examined).

Chrysis succincta var. nordströmi Trautmann 1927: 159 . Lectotype ♀ (here designated); Finland: Pärnå [= Pernaja] (MZH) (examined).

Chrysis succincta f. nordströmi Balthasar 1953: 289, nom. praeocc., nec Trautmann, 1927.

Chrysis succincta f. westerlundi Balthasar 1953: 289 , nom. praeocc., nec Trautmann, 1927.

Chrysis westerlundi Linsenmaier 1959: 113 , nom. praeocc., nec Trautmann, 1927. Silfverberg 1981: 61, Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 478, Paukkunen 2010: 538, Soon & Saarma 2011: 15, Rosa & Soon 2012.

Chrysis bicolor [part.]: Vikberg 1986b: 68, Söderman & Vikberg 2003: 45.

Distribution. Finland, Russian Fennoscandia.—Westpalearctic: the species has not been found outside eastern Fennoscandia.

Remarks. The species has been found from seven localities in Finland and one locality in Russian Fennoscandia (former Finnish territory). From each locality only single specimens have been collected. C. westerlundi has been classified as near threatened in Finland ( Paukkunen 2010).

As explained above (see C. bicolor ), Hellén (1920) described four aberrations (ab.) of C. succincta ( sensu lato), which were later made available as species-group names by Trautmann (1927), who treated them as varieties (var.), and by Balthasar (1953), who treated them as forms (f.). According to Trautmann’s descriptions, which were mainly copied from Hellén’s publication, var. westerlundi is characterized by a uniformly blue green coloured head and thorax, but otherwise resembling the nominate form (“Kopf und Thorax einfarben blaugrün, sonst wie Nominatsform”), while var. nordströmi is characterized by a black blue mesonotum (“ Mesonotum schwarzblau, sonst wie Nominatsform ”). Both of these varieties were stated to be found in Finland only ( Trautmann 1927).

For ab. westerlundi , a single locality was mentioned by Hellén (1920): “ Kol: Salmis (Westerlund)” (= Kl: Salmi, leg. A. Westerlund). Additionally, a reference to Westerlund’s (1893) publication was given, where the expression “ Chrysis sp. ignota ” (‘unknown Chrysis species’) was used for the taxon. According to Westerlund (1893), only a single specimen was collected by him from a sandy road verge in Salmi, Uusikylä in 17.VI.1890. As Hellén’s and Trautmann’s descriptions are based on a single specimen, the holotype of Chrysis succincta var. westerlundi Trautmann, 1927 is fixed by monotypy (ICZN 1999, article 73.1.2.). The holotype is deposited in the collection of MZH. It is a male specimen, which bears the printed labels “Salmis”, “Westerlund” and “745”, and also Hellén’s label “ succincta L ab. westerlundi m. Hellén det.” and Linsenmaier’s label “ Chrysis L. ♂ bicolor Lep. var. westerlundi Hell. Linsenmaier det.” ( Fig. 5 ). A red holotype label is added here by the authors.

Also only a single record of ab. nordströmi was mentioned by Hellén (1920): “ N: Pärnå (Nordström)” (= N: Pernaja, leg. Å. Nordström). As the record could include more than one specimen, it is not possible to fix a holotype by monotypy. In the collection of MZH, a single female specimen was found, which bears the printed labels “Pärnå” and “Nordström” and also Hellén’s label “ succincta ab. nordströmi m. Hellén det.” and Linsenmaier’s label “ Chrysis L. ♂ bicolor Lep. var. westerlundi Hellén Linsenmaier det.” ( Fig. 6 ). This syntype specimen is here designated as the lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. nordstromi Trautmann, 1927 . According to the ICZN (1999, article 32.5.2.1.), the correct spelling of the name is without diacritic marks (see also Hedychrum niemelai ).

Linsenmaier (1959) was the first to consider westerlundi as a full species, “ Chrysis westerlundi Hellén, 1918 / 19”. Later some authors, e.g. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) followed Linsenmaier’s view, but attributed the authorship of the species erroneously to Linsenmaier. The taxon nordstromi was treated as a synonym of C. westerlundi by Linsenmaier (1959) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991, misspelled as nordstroemi). According to the manuscript notes of the late E. Valkeila, westerlundi was treated as a synonym of C. bicolor by Vikberg (1986a), while nordstromi was considered as a synonym of C. helleni (= illigeri ). Vikberg (1986b) attributed the names erroneously to Balthasar (1953).

Recent studies have shown that westerlundi and nordstromi are conspecific, and their types represent the opposite sexes of the same species. The name westerlundi has priority, as it was used as a valid name before nordstromi in Trautmann’s (1927) publication. C. westerlundi is morphologically and genetically distinct from other European species of the C. succincta group. It is easy to distinguish from e.g. C. bicolor and C. illigeri by the colouration of its mesonotum and the length of its hind tarsi. However, the Far Eastern species C. cavaleriei Buysson, 1908 and the North American species C. provancheri Schulz, 1906 (= aurichalcea Provancher, 1881) are closely related and possibly conspecific with C. westerlundi . Additional morphological and genetic studies should be implemented in order to determine their synonymy. So far, C. westerlundi has not been found outside of Finland and Russian Fennoscandia.

Figures

FIGURES 2–5. 2) Holotype of Hedychrum metallicum Dahlbom, 1854 (= Holopyga metallica (Dahlbom, 1854)). 3) Lectotype of Hedychrum cupreum Dahlbom, 1845 (= Hedychridium cupreum (Dahlbom, 1845)). 4) Lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. virideocincta Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis bicolor Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1806). 5) Holotype of Chrysis succincta var. westerlundi Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann, 1927). Scale 1 mm. Photos: Paolo Rosa (3) and Pekka Malinen (2, 4–5).

FIGURES 6–9. 6) Lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. nordstromi Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann, 1927). 7) Lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. chrysoprasina Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis illigeri Wesmael, 1839). 8) Holotype of Chrysis scintillans Valkeila, 1971 (= Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957). 9) Lectotype of Chrysis zetterstedti Dahlbom, 1831. Scale 1 mm. Photos: Pekka Malinen (6–8) and Alexander Berg (9).