Dasyhelea andensis Ingram and Macfie

Díaz, Florentina, Spinelli, Gustavo R., Donato, Mariano & Ronderos, María M., 2014, A taxonomic revision of the Patagonian species of the Dasyhelea mutabilis species group with a phylogenetic analysis of New World species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (35 - 36), pp. 2117-2175 : 2129-2133

Dasyhelea andensis Ingram and Macfie

( Figures 2 , 18A,B , 20 )

Dasyhelea andensis Ingram and Macfie, 1931: 180 (male, Argentina); Wirth, 1974: 16 (in catalogue of south USA species); Spinelli and Wirth, 1993: 29 (in list; Argentina); Borkent and Wirth, 1997: 51 (in World catalogue); Spinelli, 1998: 325 (in list; Argentina); Borkent and Spinelli, 2000: 24 (in New World catalogue south of USA); Borkent and Spinelli, 2007: 59 (in Neotropical catalogue); Borkent, 2014: 60 (in online World catalogue).

Diagnosis

Only species of Dasyhelea in Patagonia with the following combination of characters: male with posterolateral arms of aedeagus divided, posteromedian projection of aedeagus stout, tapering slightly at apex to triangular, simple tip, and W/L ratio 1.67–1.87. Female with subgenital plate rounded with broad, rounded lumen, the posteromedian projection bifurcate and posterolateral arms stout, apices recurved; scutum and legs dark brown and tarsi progressively infuscated.

Redescription of male. Similar to female with usual sexual differences. Antennal flagellum as in Figure 2A . Palpus ( Figure 2B ) brown; segment 3 bearing scattered sensilla on mesobasal surface; PR 4.20–5.00 (4.46, n = 9). Scutellum with 7–8 large, 2–3 thinner setae. Wing ( Figure 18B ) length 0.75–1.20 (0.94, n = 10) mm, width 0.24– 0.33 (0.28, n = 10) mm; CR 0.40–0.45 (0.42, n = 10). Genitalia ( Figure 2C ): tergite 9 rounded distally, reaching level of apex of gonocoxites, apicolateral process slender, with subapical seta; cercus very short with 2–3 setae; sternite 9 ( Figure 2D ) 0.6 length of greatest width, posteromedian projection reaching half of total length of aedeagus, apex folded, heavily sclerotized. Gonocoxite stout, 1.9 × longer than greatest width, with short anteromedian process directed anteromesad; gonostylus 0.9 length of gonocoxite, base wide, tapering abruptly distally, apex slightly broader, tip pointed, slightly hooked. Paramere and gonocoxal apodemes ( Figure 2E ) forming an asymmetrical structure; gonocoxal apodemes conspicuous, with stout subbasal tooth; right apodeme slightly contacting paramere, left broadly fused with paramere, latter stout, simple with blunt rounded tip reaching subapical portion of aedeagus. Aedeagus 0.9 length of greatest width, W/L ratio 1.67–1.87 (1.79, n = 10); anterior margin nearly straight, basal arms short, slightly recurved, directed anterolaterad; posterolateral arms divided, inner portion slender, tips recurved anterad; posteromedian projection stout, tapering slightly distally to triangular, simple tip.

Description of female. Head dark brown. Eyes contiguous for distance of width of 1–2 ommatidia. Antennal flagellum ( Figure 2F ) dark brown; AR 0.86–0.96 (0.92, n = 10). Clypeus ( Figure 2G ) with 4–5 pairs of setae. Palpus ( Figure 2H ) pale brown; segment 3 with 2–3 subbasal capitate sensilla; PR 4.00–5.00 (4.42, n = 10).

Thorax. Scutum dark brown; scutellum with 6–7 large, 3–4 thinner setae. Femora, tibiae dark brown, tarsi progressively infuscated; apex of hind tibia with 6 spines; foreleg TR 1.81–1.93 (1.86, n = 10), midleg TR 1.93–2.20 (2.06, n = 10), hind leg TR 1.90–2.12 (2.02, n = 10). Wing ( Figure 18A ) length 0.72–0.96 (0.85, n = 10), width 0.33–0.45 (0.37, n = 10) mm; CR 0.38–0.44 (0.41, n = 10); membrane hyaline, densely covered with macrotrichia; radial cells obliterated; cubital fork at level of midlength of second radial cell. Haltere dark brown, knob base whitish.

Abdomen. Dark brown. Subgenital plate ( Figure 2I ) circular, with broad, ovoid lumen; posteromedian projection bifurcate; posterolateral arms stout, curved. Spermatheca ( Figure 2J ) spherical, diameter 36 µm, neck very short, straight, measuring 6 µm.

Distribution ( Figure 20 )

Argentina (La Pampa, Neuquen, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego) , Chile (Arauco, Malleco, Cautin, Llanquihue, Aisen) .

Type material

Holotype male, Argentina, Río Negro prov., lago Gutiérrez , 3–14 November 1926, F. and M. Edwards (examined, BMNH).

