Urgineopsis Compton
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.610.1.1 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561940 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C345D7B-FF91-FF92-FCA6-F8B8B733FE5A |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Urgineopsis Compton |
status |
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28. Urgineopsis Compton View in CoL View at ENA
in J. Bot. 68: 107 (1930)
( Figs 69–70 View FIGURE 69 View FIGURE 70 ).
Typus generis:— U. salteri Compton View in CoL (holotype).
Description:—Small bulbous geophyte. Bulb hypogeal, mostly solitary, inner scales white to pinkish, fleshy, compact, outer scales membranous. Roots thickened and branched. Leaf usually solitary (rarely to 3 per bulb), 4‒30 cm long, terete, dark green, commonly leathery, hysteranthous or rarely synanthous, deciduous, to 3 mm in diam., smooth, glabrous. Inflorescence a usually elongated, dense to lax raceme, 0.5‒4.0 cm long, erect; peduncle elongated, 6‒30 cm long, erect, smooth or sometimes striate-papillate at base; pedicels 0.5‒6.0 mm long, subpatent. Bracts lanceolate, acute, short, 0.5‒1.5 mm long, lowermost with short spur to 5 mm long; bracteoles absent, exceptionally present and minute. Flowers stellate, erect-patent, diurnal. Tepals 6, 5‒8 mm long, connate in distinct widely campanulate to subcylindrical tube for 1‒4 mm, free lobes patent to slightly reflexed at full anthesis, whitish, yellowish, or purplish, with darker central band more evident on abaxial side. Stamens 6, spreading and incurved distally; filaments adnate to tepals and arising from mouth of tepals tube, free portions ca. 2 mm long, white, glabrous, smooth, spreading basally and incurved distally; anthers yellow, oblong, medifixed, dehiscing along their whole length. Ovary ovate to narrowly oblong, 2.0‒ 2.5 mm long, attenuate to truncate at top, green to yellowish; style white, narrowly columnar, 2.0‒ 2.5 mm long; stigma slightly 3-lobed and papillose. Capsule ovate to subglobose, 5‒12 mm long, trigonous, loculicidal, 3 valves splitting to base, with withered perigone segments circumscissile below and forming an apical cap. Seeds ellipsoid to fusiform or pyriform, 2‒6 mm long, light brown to black, with striate to reticulate testa.
Number of species and distribution:— Urgineopsis includes seven species from coastal areas in western South Africa and western Namibia, and restricted to the Cape and Karoo-Namib Regions (sensu Takhtajan 1986) ( Fig. 71 View FIGURE 71 ). For further species characterisation see Duthie (1928), Compton (1930), Adamson (1942), Adamson et al. (1944), Jessop (1977), and Manning & Goldblatt (2018).
Karyology:—2n=14 ( Speta 1998a with no reference).
History, diagnostic characters, and taxonomic relationships:— Compton (1930) described Urgineopsis based on a single species, U. salteri Compton (1930: 107) from the Cape Peninsula in southwestern South Africa. This species shows a peculiar flower morphology in which tepals are connate for ca. 2 mm at the base forming a campanulate, widely open tube; filaments adnate to tepals arising at the apex of tepal tube, spreading and slightly incurved, and the distinctly exposed ovary due to the very wide tepal tube and spreading stamens. Jessop (1977) reduced Urgineopsis to the synonymy of a widely circumscribed Drimia , arguing that the degree of fusion of tepals is not a consistent character defining genera in Urgineoideae , in which a transition of connation degrees is observed. However, as noted above, this character alone should not be used for generic circumscription in Urgineoideae due to a certain degree of homoplasy, and therefore a combination of other morphological and phylogenetic characters are considered to support the acceptance of Urgineopsis . Baker (1897), Duthie (1928), Adamson (1942), Adamson et al. (1944), and Manning & Goldblatt (2018) have described further taxa occurring in coastal areas of western South Africa, which share the same distinct flower morphology of Urgineopsis . Martínez-Azorín et al. (2019a) recently accepted seven species in Urgineopsis to extend the range of this genus to coastal Namibia.
The phylogenetic studies by Martínez-Azorín et al. (2023a) included six samples of Urgineopsis that formed a strongly supported clade placed within a large polytomy. Based on the clear morphological and phylogenetic evidence, we here accept Urgineopsis as a genus endemic to western South Africa and Namibia. The taxonomy of this genus requires further study, especially on fresh material, to evaluate the real status of some described species and populations.
Accepted species:—
Urgineopsis arenosa (Adamson) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) ≡ Urginea arenosa Adamson View in CoL in J. S. African Bot. 8: 239 (1942), basionym ( Fig. 5.17 View FIGURE 5 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Simonstown (3418): Cape Peninsula , Red Hill , (–AB), Salter 8321 (BOL140320! holo.; NBG0073244!, K000257365!, SAM0056687! iso.).
Urgineopsis barbata (J.C.Manning & J.M.J.Deacon) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) ≡ Drimia barbata J.C.Manning & J.M.J.Deacon View in CoL in Strelitzia 40: 47 (2018), basionym ( Fig. 70.1 View FIGURE 70 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape. Oranjemund (2816): Boegoeberg , S of Alexander Bay, (–DA), only materials in flower ex hort. on 1 February 1980, M. Bayer 1013 (NBG121176! holo. [2 cross referenced sheets following Art. 8.2 Ex. 4 of the ICN, Turland et al. (2018)]).
Urgineopsis dregei (Baker) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) ≡ Urginea dregei Baker, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) View in CoL 6(3): 467 (1897), basionym ( Figs 5.18 View FIGURE 5 , 69.1–5 View FIGURE 69 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Worcester (3319): Worcester Div., Dutoitskloof , (–CC), 1840, Drège 1501 (K000257344! lecto. designated by Manning & Goldblatt 2018; S06-4415! [only the four fruiting specimens] isolecto.).
Urgineopsis exilis (Adamson) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) ≡ Urginea exilis Adamson View in CoL in J. S. African Bot. 8: 240 (1942), basionym ( Fig. 5.19 View FIGURE 5 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Simonstown (3418): Cape Peninsula , De Klip , (–AD), February 1940, Salter 8312 (BOL140317! holo.; NBG0073245!, SAM0056685! iso.).
Urgineopsis gracilis (A.V.Duthie) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) ≡ Urginea gracilis A.V.Duthie View in CoL in Ann. Univ. Stellenbosch 1928, 6: Sect.A, No. 2, 12 (1928), basionym ≡ Fusifilum gracilis (A.V.Duthie) Speta in Phyton (Horn, Austria) 38(1): 69 (1998) ( Figs 5.20 View FIGURE 5 , 69.6–14 View FIGURE 69 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Cape Town (3318): ‘Stellenbosch flats, in low-lying, clayey area’, (–DD), March 1925, A. Duthie 1446a (NBG0197705-1! lecto. designated here: only the flowering fragments, excluding both the leafing plants and inflorescences with dehisced capsules). Note:—The lectotypification by Manning & Goldblatt (2018) is to be superseded, because the supposed holotype includes fragments from different collections.
Urgineopsis pedunculata (Adamson) Mart. View in CoL - Azorín, M.B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig in Phytotaxa 397(4): 296 (2019) ≡ Urginea pedunculata Adamson View in CoL in J. S. African Bot. 10: 134 (1944), basionym. Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Simonstown (3418): Cape Peninsula , Kalk Bay Mountains , (–AB), M.R. Levyns sub Adamson 3483 (BOL140321! holo.).
Urgineopsis salteri Compton View in CoL in J. Bot. 68: 107 (1930) ≡ Urginea salteri (Compton) Adamson View in CoL in J. S. African Bot. 8: 238 (1942), in obs. ≡ Drimia salteri (Compton) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt View in CoL in Strelitzia 9: 712 (2000) ( Figs 6.1 View FIGURE 6 , 70.2 View FIGURE 70 ). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Simonstown (3418): Cape Peninsula, Muizenburg on rock slabs, (–AB), Salter s.n. BOL18861 (BOL140319! lecto. designated by Jessop in J. S. African Bot. 43: 303. 1977; K000257370! isolecto.).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Urgineopsis Compton
Martínez-Azorín, Mario, Crespo, Manuel B., Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles, Pinter, Michael, Crouch, Neil R., Dold, Anthony P., Mucina, Ladislav, Pfosser, Martin & Wetschnig, Wolfgang 2023 |
Urgineopsis arenosa (Adamson)
Azorin, M. B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig 2019: 295 |
Adamson 1942: 239 |
Urgineopsis exilis (Adamson)
Azorin, M. B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig 2019: 295 |
Adamson 1942: 240 |
Urgineopsis gracilis (A.V.Duthie)
Azorin, M. B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig 2019: 295 |
Urgineopsis pedunculata (Adamson)
Azorin, M. B. Crespo, M. Pinter & Wetschnig 2019: 296 |
Adamson 1944: 134 |
Urgineopsis salteri
J. C. Manning & Goldblatt 2000: 712 |
Jessop 1977: 303 |
Adamson 1942: 238 |
Compton 1930: 107 |