Glis glis Linnaeus 1766

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Gliridae, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 819-840 : 840

Glis glis Linnaeus 1766

Glis glis Linnaeus 1766 , Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1, 1: 87.

Type Locality: Slovenia, Carniola. Violani and Zava (1995) restricted the type locality of G. glis to Southern Carniola, Slovenia, based on a letter written by Scopoli describing the Fat Dormouse to Linnaeus, who was unacquainted with the animal. Scopoli gave the following locality information, "Habitat in Carniola, in primis inferiore", which Violani and Zava (1995) translated to mean "Southern Carniola". An alternate translation of "Habitat in Carniola, in primis inferiore." is "dwells in Carniola, principally Southern." Krystufek is of the opinion that Scopoli likely became acquainted with the Fat Dormouse in the vicinity of Idrija, central Slovenia, where Scopoli worked as a physician, and where Fat Dormice are still common (B. Kryštufek, pers. comm.). Unless additional locality information is uncovered regarding the Scopoli specimen, it seems more accurate to list the type locality as simply Carniola.

Vernacular Names: Fat Dormouse.

Synonyms: Glis abruttii Altobello 1924 ; Glis argenteus Zimmermann 1953 ; Glis avellanus (Owen 1840) ; Glis caspicus Satunin 1906 ; Glis caspius (Satunin 1905) ; Glis esculentus Blumenbach 1779 ; Glis germanicus Violani and Zava 1995 ; Glis giglis (Cuvier 1832) ; Glis insularis Barrett-Hamilton 1899 ; Glis intermedius Altobello 1920 ; Glis italicus Barrett-Hamilton 1898 ; Glis martinoi Miri? 1960 ; Glis melonii Thomas 1907 ; Glis minutus Martino 1930 ; Glis orientalis (Nehring 1903) ; Glis persicus ( Erxleben 1777) ; Glis petruccii Goodwin 1939 ; Glis pindicus Ondrias 1966 ; Glis postus Montagu 1923 ; Glis pyrenaicus Cabrera 1908 ; Glis spoliatus Thomas 1906 ; Glis subalpinus Burg 1920 ; Glis tschetshenicus Satunin 1920 ; Glis vagneri Martino and Martino 1941 ; Glis vulgaris Oken 1816 .

Distribution: Europe, N Turkey, the Caucasus, N Iran and SW Turkmenistan: N Spain ( Castien and Gosalbez, 1992), France ( Gautherin, 1988; Geissert and Merkel, 1994), Switzerland ( Catzeflis, 1995 c; Maurizio, 1994), Belgium ( Christiaens, 1995; Libois, 1996), Netherlands, Germany ( Bitz, 1991; Faltin, 1988; Feustel, 1984; Gorner and Henkel, 1988; Grunwald, 1992; Harsch, 1993; Labes et al., 1987; Nachtigall, 1996; Pankow, 1989; Rehage and Preywisch, 1984; Schoppe, 1986; Schulze, 1986; von Vietinghoff-Riesch, 1960), Poland ( Bielecka, 1986; Daoud, 1989; Indyk and Pawlowska-Indyk, 1994; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Jurczyszyn et al., 2001; Kazmierczak and Kaliczewski, 1989; Nowakowski and Terlecki, 1991; Profus, 2000; Pucek, 1983 c; Wuczynski and Garbowski, 2000); Ukraine ( Bezrodny, 1991) north to Belorus, Lithuania ( Balciauskas, 1996; Juskaitis, 1995 a) and Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), east to Volga River, south to Saratov and Voronezh ( Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); Caucasus Mtns ( Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995) south to N Iran ( Lay, 1967; Obuch, 2001) and SW Turkmenistan (see Bezrodny, 1991; Kuznetsov, 1965; Licha ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947; Ruprecht and Szwagrzak, 1986; Vereshchagin, 1959); the Mediterranean (except S and C Iberia, Balearic Isls), Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Elba, Italy ( Amori et al., 1995, 1999), including Sicilia (Sarà and Casamento, 1995 a), Eolia ( Cristaldi and Amori, 1988) and N Adriatic Isls ( Petrov, 1992; Tvrtkovi et al., 1995), Austria ( Spitzenberger, 1983; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Czech Republic and Slovakia (And�ra, 1986, 1995; And�ra and Cerveny,1994; Danko, 1994; Hçrka,1990; Obuch, 1998; Smaha, 1996; Stanko and Mosansky, 2000), Hungary (Bakó et al., 1998; Becsy, 1982), Slovenia (Kryštufek, 1991; Kryštufek and Haberl, 2001; Polak, 1997); Croatia (Tvrtkovi et al., 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro ( Petrov, 1992), Romania ( Istrate, 1998; Vasiliu, 1961), Albania ( Prigioni, 1996), Macedonia ( Petrov, 1992), Bulgaria ( Peshev, 1996; Peshev et al., 1990 b), Greece ( Ondrias, 1966; in Andros Isl see Dimaki, 1999; in Macedonia see Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1987; in Thrace see Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992 a), Crete, Corfu, Cephalonia, Turkish Thrace ( Kurtonur, 1992), N Turkey (Do ramaci and Tez, 1991; Kock, 1990; Obuch, 2001). In Europe see also Kryštufek (1999 a) and Storch (1978 a). Introduced to England ( Morris, 1997 a, b).

Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).

Discussion: The significance of geographical variation within G. glis , in the context of subspecific or specific level differentiation among populations, has not been investigated throughout its range. Comprehensive review of G. glis , including illustrations of live animal, distributional, morphological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Biometry and taxonomy of Asiago Plateau population by Franco (1988); morphometric study of Bulgarian populations by Peshev and Delov (1995 b); variability of non-metric characters of Bulgarian populations analyzed by Markov (2001 a); morphometric and chromosomal study of Turkish populations by Do ramaci and Tez (1991); diagnosis and distribution of subspecies in SE Europe by Ondrias (1966). Comparison of dental pattern with fossil Glis from Poland given by Daoud (1993). Review of chromosomal studies produced by Zima et al. (1995); additional karyotypic data from Bulgaria reported by Peshev and Delov (1995 a), from Turkey by Do ramaci and Tez (1991), from Italy and Turkey by Civitelli et al. (1995 b), and from Russia by Graphodatsky and Fokin (1993); complete mitochondrial DNA sequence analyzed by Reyes et al. (1998); allozyme variation and genetic relationships analyzed by Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995); phallic and bacular structure and variation reported by Hrabe (1969) and Simson et al. (1995); illustrations and taxonomic significance of the os and glans penis, and stomach anatomy, provided by Kratochvil (1973). Functional morphology and histology of the feet reported by Krattli and Haffner (1995); morphology and functional significance of vibrissae studied by Kulikov (1988); variation in number of teats in Slovenian samples and its possible significance elucidated by Kryštufek (2004). Ecology, seasonal variation in body mass, variation in mass of individual organs, and other aspects of population biology of Slovenian population studied by Kryštufek (2001 c), Kryštufek and M. Zavodnik (2003), and Kryštufek et al. (2003). Daily torpor in wild population reported by Nowakowski (2001 a). Use of tibial length for age determination analyzed by Schlund (1997). Status in E Baltic region summarized by Timm et al. (1998), and treated in a review of ecological stategies of Baltic rodents ( Miljutin, 1998). Documented in faunal studies made in N Italy ( Cantini, 1991; Paolucci et al., 1993; Cresti et al., 1994; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996 a; Scaravelli et al., 1995), C Italy ( Amori et al., 2002 a; Cerone and Aloise, 1994), and S Italy ( Cagnin and Aloise, 1995; Cagnin et al., 1996). Human influence on geographical distribution discussed by Carpaneto and Cristaldi (1995). Recorded from middle and late Pleistocene in Europe ( Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi, 2001; Horacek, 1986; Kowalski, 2001; Storch, 1978 a; Viriot et al., 1991). For synonyms see Ellerman (1941), Thomas (1906), Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978c).