Alloperla thalia Ricker, 1952

Baumann, Richard W. & Kondratieff, Boris C., 2008, The Alloperla Severa Complex (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) Of Western North America., Illiesia 4 (6), pp. 66-75 : 71-73

Alloperla thalia Ricker

( Figs. 17 ‐24)

Alloperla thalia Ricker 1952: 178 . Holotype male, INHS, Central Park Bridge to Cameron Bridge ( Gallatin River ), Gallatin Co., Montana, examined.

Material examined. USA: COLORADO: Grand Co., Gore Pass Creek, Hwy 84, SW Kremmling, 26 June 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC). Larimer Co., Sheep Creek, Upper Cherokee Park, 15 July 1991, A. Williams, 1 ♂ ( CSUC). Routt Co., Elk River, Clark, 17 July 1968, B. R. Oblad, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Mad Creek, junction Elk River, Mad Creek, 17 July 1968, B. R. Oblad, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); Service Creek, near junction Yampa River, 30 June 1967, B. R. Oblad, 1 ♂, 10 ♀ ( BYUC); Soda Creek, Steamboat Springs, 16 July 1968, B. R. Oblad, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC); Willow Creek, Hahns Peak, 17 July 1968, B. R. Oblad, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Yampa River, Hwy 131, NW Yampa, 19 June 1961, A. R. Gaufin, 12 ♂, 15 ♀ ( BYUC); Yampa River, Yampa, 27 June 1968, B. R. Oblad, 6 ♂, 10 ♀ ( BYUC). IDAHO: Caribou Co., Tincup Creek, Hwy 34, Tincup Camprgound, 18 July 1986, R.W. Baumann & B.J. Sargent, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). Franklin Co., Cub River, Deer Cliff Inn, 25 June 1955, G.F. Knowlton, 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BYUC). Fremont Co., Big Springs, 8 July 1976, D.N. Marshall, 1 ♂, 13 ♀ ( BYUC); Buffalo River, between Hwy 191 and canyon mouth, 22 June 1976, D.N. Marshall, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). MONTANA: Beaverhead Co., Red Rock Creek, 3 mi. above Upper Red Rock Lake, 29 July 1951, C.J.D. Brown, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). Big Horn Co., Little Big Horn River, 6 mi. W Wyola, 22 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 10 ♂, 16 ♀ ( BYUC). Broadwater Co., Duck Creek, tributary Canyon Ferry Lake, 8 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC). Fergus Co., Spring Creek, 2.2 mi. SE Lewiston, 5 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 8 ♂, 8 ♀ ( BYUC). Gallatin Co., Gallatin River, Central Park Bridge to Cameron Bridge, 17, 18 June 1949, R. Horswell, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, holotype and allotype ( INHS); West Gallatin River, 6 July 1951, R. Hays, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); 27 July 1951, R. Hays, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); 3 Aug. 1951, R. Hays, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Duck Creek, Rt 287, 8 mi. N West Yellowstone, 9 June 1987, B.C. Kondratieff, 1 ♂, 7 ♀ ( CSUC). Golden Valley Co., Swimming Woman Creek, 0.5 mi. SE Judith Gap, 5 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 7 ♂, 8 ♀ ( BYUC). Judith Basin Co., Judith River, 30 mi. SW Hobson, 2 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Martin Creek, 9.5 mi. above Geyser, 7 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 15 ♂, 23 ♀ ( BYUC). Meagher Co., Sheep Creek, 18 mi. above Smith River, 7 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 2 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BYUC); Spring Creek, Hwy 12, near North Fork Musselshell River, NW Martinsdale, 1 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 6 ♂, 6 ♀ ( BYUC). Park Co., Shields River, 6 mi. NE Willsall, 1 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 8 ♂, 21 ♀ ( BYUC). Stillwater Co., Rosebud Creek, S Absarokee, 27 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 2 ♂ ( BYUC); Stillwater River, Rd. 307, near Absarokee, 25 June 1966, J. R. Grierson, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC). Sweet