Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)

Winterscheid, Heinrich, 2020, Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene, Phytotaxa 428 (2), pp. 113-121 : 116-118

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.2.5

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/425087AE-086E-FFE1-8DE1-BDD9FCD2F840

treatment provided by

Felipe (2024-10-01 22:34:41, last updated 2024-10-01 23:47:30)

scientific name

Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)
status

 

Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)

Fig. 3A–E View FIGURE 3 .

Replaced synonym:— Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber , seeds according to Ludwig (1860: 122; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12 [semina], non fig. 13 [folium]).

Lectotype (designated here):—[ MB. Pb. 2005/0627.1 (orig.-no. 135)!], illustrated in: Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 10, as Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 38), repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin ( MfN), Rudolph Ludwig collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”).

Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0627 (orig.-no. 135)!].

Notes:—The first indication of an assigned name for the here-treated seeds of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen is a label in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, written by Alexander Braun possibly in 1850: “Semina ‘ Carpolithes lignit . Bronn’ / Salzhausen”. The following synonyms have also been utilized in the literature for these fossil seeds, but some of them were originally erected for fossil leaf-remains.

The first name in the literature is Anona lignitum Unger (1850: 441–442 —folia) and Unger (1860: 25; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7—semen; non figs 1–6—folia) from Salzhausen, which was published by Unger (1850) for leaves; only one seed was illustrated by Unger (1860) without visible specific traits and hence this name should only be used for leaf-remains. Later, Mai newly combined Anona lignitum to Magnolia lignita ( Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58).

Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) in Ludwig (1860: 122–123; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12—semina; non fig. 13—folia) also refers to seeds and leaf-remains, but Magnolia attenuata C.O. Weber (1852: 192–193; pl. 22, fig. 1) was originally erected for late Oligocene leaves from fluviatile deposits in the Siebengebirge area near Bonn, and is therefore not available for fossil seeds. In the protologue of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872 ; sine figuris), Ettingshausen refers to leaves and seeds of Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) illustrated in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–13). He stated that the leaf pictured in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 13) cannot attributed to Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber 1852 because of different morphological traits, thus he only included the seeds in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 9–12) to the taxon Magnolia ludwigii . Formally, Ettingshausen made Magnolia ludwigii a formal nomen novum for the seeds illustrated as Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) by Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–12). Subsequently Kirchheimer established a new name— Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q)—for the above mentioned synonyms of Magnolia View in CoL -seeds from the Miocene brown-coal of Bad Salzhausen in Vogelsberg, but he disregarded the priority of the previously published name Magnolia ludwigii by Ettingshausen (1868).

Occurrence and habitat:—In central Europe in late Oligocene and Miocene brown-coal and sand deposits of swampy and fluviatile habitats. In early Pliocene in southern Poland ( Mai 1975) and northern Italy ( Martinetto 1999), up to middle Pliocene in central Italy ( Martinetto 2001).

= Magnolia lignita ( Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58), syn. nov.

Basionym:— Anona lignitum Unger (1860: 25 ; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7 [semen]; non figs 1–6 [folia]).

Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1935: 717 , 720; text-figs 7–8), nom. nud.

Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q).

Lectotype (designated here):—[ MB. Pb. 2016/2470.1!], repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin ( MfN), Alexander Braun collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”).

Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2016/2470.2!], illustrated in: Kirchheimer (1936: pl. 8, figs 1b–h, as Magnolia sinuata Kirchh. ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 34); [MB.Pb.2016/2470.3!].

Note:—The “ holotype,” designated by Mai (1975: 572), refers to the pictured specimen in Unger (1860: pl. 10, fig. 7) and not to a collection- or gathering-specimen. The database query on “OeTyp—Catalogue of Palaeontological Types in Austrian Collections”, available from: “https://www.oeaw.ac.at/cgi-bin/oetyp/query/” (accessed: 22 July 2019), did not match any result regarding seeds of Anona lignitum Unger.

Ettingshausen, C. v. (1868) Die fossile Flora der alteren Braunkohlenformation der Wetterau. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 57: 807 - 893. Available from: https: // www. zobodat. at / pdf / SBAWW _ 57 _ 0807 - 0893. pdf (accessed 20 March 2019)

Kirchheimer, F. (1935): Weitere Mitteilungen uber die Fruchte und Samen aus deutschen Braunkohlen. III. Bemerkenswerte Reste aus der Salzhauser Braunkohle. Braunkohle 34: 715 - 721, 735 - 739.

Kirchheimer, F. (1936) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Tertiarflora. Fruchte und Samen aus dem Deutschen Tertiar. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 82: 73 - 141.

Ludwig, R. (1857) Fossile Pflanzen aus der jungsten Wetterauer Braunkohle. Palaeontographica 5: 81 - 110. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33287262]

Mai, D. H. (1975) Beitrage zur Bestimmung und Nomenklatur fossiler Magnolien. Feddes Repertorium 86: 559 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19750860910

Mai, D. H. (1997) Die oberoligozanen Floren am Nordrand der Sachsischen Lausitz [Floras from the Upper Oligocene at the northern margin of Lausitz, Saxony]. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 244: 1 - 124.

Mai, H. D. (1999) Die untermiozanen Floren aus der Spremberger Folge und dem 2. Flozhorizont in der Lausitz. Teil II: Polycarpicae und Apetalae [The lower Miocene floras of the Spremberger sequence and the second browncoal horizon Lusatica region. Part II: Polycarpicae and Apetalae]. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 251: 1 - 70.

Martinetto, E. (1999) Chronological framing of Pliocene to Early Pleistocene plant macrofossil assemblages from northern Italy. Acta Palaeobotanica, Suppl. 2: 503 - 511.

Martinetto, E. (2001) The role of central Italy as a centre of refuge for thermophilous plants in the late Cenozoic. Acta Palaeobotanica 41: 299 - 319.

Unger, F. (1850) Genera et Species Plantarum Fossilium. W. Braumuller, Wien, XL + 627 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26645

Unger, F. (1860) Sylloge Plantarum Fossilium I. Sammlung fossiler Pflanzen, besonders aus der Tertiar-Formation. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 19 (1): 1 - 48. Available from: https: // www. zobodat. at / pdf / DAKW _ 19 _ 1 _ 0001 - 0048. pdf (accessed 20 March 2019)

Gallery Image

FIGURE 3. Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh., Salzhausen near Nidda (Germany); middle Miocene (Langhian) brown coal of intravolcanic sediment deposits.A. Lectotype (white arrow) of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh. [MB.Pb.2005/0627.1] with syntypes. B. Original label with MB.Pb.2005/0627. C. Lectotype (white arrows, ventral and dorsal view) of Magnolia lignita (Unger) Mai [MB.Pb.2016/2470.1] with syntypes. D–E. Original labels with MB.Pb.2016/2470.

MB

Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage

MfN

Museum für Naturkunde

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Magnoliales

Family

Magnoliaceae

Genus

Magnolia