Chorizopora brogniartii ( Audouin, 1826 )

Dick, Matthew H., Tilbrook, Kevin J. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2006, Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA, Journal of Natural History 40 (38 - 40), pp. 2197-2257 : 2217-2218

Chorizopora brogniartii ( Audouin, 1826) sensu lato

( Figure 7C, D )

Flustra brogniartii Audouin 1826, p 240 .

Chorizopora brogniartii: Gordon 1984, p 113 , Plate 44C; Tilbrook et al. 2001, p 64, Figure 8C ; Tilbrook 2006, p 102, Figure 17B–D .

Measurements ZL, 0.30–0.45 (0.398¡0.043). ZW, 0.25–0.30 (0.264¡0.017). OrL, 0.06–0.07

(0.063¡0.0016). OrW, 0.09–0.11 (0.099¡0.009). OvL, 0.15–0.18 (0.169¡0.011). OvW, 0.18–0.23 (0.196¡0.017) (ovicell n 56).

Description

Colony unilaminar, encrusting; zooids interconnect by tubular pore chambers. Frontal wall gymnocystal, thin-walled, hyaline, non-spinous, finely transversely ridged, with finer perpendicularly orientated striae. Orifice ( Figure 7C ) more than semicircular, broader than long, with proximal margin straight or slightly convex; orifice of ovicellate zooids larger than that of non-ovicellate zooids. Avicularia interzooidal, often immediately distal to a zooid; interzooidal kenozooids present. Ovicell ( Figure 7C ) raised, hemispherical, smooth, imperforate, not associated with an avicularium. Ancestrula ( Figure 7D ) similar to but smaller than subsequent autozooids, with four orificial spines and a tiny mid-frontal pore.

Remarks

There are some differences between our material and that described from other localities. For example, Hayward and Ryland (1999) indicate an oval ancestrula with four frontal spines for British material, whereas an ancestrula we observed ( Figure 7D ) is elongate and lacks frontal spines. Furthermore, an avicularium is generally associated with the ovicell in specimens from Britain, Vanuatu ( Tilbrook et al. 2001), and New Zealand ( Gordon 1984), but not in our material. Nominal C. brogniartii from New Zealand has a sharp suboral ‘‘papilla’’ ( Gordon 1984). In Britain, C. brogniartii is sublittoral, whereas specimens similar to this species occur intertidally in Panama (M. H. Dick, unpublished data) and Hawaii. Hayward and Ryland (1999) furthermore mentioned that considerable variation exists in zooid size among geographically separate populations. These sorts of variation suggest that nominal C. brogniartii includes a number of distinct species worldwide; however, it is beyond the scope of this paper to resolve this issue.

Distribution

Putatively circumglobal, in tropical and temperate shelf habitats ( Tilbrook et al. 2001). This is the first record from the Hawaiian Islands.

‘‘Grade’’ UMBONULOMORPHA Gordon, 1989 Superfamily ARACHNOPUSIOIDEA Jullien, 1888

Figures

Figure 7. (A, B) Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni: (A) autozooid; (B) autozooid (part) and ovicellate zooid. (C, D) Chorizopora brogniartii (Audouin) sensu lato: (C) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, interzooidal kenozooids, and avicularia; (D) ancestrula (lower left) and early astogeny. (E, F) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler): (E) autozooids, ovicellate zooids, and interzooidal avicularia; (F) ancestrula (bottom centre) and periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 200 Mm (A, B); 500 Mm (C–F).

Figure 8. (A, B) Drepanophora corrugata (Thornely): (A) autozooids; (B) enlargement of orifice from distal view showing lyrula and condyles. (C, D) Escharoides longirostris (Dumont): (C) autozooids and one ovicellate zooid; (D) enlargement of orifice and lateral oral avicularium. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, C); 100 Mm (B, D).

Figure 17. Favosipora adunca n. sp.: (A) paratype 1 (NHM 2006.7.21.25), partial view of colony; (B) paratype 1, enlargement of fused peristomes of autozooids; (C) holotype (NHM 2006.7.21.24), brood chamber; (D) holotype, enlargement of brood chamber, showing oeciostome (top, right of centre); (E) paratype 4 (YPM-38559), detail of brood-chamber formation, showing granulated floor and struts of calcification that will contribute to covering; (F) paratype 4, enlargement of kenozooidal openings. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 200 Mm (B, D, E); 500 Mm (C); 100 Mm (F).