Grass Co., American Creek, 10 mi. above Hwy 191, 30 June 1966, J. R. Grierson, 21 ♂, 11 ♀ ( BYUC); Boulder River, 21 mi. SW Big Timber, 28 June 1966, J. R. Grierson, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC). Wheatland Co., Carless Creek, 17 mi. SE Judith Gap, 5 July 1966, J. R. Grierson, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC). NEVADA: Elko Co., Lamoille Creek, Roads End Picnic Area, 31 July 1996, R.W. Baumann, 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BYUC); Secret Creek, near Secret Pass, 15 June 1974, B.P. Stark, 3 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BPSC). Humboldt Co., Cabin Creek, Santa Rosa Range, 18 June 1977, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); North Fork Little Humboldt River, Santa Rosa Range, 19 June 1977, A.L. Sheldon, 6 ♂, 6 ♀ ( BYUC); 29 June 1999, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC). Nye Co., Cherry Creek, Quinn Range, 21 June 2002, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). White Pine Co., Baker Creek, Baker Creek Campground, 3 Aug. 1968, R.W. Baumann, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Kalamazoo Creek, Schell Creek Range, 26 June 1977, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); McCoy Creek, Schell Creek Range, 26 June 1977, A.L. Sheldon, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); Lehman Creek, Lehman Creek Campground, 3 Aug. 1968, R.W. Baumann, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); Upper Lehman Creek, Great Basin National Park, 1 July 2004, P.A. Opler, 1 ♂ ( CSUC). UTAH: Davis Co., Mill Creek, Mueller Park, 29 June 1965, R.W. Baumann, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC). Duchesne Co., Uinta River, Wandin Campground, 7 Aug. 1975, R.W. Baumann & R.N. Winget, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). Emery Co., Huntington Creek, below Electric Lake Dam site, 12 June 1972, E.C. Devenport & R.N. Winget, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); Upper Huntington Creek, 20 June 1972, E.C. Devenport & R.N. Winget, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC). Salt Lake Co., Butterfield Creek, W Herriman, 11 June 1987, S.A. Wells & C. R. Nelson, 3 ♂, 7 ♀ ( BYUC); Emigration Creek, Pinecrest, 1 July 1966, R.W. Baumann, 3 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BYUC); 20 July 2005, R.W. Baumann & M.H. Goodman, 2 ♂ ( BYUC); Parleys Creek, below Mountain Dell Reservoir, 10 June 1954, A. R. Gaufin, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC). Sanpete Co., Thistle Creek, E Indianola, 26 June 2003, R.W. Baumann & S.M. Clark, 9 ♂, 11 ♀ ( BYUC). Sevier Co., Clear Creek, Hwy 4, off I‐70, 27 June 1998, R.G. Call, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Fremont River, above Mill Meadow Reservoir, 29 June 1989, R.W. Baumann, 4 ♂, 10 ♀ ( BYUC); Seven Mile Creek, above Johnson Valley Reservoir, 29 June 1989, R.W. Baumann, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC). Summit Co., Beaver Creek, Beaver Creek Campground, 30 June 1977, R.W. Baumann & S.M. Clark, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); East Fork, Blacks Fork, 5 Aug. 1975, R.W. Baumann & R.N. Winget, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); West Fork Blacks Fork, 4 Aug. 1975, R.W. Baumann & R.N. Winget, 6 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); 7 July 2005, R.W. Baumann, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC); stream at Lost Lake Campground, Uinta Mountains, 17 July 1978, R.W. Baumann & G.B. Wiggins, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC); North Fork Provo River, Hwy 150, near junction Provo River, 6 July 1959, A. R. Gaufin, 2 ♂ ( BYUC); Provo River, Upper Bridge, Hwy 150, below Trial Lake, 28 July 1947, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Provo River, below Trial Lake, 4 Aug. 1975, R.W. Baumann & R.N. Winget, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Provo