Anisakis physeteris ( Baylis, 1923 )

Hernández-Orts, Jesús S., Viola, M. Natalia Paso, García, Néstor A., Crespo, Enrique A., González, Raúl, García-Varela, Martín & Kuchta, Roman, 2015, A checklist of the helminth parasites of marine mammals from Argentina, Zootaxa 3936 (3), pp. 301-334 : 308-310

Anisakis physeteris ( Baylis, 1923)

Host: Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus

Site in host: stomach

Locality: Puerto Madryn (43º14'S, 65º02'W), Chubut province Specimens in collections: MML (accession numbers not provided)V References: Berón-Vera et al. (2008)

Anisakis simplex ( Rudolphi, 1809) s.l. 3 Host: Delphinus delphis Linnaeus

Site in host: forestomach

Locality: northern Patagonia (39º–42ºS, 60º–62ºW)

Specimens in collections: USNPC (99622)V

References: Berón-Vera et al. (2007)

Host: Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Quoy & Gaimard)

Site in host: stomach

Locality: Playa Unión (43º20'S, 65º00'W), Rawson, and Playa Paraná (42º49'S, 64º53'W), Puerto Madryn, Chubut province

References: Fernández et al. (2003)

Host: Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray)

Site in host: forestomach, main stomach

Locality: Claromecó (38º52'S, 60º05'W) and Necochea (38º27'S, 58º50'W), Buenos Aires province

Specimens in collections: BMNH (1993.5201–5205)V; MZU (accession numbers not provided)V

References: Aznar et al. (2003)

Host: Phocoena dioptrica Lahille

Site in host: esophagus, forestomach, main stomach

Locality: Playa Unión and Playa El Doradillo, Chubut province

Specimens in collections: MML (accession numbers not provided)V

References: Berón-Vera et al. (2008)

Host: Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister

Site in host: duodenal ampulla, forestomach, main stomach, pyloric stomach

Locality: Claromecó (38º52'S, 60º05'W) and Necochea (38º27'S, 58º50'W), Buenos Aires province; Punta Bengoa, Chubut province

Specimens in collections: BMNH (1993.5201–5205)V; MML (accession numbers not provided)V; MZU (accession numbers not provided)V

References: Aznar et al. (2003) and Berón-Vera et al. (2008)

Host: Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & d’Orbigny)

Site in host: duodenal ampulla, main stomach, pyloric stomach

Locality: Claromecó (38º52'S, 60º05'W) and Necochea (38º27'S, 58º50'W), Buenos Aires province

Specimens in collections: BMNH (1993.5201–5205)V

3. Anisakid nematodes belonging to the Anisakis simplex species complex mature and reproduce in the digestive tract of cetaceans (Mattiucci and Nascetti 2008). The taxonomic position of species of this complex has been controversial and confused, since morphological traits of taxonomic significance in this complex are few ( Mattiucci et al. 2009). However, after the application of genetic molecular methods, the taxonomy and systematic position of these species have been widely accepted ( Mattiucci et al. 2009; 2014 and references therein). Today, the A. simplex complex (i.e. A. simplex s.l.) is composed of 3 sibling species, namely, A. berlandi Mattiucci, Cipriani, Webb, Paoletti, Marcer, Bellisario, Gibson & Nascetti, 2014 , A. pegreffii Campaña-Rouget & Biocca, 1955 , and A. simplex s.s. (see Mattiucci et al. 2014). The species of the A. simplex complex are cosmopolitan, A. berlandi have been reported in the southern Pacific Ocean and the South African Atlantic coasts, A. peregriffi along the Mediterranean Sea and the southeastern Pacific Ocean ( New Zealand coast), and A. simplex s.s. is widespread between 35ºN and the Artic Cycle, in both the western and eastern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Mattiucci and Nascetti 2008; Mattiucci et al. 2014). In Argentina, morphological and molecular characterizations of the A. simplex species complex have never been performed. However, in some studies on helminth parasites of marine mammals from this country, these nematodes have been assigned as A. simplex s.l. (e.g. Fernández et al. 2003; Berón-Vera et al. 2007, 2008; Leonardi et al. 2011; Romero et al. 2014). Other published reports on helminth parasites have assigned these nematodes as Anisakis sp. Type I larva sensu Berland (1961) (see Berón-Vera et al. 2001; Hernández-Orts et al. 2013), or as A. simplex sensu Davey (1971) (see Aznar et al. 2003), which are currently recognized as A. simplex s.l. ( Paggi et al. 1998; Mattiucci and Nascetti 2008). Other authors have reported these nematodes in Argentina as A. simplex (see, Gibson and Harris 1979; Aznar et al. 1994, 1995; Dans et al. 1999; Sánchez et al. 2002). However, because the current distribution of A. simplex s.s. is restricted to the North Hemisphere (see above), we reassigned these specimens as A. simplex s.l. In the present checklist we did not find any evidence to differentiate species included in the A. simplex complex in Argentina, therefore we re-assigned all these nematodes as A. simplex s.l.

References: Aznar et al. (1994; 1995; 2003)

Host: Tursiops truncatus (Montagu)

Site in host: forestomach, main stomach, pyloric stomach

Locality: Playa Unión (43°24'S, 65°03'W), Chubut province; northern Patagonia (40°30'– 43°30'S, 64°–65°W) Specimens in collections: MML (accession numbers not provided)V; MZU (accession numbers not provided)V References: Sánchez et al. (2002) and Romero et al. (2014)