Ceodes J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2: 141. 1776.

Rossetto, Elson Felipe Sandoli & Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A., 2020, Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae), PhytoKeys 152, pp. 121-136 : 121

Ceodes J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2: 141. 1776.

≡ Pisonia sect. Prismatocarpae Heimerl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1b): 29. 1889. Type (designated by Stemmerik in Blumea 12: 277. 1964): Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Seem. (≡ Ceodes umbellifera J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.), syn. nov.

= Calpidia Thouars, Hist. Vég. Îsles Austral. Afriq. 37, pl. 10. 1804. Type: Calpidia oblonga J.St.-Hil., syn. nov.

= Heimerlia Skottsb., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 30: 738. 1936 (non Höhn. 1903). Type: Heimerlia brunoniana (Endl.) Skottsb., syn. nov.

= Heimerliodendron Skottsb., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 35: 364. 1941. Type: Heimerliodendron brunonianum (Endl.) Skottsb., syn. nov.

= Pisonia sect. Paucistaminatae (Heimerl) Stemm., Blumea 12: 277. 1964 ≡ Calpidia sect. Paucistaminatae Heimerl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 16c: 125. 1934. Type (designated by Stemmerik in Blumea 12: 277. 1964): Pisonia longirostris Teijsm. & Binn. (≡ Calpidia longirostris (Teijsm. & Binn.) Heimerl), syn. nov.

= Pisonia sect. Timeroyea (Montrouz.) Heimerl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1b): 29. 1889, ' Timeroya ' ≡ Timeroyea Montrouz., Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 10: 247. 1860. Type (designated by Stemmerik in Blumea 12: 277. 1964): Pisonia artensis (Montrouz.) Barg.-Petr. (≡ Timeroyea artensis Montrouz.), syn. nov.

= Vieillardia Brong. & Gris, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 8: 375. 1861 (non Montrouz. 1860). Type: Vieillardia austrocaledonica Brong. & Gris., syn. nov.

Type.

C. umbellifera J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Description.

Habit and phyllotaxy. Dioecious or hermaphroditic trees or shrubs, leaves (sub)opposite or (sub)verticillate clustered at apex of branches.

Inflorescence. Axillary, terminal or occasionally cauliflorous, arranged in compound cymes.

Flowers. Unisexual (with vestiges of another sex) or rarely hermaphrodite, pedicellate, bracteoles absent at the upper portion of the pedicels, perianth campanulate (Fig. 2A, D ) to funnel-shaped, stamens 2 to many (> 30), long or shortly exserted (Fig. 2D ) and stigma penicillate or less frequently fimbriate, exserted (Fig. 2A ).

Anthocarp . Leathery or woody (but never fleshy), ellipsoid, prismatic or fusiform, sometimes with a rostrum at apex (Fig. 3B ) and 4-5 longitudinal ribs with inconspicuous sticky glands (Figs 2B, C , 3A-C ).

Pollen. Six and 12 colpi geometrically arranged.

Perisperm . Often scarce, gelatinous or mealy.

Figures

Figure 2. Field images for representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae) from the Pacific Islands A Ceodes taitensis. Branch with pistillate flowers B Ceodes brunoniana. Ripe anthocarps (fruits) exuding sticky secretions (arrow) C, D Ceodes umbellifera. Branch with ripe anthocarps (C) and staminate flowers at anthesis (D) E, F Pisonia grandis R. Br. Staminate flowers at anthesis (E) and ripe anthocarps (F) G-I Rockia sandwicensis. Staminate (G) and pistillate (H) flowers at anthesis and ripe anthocarps (I) Photo credits: A, F by J. - Y. Meyer B by L. Jensen C by C. - I Peng D, E, I by F. Starr and K. Starr G, H by K. Magnacca.

Figure 3. Comparison of size and morphology of ripe fruits (anthocarps) amongst members of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae). The outline of infructescences are shown below each anthocarp A Ceodes brunoniana (based on St. John 11272 (US- 01258187 )) B Ceodes longirostris (based on Brass 2972 (HUH- 00046918 )). Note the extremely long rostrum at the tip of the anthocarp (indicated with an arrow) C Ceodes umbellifera (based on Foxworthy 593 (US- 03661041 )) D Pisonia aculeata L. (based on Caraballo 3464 (IJ )) E Pisonia grandis (based on Fosberg 24357 (US- 00959523 )) F Rockia sandwicensis (based on Lorence 6305 (US- 00452890 )). Illustration credit: Ramos Sepulveda.