Other specimens examined

Argentina, La Pampa prov., General Acha , 22 November 1984, J. A. Downes, sweep net, 1 female ( JAD 1646 /1) ( CNCI) . Neuquen prov., 16 km south of San Martín de los Andes , 27 November 1984, G. Spinelli, 2 males ( MLPA) ; same data except 4 February 1986, G. Spinelli, 3 females ( MLPA) ; río Malleo y salida a Primeros Pinos , 7 February 1986, G. Spinelli, 2 males ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Lanin, Hua-Hum , 11 February 1989, G. Spinelli, 1 female, sweep net ( MLPA) ; lago Aluminé , 22 December 1996 / 3 January 1997, G. Spinelli, 2 males, 1 female, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Paimún, arroyo Rucaleufú , 18 February 1994, G. Spinelli, 1 male, 2 females ( MLPA) ; El Cholar , 1225 m, 24 February 2001, G. Spinelli, 1 male ( MLPA) . Río Negro prov., Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, arroyo Blanco y ruta a Tronador , 31 January 1986, G. Spinelli, 2 males, 5 females, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, río Manso , 1 February 1986, G. Spinelli, 2 males, 4 females, sweep net ( MLPA) ; río Manso superior, 41°14′8.1″ S, 71°42′27.3″ W, 845 m, 11/ 30 December 2006, Garré-Montes de Oca, 1 female, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; same data except 7 February / 2 March 2007, 2 males, 1 female ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, río Manso Medio, La Cantera, 41°21′16″ S, 71°4227.3″ W, 764 m, 11/ 30 December 2006, Garré-Montes de Oca , 1 male, 4 females ( MLPA) ; Malaise trap; same date except 15 January / 7 February 2007, 1 male ( MLPA) , 1 male, 1 female ( BMNH) , 1 male, 1 female ( USNM) , 1 male, 1 female ( CNCI) ; extremo sur lago Mascardi , 31 January 1986, G. Spinelli, 4 males, 2 females ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, ruta Cascada de Los Alerces , 24 January 1988, G. Spinelli, 4 males, 2 females ( MLPA) ; 6.5 km east of Cascada de Los Alerces , 14 February 1989, G. Spinelli, 1 male, 1 female, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Puerto Blest , 9 December 1992, G. Spinelli, 1 female, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, lago Villarino , 5 December 1992, G. Spinelli, 3 females ( MLPA) ; meseta de Somuncurá, estancia El Rincón , 27 February 1995, G. Spinelli, 1 male, 5 females, sweep net ( MLPA) ; same data except 26/ 30 December 1995, G. Spinelli, 1 male, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; same data except December 1995, 2 males, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; meseta de Somuncurá, Chipauquil , 27 February 1995, G. Spinelli, 1 male, sweep net ( MLPA) ; ruta Nac. 40 y río Chenqueniyen , 1 December 1999, G. Spinelli, 2 males, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Laguna Puesto de Chapa , 5 December 2006, G. Spinelli, 3 males, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Paraje Chasico , vertiente, 41°08′28″ S, 67°35′43.9″ W, 961 m, 6 December 2006, G. Spinelli, 1 male, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Comi-Co, arroyo Comi-Co, 31 January 1999, P. Marino, 1 female, sweep net ( MLPA) ; Rincón de Comi-Co, 41°08′35.1″ S, 67°27′34.6″ W, 1000 m, 7 December 2006, G. Spinelli, 1 male, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, laguna Los Juncos , 41°03′37.9″ S, 71°00′34.3″ W, 906 m, 12 December 2006, Garré-Montesde Oca, 2 males, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, arroyo Ñireco ( Complejo Chall-huaco ) 41°11′51.9″ S, 71° 19′40.5″ W, 962 m, 20 December 2006 / 23 January 2007, Garré-Montes de Oca , 1 male, 2 females, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, arroyo Llum, 41°16′13.3″ S, 71°30′56.7″ W, 857 m, 4–25 January 2007, Garré-Montes de Oca , 1 male, 1 female, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, arroyo Leon, 40°43′48″ S, 71°08′04″ W, 764 m, 12 December 2007 / 3 January 2008, Garré-Montes de Oca , 1 female, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, arroyo Neuquenco, 40°28′48.3″ S, 71°36′44.1″ W, 809 m, 23 January / 4 February 2008, Garré-Montes de Oca , 3 males, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, río Minero, 40°41′23.5″ S, 71°17′33.2″ W, 832 m, 7–20 February 2008, Garré-Montes de Oca , 3 males, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, río Pichitraful, 40°42′46″ S, 71°47′23″ W, 789 m, 14 December 2007 / 3 January 2008, 2 males, Garré-Montes de Oca , Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; same data except 4–23 February 2008, 11 males, 1 female ( MLPA) . Chubut prov., 35 km east of Esquel , 720 m, 18 November 1966, Schlinger-Irwin, 1 male ( MLPA) ; