Branchiosyllis belchiori, Nascimento & Fukuda & Paiva, 2019

Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi & Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, 2019, Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4568 (2), pp. 307-322 : 309-313

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0BC795AD-00AE-4B61-82F8-57A912552497

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944542

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA8AB4BD-B59B-4C3B-A418-D89D19439CF4

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA8AB4BD-B59B-4C3B-A418-D89D19439CF4

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Branchiosyllis belchiori
status

sp. nov.

Branchiosyllis belchiori View in CoL sp. nov.

Figures 2–5 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 ; Table 1

Type series. Holotype: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay , Ilha dos Frades (12°46’47”S, 38°37’11”W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea : ( MNRJP1430 ) GoogleMaps . Paratypes: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay , Ilha dos Frades (12°46’47”S, 38°37’11”W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea : four paratypes ( MNRJP1431 MNRJP1434 ) coll. R. Dias, 16. Nov. 2015. Morphological data from specimens of the type series provided in Table 1 GoogleMaps .

Additional Material. Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay, Ilha dos Frades (12°46’47”S, 38°37’11”W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea : 6 specimens (MNRJP1436), coll. R. Dias, 16. Nov. 2015; state of Pernambuco , Fernando de Noronha Island, Buraco da Raquel (3°50’11”S, 32°20’34”W), 0.5 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea : 2 specimens ( MNRJP1437 ), coll. R. Nascimento, 21. April GoogleMaps . 2016.

Description. Holotype complete, 4 mm long, 0.32 mm wide, with 42 segments ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B; 3A; Table 1). Longest specimen analysed paratype 1, 5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 48 segments ( Table 1). Body subcylindrical ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B; 3A). Live specimens pigmented, dorsally with brownish spots on prostomium and alternating chaetigers with no pigmentation and chaetigers with brown transverse stripes interrupted in the center, forming dark spots on each side ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B, D–E; 3A); orange colored in ventral view, organized in thin bands more concentrated in the mouth region and becoming sparser and clearer towards proventricle ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ). Color pattern preserved in specimens maintained in 92% ethanol. Distally rounded palps, fused only at bases ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–C; 3A). Prostomium subpentagonal to ovate, with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement ( Figs 2B View FIGURE 2 ; 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, with 10–11 articles each; median antenna inserted between and slightly anteriorly to anterior pair of eyes, slightly posteriorly to lateral ones, of similar size as lateral antennae, longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, with 9–12 articles ( Figs 2B View FIGURE 2 ; 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Peristomium dorsally inconspicuous, covered by chaetiger 1 ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); dorsal peristomial cirri longer than median antenna, with 19–23 articles each ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B; 3A), proportionally longer in juveniles ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ); ventral peristomial cirri shorter than dorsal ones, with 10–12 articles each ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ; Table 1). Chaetiger 1 with a mid-dorsal projection over peristomium and prostomium ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Dorsal cirri on chaetiger 1 with 15–17 articles each; on chaetiger 2 with 12–15, on chaetiger 3 with 17–20 articles, on chaetiger 4 with 10–13 articles, and on chaetiger 5 with 13–16 articles each ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); dorsal cirri slightly alternating in length in remaining chaetigers, longer cirri with 17 articles, shorter cirri with 12 articles ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B; 3A; 5A). Ventral cirri digitiform, inserted at midlength of parapodial lobes, extending until tip of parapodial lobes or slightly beyond ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Parapodia distally bilobed, pre-chetal lobe larger than post-chaetal one, both digitiform ( Figs 3B, C View FIGURE 3 ; 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Single branchia per parapodium, dorsally inserted close to base of parapodial lobes, well developed; ovate to pyriform, slightly flattened ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 B–C; 4A–B; 5A). Compound chaetae as ungulae only, regular falcigers absent; anterior body with 3–4 ungulae per parapodium; midbody with 3–5, posterior body with 2–3 ungulae per parapodium ( Table 1); ungulae with shafts subdistally slightly spinulated ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 C–D), shafts progressively thicker ventralwards throughout body ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 D–F); blades unidentate with dorsoventral gradation in length, ventralmost ungulae larger and slightly thicker than dorsalmost ones throughout ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 D–F; 5B–D). Parapodia with only one acicula each, straight, slightly inflated and oblique subdistally, with acute, rounded tip slightly protruding from parapodial lobes; aciculae progressively thicker towards posterior body ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 G–I). Pygidium semicircular, with two articulated anal cirri slightly longer than posterior dorsal cirri ( Fig. 2D,E View FIGURE 2 ), lost in most examined specimens. Pharynx slightly thinner than proventricle, through 3.5 segments ( Table 1); conical pharyngeal tooth close to anterior border ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Proventricle through three segments, with 24–26 rows of muscle cells ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–C; 3B; Table 1).

Reproduction. One specimen with 40 chaetigers was found with attached pigmented acephalous stolon, 0.61 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, with 6–7 chaetigers ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ). In addition, some juveniles were found ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ), suggesting that the species completes its life cycle, or spends most of it, within the sponge.

Remarks. Branchiosyllis belchiori sp. nov. resembles B. australis Hartmann-Schröder, 1981 , B. lamellifera Verrill, 1900 , B. oculata Ehlers, 1887 , B. pacifica Rioja, 1941 , and B. tamandarensis by the presence of branchiae and only ungulae as compound chaetae throughout the body. Branchiosyllis australis has been reported from Western Australia and the Philippines; B. pacifica has been reported from the Eastern Tropical Pacific ( Mexico), whereas both B. lamellifera and B. oculata occur in the North Atlantic region, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, respectively ( Table 2). Branchiosyllis tamandarensis is the only of those species described from the South Atlantic, specifically from the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, and to date is only known from the original description.