River, Hwy 189A, Lemons Grove, below Francis, 14 July 1947, A. R. Gaufin, 2 ♂ ( BYUC); Smith‐ Morehouse Creek, Main Fork Guard Station, 19 July 1961, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Weber River, above Oakley, 5 Aug. 1975, C. Sakamoto, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC). Yellow Pine Creek, 8 mi. E Kamas, 22 July 1974, B.P. Stark & R.W. Clubb, 1 ♂ ( BPSC). Tooele Co., Clover Creek, Hwy 199, W Clover, 16 June 1954, A. R. Gaufin, 10 ♂, 8 ♀ ( BYUC); 24 June 1954, A. R. Gaufin, 22 ♂, 20 ♀ ( BYUC); 14 June 1984, R.W. Baumann, 4 ♂, 8 ♀ ( BYUC); 27 May 1988, S.A. Wells, 4 ♂, 4 ♀ ( BYUC); Settlement Canyon Creek, E Tooele, Oquirrh Mountains, 30 June 1954, A. R. Gaufin, 5 ♂, 7 ♀ ( BYUC); 24 June 1993, S.M. Clark, 4 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC); South Willow Creek, Stansbury Mountains, 4 July 1942, S. & D. Muliak, 3 ♂, 6 ♀ ( BYUC); South Willow Creek, Boy Scout Campground, 11 June 2007, R.W. Baumann & K.B. Anderson, 15 ♂, 9 ♀ ( BYUC); South Willow Creek, Upper Narrows Campground, 4 Aug. 1990, R.W. Baumann & R. Glassford, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); 11 June 2007, R.W. Baumann & K.B. Anderson, 14 ♂, 7 ♀ ( BYUC). Uintah Co., South Fork Ashley Creek, Rd 018, 8 Aug. 1991, D.E. Ruiter, 1 ♂ ( CSUC). Utah Co., Crab Creek, above Thistle, 5 June 1976, R.W. Baumann, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); Wimmer Ranch Creek, below McClellan Lake, 30 May 1981, S.M. Clark, 1 ♂ ( BYUC). Wasatch Co., Deer Creek, above Cascade Springs, 15 June 1988, B.C. Kondratieff & R.F. Kirchner, 5 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC & CSUC); Trout Creek, above Strawberry Reservoir, 24 July 1965, D.C. Hales, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); 16 June 1966, D.C. Hales, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Provo River, Hwy 189, Deer Creek Park, 9 July 1959, A. R. Gaufin, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC); Provo River, Hwy 150, Soapstone Ranger Station, 6 July 1959, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂ ( BYUC); Provo River, Stewarts Ranch, below junction South Fork, 7 July 1959, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC); Upper South Fork, Provo River, above junction Provo River, 7 July 1959, A. R. Gaufin, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC). Washington Co., Leeds Creek, Leeds Canyon, 16 June 1978, W.J. Hanson & G. F. Knowlton, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( BYUC); headwaters, Santa Clara River, South Juniper Campground, 14 July 2005, R.W. & C.W. Baumann, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC). WYOMING: Fremont Co., Dry Creek, Hwy 26, Burris, 20 July 1967, R.W. Baumann, 2 ♂, 6 ♀ ( BYUC); Little Wind River, Hwy 287, Fort Washakie, 20 July 1967, R.W. Baumann, 9 ♂, 13 ♀ ( BYUC). Lincoln Co., La Barge Creek, Hwy 189, S La Barge, 18 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 5 ♀ ( BYUC). Park Co., Yellowstone River, Fishing Bridge, Yellowstone National Park, 25 July 1955, A. R. Gaufin, 10 ♂, 103 ♀ ( BYUC); Yellowstone River, Cascade Picnic Area, 30 July 1986, M. Viroda, 1 ♂ ( CSUC). Sublette Co., Green River, Hwy 189, N Daniel, 18 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 14 ♂, 21 ♀ ( BYUC); 19 July 1972, B.P. Stark, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Green River, Hwy 189, NW Daniel Junction, 19 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); Horse Creek, Hwy 189, Daniel, 18 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( BYUC); South Piney Creek, Hwy 189, Big Piney, 18 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 12 ♂, 10 ♀ ( BYUC); Willow Creek, NE Cora, 18 July 1962, A. R. Gaufin, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( BYUC); Green River, Rt 354, near Daniel, 1 June 1987, B.C. Kondratieff, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( CSUC).

Male. Macropterous. Forewing length 7‐8 mm. General color, lime green in life, white in alcohol. Head and pronotum without black markings. Dorsal aspect of epiproct elongate but short, subparallel, slightly inflated at base, apex evenly rounded, with fringe of shallow crenulations ( Figs.17, 18, 21 ); dorsal surface bare in apical 1/3 ( Figs. 17, 18, 21 ), clothed with dense appressed setae in basal 2/3 ( Figs. 17‐23 ); hood‐ like in lateral view, apex not extending below plane of the ventral surface ( Figs. 19, 20, 22, 23 ). Stem clothed with fine setae ( Figs. 17, 19, 21, 23 ).

Female. Length of wings 10‐11 mm. Coloration and markings similar to male. Subgenital plate general outline triangular, margin usually reaching to center or beyond sternum 9 (Fig. 24).

Diagnosis. Males of A. thalia can be distinguished from A. severa by the shorter epiproct, with the bare portion 1/3 of the length of the epiproct ( Figs. 17, 18, 21 ), and in lateral view, hood‐ like to helmet‐ like apically, the apex not extending below the plane of the ventral surface ( Figs. 19, 20, 22, 23 ).

Remarks. Ricker (1952) in his original description of A. thalia compared it with A. neglecta Frison , a southern Appalachian species, but not with either A. elevata or A. severa , apparently because the two Montana males had an epiproct with lateral margins “straight‐ sided” ( Ricker 1954). Previously, A. thalia was identified as A. severa ( Baumann et al. 1977, Kondratieff & Baumann 2002). However, the details of the A. severa epiproct were unavailable until Lyon & Stark (1997) provided excellent figures. These SEM photographs indicated to the authors that more than one taxon was present in western North America.

Distribution. The northern North American representative of this complex is A. severa . It occurs in Alaska from Mount McKinley west to the Aleutian Islands and south to the Canadian border ( Stewart & Oswood 2006). Sporadic records exist from throughout northwestern Canada, with most collections from the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In the continental United States, A. severa occurs abundantly in the streams of Glacier National Park and northwestern Montana. It occurs in northern Idaho, but no confirmed records are available from Washington. Alloperla elevata is found in the Pacific Northwest from southern British Columbia to northern California. It occurs in rivers and large creeks that drain to the Pacific Ocean.

The more southern representative of the complex is A. thalia . Records exist from southern Idaho, southcentral Montana, and Wyoming. Additionally, disjunct populations occur in Colorado, Utah, and Nevada.

Alloperla pilosa Needham & Claassen 1925 , which Lyon and Stark (1997) included in a similar appearing species pair with A. severa , is indeed similar, but lacks the fringe of shallow crenulations that rings the sclerotized apex of the epiproct in A thalia , A. elevata , and A. severa . However, A. pilosa only occurs in the southern Rocky Mountains, so its distribution just overlaps with A. thalia . It is most common in Colorado ( Kondratieff & Baumann 2002), but a record exists from New Mexico ( Jacobi et al. 2005). Single Alloperla females have been collected from two widely separated localities in Arizona, that could represent A. pilosa or A. thalia .

Figures

Figs. 17‐23. Scanning electron micrographs of the epiproct of Alloperla thalia. 17‐20. Thistle Creek near, Indianola, Utah. 17. dorsal aspect, 18. apex, dorsal aspect, 19. lateral aspect, 20. apex, lateral aspect. 21‐22. Crab Creek near Thistle, Utah. 21. dorsal aspect, 22. oblique aspect, 23. West Fork Blacks Fork, Utah. 23. lateral aspect, 24. Emigration Creek, Pinecrest, Utah. female subgenital plate, ventral.