Apaturinae

Lee, Young June, 2009, Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species, Zootaxa 2169, pp. 1-20 : 2-3

Key to the Tribes and Genera of the Korean Apaturinae

1 Horn-like processes on head of ultimate larval instar straight ( Fig. 14 ); adult proboscis yellow ............ 2 (Apaturini)

- Horn-like processes on head of ultimate larval instar curved ( Fig. 15 ); adult proboscis red ........................................ ........................................................................................................................................... Pseudergolini : Dichorragia

2 Discal cells open toward 4th apical cell, without lower disco-cellular vein between bases of M2 and M3 ( Fig. 1 ); forewing without transparent oval membrane; larvae hibernate ( Fig. 14 ) .......................................................................... 3

- Discal cells closed toward 4th apical cell, with a delicate lower disco-cellular vein between bases of M2 and M3 ( Fig. 2 ); forewing with two or three transparent oval membranes near apex ( Fig. 17 ); pupae hibernate .................... Dilipa

3 Ventral surface of adult hind wing with many distinct colorations and markings ...................................................... 4

- Ventral surface of adult hind wing generally concolorous only with a couple of indistinct fasciae ............... Chitoria

4 Adult forewing without orange patches proximal to discal cell; ventral surface of hind wing without or with less than three black spots in discal cell ..................................................................................................................................... 5

- Adult forewing with orange patches in center of discal cell ( Fig. 6 ); ventral surface of hind wing with three black spots in discal cell ............................................................................................................................................. Sephisa

5 Adult male with purple or blue structural color on dorsal surface of both wings; hind wing vein Sc+R1 very short, shorter than vein Rs ( Fig. 1 ); ventral surface of hind wing with two minute but distinct round black spots in discal cell .................................................................................................................................................................... Apatura

- Adult with no distinctive structural color on the wings; hind wing vein Sc+R1 longer than vein Rs; ventral surface of hind wing without round spots in discal cell ............................................................................................................... 6

6 Both wings basically whitish with many blackish stripes along veins ( Figs. 3 , 12–13 ); discal cell of dorsal surface of hind wing white without markings ..................................................................................................................... Hestina

- Characters not as above ............................................................................................................................................... 7

7 Dorsal part of adult thorax with three whitish longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 4 ); wings with markings of various colors.... ........................................................................................................................................................................... Sasakia

- Dorsal part of adult thorax without whitish longitudinal stripes; dorsal surface of both wings black (or dark brown in aged specimens) with white markings ( Figs. 5 , 16 ).................................................................................... Mimathyma

Figures

FIGURES 14 – 15. Larvae of Sasakia charonda and Dichorragia nesimachus. 14. A 4 th instar larva of Sasakia charonda (Hewitson) hibernating on the underside of a fallen leaf, Gwangneung, Korea, 16 March 2005; 15. An ultimate instar larva of Dichorragia nesimachus (Doyère) on a leaf of Meliosma myriantha Siebold and Zucc., Gamagol, Damyang, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 16 July 2005 (photograph provided by Nam Song Kim).

FIGURES 1 – 2. Wing venation of males of Apatura iris and Dilipa fenestra of Apaturinae. 1. Apatura iris (Linnaeus); 2. Dilipa fenestra (Leech) (adapted from Chou (1998 )).

FIGURES 16 – 17. Males of Mimathyma schrenckii and Dilipa fenestra puddling on wet ground. 16. Mimathyma schrenckii (Ménétriès), Mt. Jaeansan, Korea, 7 July 2006; 17. Dilipa fenestra (Leech), Gwangneung, Korea, 13 May 2004.

FIGURES 3 – 10. Male specimens of eight species of the Korean Apaturinae. 3. Hestina japonica (Felder and Felder) (summer brood); 4. Sasakia charonda (Hewitson); 5. Mimathyma nycteis (Ménétriès); 6. Sephisa princeps (Fixsen); 7. Chitoria ulupi (Doherty); 8. Apatura ilia (Denis and Schiffermüller); 9. Apatura metis Freyer; 10. Apatura iris (Linnaeus).

FIGURES 12 – 13. Males of Hestina japonica and Hestina assimilis puddling on wet ground. 12. Hestina japonica (Felder and Felder) (spring brood), Gwangneung, Korea, 13 May 2004; 13. Hestina assimilis (Linnaeus) (spring brood), Gwangneung, Korea, 31 May 2004.