Branchiosyllis belchiori sp. nov. differs from all species mentioned above in the characteristic color pattern, in the size and shape of body, length of pharynx and proventricle, in the unique shape of branchiae, and the number of ungulae per parapodium ( Table 2). Branchiosyllis pacifica lacks distinctive color pattern, B. oculata , B. tamandarensis , B. lamellifera and B. australis have uniform color pattern; in contrast, B. belchiori sp. nov. has brownish spots dorsally on the prostomium, and alternates chaetigers with no pigmentation and chaetigers with brown transverse stripes interrupted in the center, forming dark spots on each side ( Table 2). Specimens of B. australis , B. lamellifera , B. oculata , B. pacifica , and B. tamandarensis have longer and wider bodies than B. belchiori sp. nov., including larger pharynx and proventricle ( Table 2). Branchiosyllis lamellifera , B. pacifica , and B. tamandarensis have multilobed branchiae with up to three, four, and six lobes, respectively; B. oculata branchiae are dome-shaped or slightly flattened, and in B. australis , branchiae are small, nearly inconspicuous.

Branchiosyllis View in CoL Branchiosyllis belchiori View in CoL Branchiosyllis gonzaguinhai View in CoL Branchiosyllis Branchiosyllis Branchiosyllis View in CoL Branchiosyllis australis View in CoL sp. nov. sp. nov. lamellifera View in CoL oculata View in CoL pacifica View in CoL tamandarensis Hartmann-Schröder, Paresque et al. Original View in CoL description This paper This paper Verrill, 1900 Ehlers, 1887 Rioja, 1941 1981 2016 Pawlik, (1983) (as B. Rioja (1941) and Additional San Martín et al. oculata View in CoL ) and none none Uebelacker Capa (2003) none descriptions (2008) Álvarez-Campos et (1984) al. (2012) Holotype with brownish spots Alternating chaetigers on prostomium and dark spots with brown transversal Yellowish, brown, on each side of the segments, Uniformly light stripes interrupted in the purple, depending on Uniformly dark Yellowish to Color pattern in the base of the cirrophores. Absent brown center, with dark spots on the sponge in which (brown to black) orange Other specimens less each side and the specimens dwell pigmented or without unpigmented chaetigers pigmentation Length (mm) 100 5 4.6 20 21 8.5 5.5 Width (mm) 0.8 0.3 0.40 2 2.8 1.5 0.8 Peristomium Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Dorsally reduced Number of 92 (+11 stolon) 48 52 140 112 71 52 chaetigers Very small and Dome or slightly Shape of branchiae Ovate to piriform Up to five lobes Up to three lobes Up to four lobes Up to six lobes without pigment flattened Number of anterior/posterior 4–6 / 3–2 3–6 / 2–3 4–5 / 4–6 3 / 3 3–5 / 3–5 2–4 / 2–4 4–6 / 2–3 ungulae Pharynx length (number of 5 3.5 5 9 6 5–7 5 segments) Proventricle length (number of 6–7 3 4 9 8 4–5 3.5–5 segments) Number of muscle cell rows in 26–30 24–27 24 30 22 22 25–30 proventricle Associated with the Sponges, algae, On and within Sand, algae, Coral rubble, On and within Habitat sponge Haliclona On View in CoL and within sponges coral rubble sponges coral rubble algae sponges caerulea Only View in CoL known Caribbean Sea from type Brazil (Todos os Santos Eastern Tropical Western Australia, Brazil (Fernando de Noronha Bermuda, Gulf of (Florida, Cuba, locality. South Distribution Bay, Fernando de Pacific ( Mexico, Philippines Island and Rocas Atoll) Mexico Mexico, Atlantic (states Noronha Island) Panama) Venezuela) of Paraíba and Pernambuco)

Habitat. Species found in association with the sponge Haliclona caerulea ( Hechtel, 1965) View in CoL . Infestation was accomplished by few specimens in a small sponge fragment (2–5 cm ³ in volume). The collection methods prevented us to confirm whether this association is species-specific.

Distribution. South Atlantic, Brazil: states of Bahia (Todos os Santos Bay) and Pernambuco (Fernando de Noronha Island).

Etymology. Named after Antônio Carlos Belchior (stage name Belchior), a remarkable Brazilian popular singer and songwriter (02.Oct.1946 — 30.April.2017) who has amazed and inspired generations with his talent, and who is the first author’s favorite artist.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Order

Phyllodocida

Family

Syllidae

SubFamily

Syllinae

Genus

Branchiosyllis

Loc

Branchiosyllis belchiori

Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi & Paiva, Paulo Cesar De 2019
2019
Loc

Branchiosyllis belchiori

Nascimento & Fukuda & Paiva 2019
2019
Loc

Branchiosyllis gonzaguinhai

Nascimento & Fukuda & Paiva 2019
2019
Loc

Branchiosyllis australis

Nascimento & Fukuda & Paiva 2019
2019
Loc

Branchiosyllis belchiori

Nascimento & Fukuda & Paiva 2019
2019
Loc

Haliclona caerulea (

Hechtel 1965
1965
Loc

pacifica

Rioja 1941
1941
Loc

lamellifera

Verrill 1900
1900
Loc

Branchiosyllis

Ehlers 1887
1887
Loc

Branchiosyllis Branchiosyllis Branchiosyllis

Ehlers 1887
1887
Loc

oculata

Ehlers 1887
1887
Loc

oculata

Ehlers 1887
1887
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