Dichorragia nesimachus

Lee, Young June, 2009, Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species, Zootaxa 2169, pp. 1-20 : 15

Dichorragia nesimachus ( Doyère, [1840])

( Fig. 15 )

Adolias nesimachus Doyère , [1840]: pl. 139 [Type locality: the Himalayas].

Adolias nesimachus Boisduval , [1846]: explic, pl. 139.

Dichorragia nesimachus: Kim and Mi, 1956: 397 (neshimachus [sic]); Seok, 1973: 142 (neshimachus [sic]); Lee, 1982: 72; Chou, 1994: 457; Lee, 2005: 27.

Dichorragia nesimachus nesiotes Fruhstorfer, 1903: 23 [Type locality: Japan]; Doi, 1919: 122 (first record from Korea); Nakayama, 1932: 379; Mori et al., 1934: 31; Seok, 1939b: 108; Inomata, 1982: xvii; Okano, 1998: 6 (nesiomachus [sic]).

Dichorragia nesimachus koreana Shimagami, 2000: 26 [Type locality: Mt. Yeonhwa, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea].

Dichorragia nesimachus chejuensis Shimagami, 2000: 27 [Type locality: Kwanumsa, Cheju-do, Korea].

Subspecies. The populations in mainland Korea are considered to belong to subsp. koreana, while those on Jejudo Is. are considered to belong to subsp. chejuensis, both described by Shimagami (2000), until which the name nesiotes had been widely used for the populations in the Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands.

Adult. Active from early May to late June and mid July to mid September (two broods). Males are often found on the ground near streams, and they are also seen feeding on decomposing organisms or fermenting sap fluid of oak trees. In the afternoon, they move to mountain peaks or ridges to sit on trees and engage in hilltopping. Females are attracted to fermenting fluids, especially fluxes issuing from oak trees.

Larval host plants. Meliosma myriantha Siebold and Zucc. of the Sabiaceae ( Fig. 15 ) and Ficus spp. of the Moraceae ( Kim 1965) .

Life cycle. Not documented for the Korean populations. Usually pupae hibernate on shrubs near the food plants.

Distribution. Southern Korea (including Jejudo Is., some adjacent islands of southern provinces, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do), China, Taiwan, Japan, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia and northern India.

Figures

FIGURES 14 – 15. Larvae of Sasakia charonda and Dichorragia nesimachus. 14. A 4 th instar larva of Sasakia charonda (Hewitson) hibernating on the underside of a fallen leaf, Gwangneung, Korea, 16 March 2005; 15. An ultimate instar larva of Dichorragia nesimachus (Doyère) on a leaf of Meliosma myriantha Siebold and Zucc., Gamagol, Damyang, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 16 July 2005 (photograph provided by Nam Song Kim).