Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881 )

Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), Zootaxa 4639 (1), pp. 1-231 : 83

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583259
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D212-0402-FF81-FF33-FC6C75C816C7
treatment provided by	Plazi (2019-07-19 08:56:06, last updated 2024-11-25 22:07:43)
scientific name	Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881 )
status

Treatment

Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881) View in CoL

Reports for the Azores:

Pentagonaster elongatus Perrier, 1885 c— $ Perrier 1885c: 38; Goniopecten subtilis Perrier, 1881 — $ Perrier 1885c: 41; Paragonaster elongatus ( Perrier, 1885c) View in CoL — $ Perrier 1894: 362–363 pl. 21, fig. 3, pl. 24, fig. 4; Verrill 1899: 196; Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881) View in CoL — $ Perrier 1894: 358–362 pl. 23, fig. 5, pl. 24, fig. 3; $ Koehler 1909: 86–87, pl. 4, fig. 2; Mortensen 1927a: 79; $ Halpern 1972: 374–378, figs. 5–6; Downey 1973: 57, pl. 22, figs. A, B; Sibuet 1975: 108; Gage et al. 1983: 280; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992: 256–257, pl. 62, figs. C, D; García-Diez et al. 2005: 47; $ Dilman 2008: 140, 2014: 33.

Type locality: Gulf of Mexico (24°33’N, 84°23’W) GoogleMaps .

See: Halpern (1972); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992).

Occurrence: Atlantic, in the west from off New York, south to the Gulf of Mexico ( Halpern 1972), in the east from the Rockall Trough ( Gage et al. 1983) to the Gulf of Guinea ( Sibuet 1975), including the Azores and Cape Verde archipelagos ( Koehler 1909).

Depth: 1,058 –4,825 m ( Halpern 1972); AZO: 2,954 –4,261 m ( Koehler 1909, Dilman 2008).

Habitat: soft substrates (ooze; Gage et al. 1983).

Larval stage: lecithotrophic ( McEdward & Miner 2001).

Remarks: Paragonaster subtilis is a highly variably species and was described in the literature under several names (see A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). For example, Perrier (1885c, 1894) described Paragonaster elongatus (= Pentagonaster elongatus ) based on material collected by Talisman at the same station in the Azores (sta 131, 1883: 38°38’00”N, 25°05’46”W, 2,995 m) where the same author recorded also P. subtilis . At the time, Perrier remarked that the former might represent just a variety of later species. Halpern (1972) re-examined the type material including that of P. elongatus from the Azores and synonymized the two species.

References

Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.

Dilman, A. B. (2008) Asteroid fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge with description of a new species Hymenasterides mironovi sp. nov. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), 131 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701821736

Dilman A. B. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Asteroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 25 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.05

Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126

Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1983) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 45, 263 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28002

Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.

Halpern, J. A. (1972) Pseudarchasterinae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) of the Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85 (30), 359 - 384.

Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.

McEdward, L. R. & Miner, B. G. (2001) Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1125 - 1170. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 218

Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841

Perrier, M. E. (1881) Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 9, 1 - 31.

Perrier, M. E. (1885 c) Premiere note preliminaire des les Echinodermes, recueillis durant les campagnes de dragages sous-marines du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 22 (8), 1 - 72.

Perrier, M. E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp.

Perrier, M. E. (1885 a) Les Encrines vivantes. Revue Scientifique, Revue Rose, Paris, 35, 690 - 693.

Sibuet, M. (1975) Asterides abyssales de l'Atlantique sud. (Resultats de la campagne Walda, juin-juillet-ao r t 1971). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 (289), 281 - 297.

Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031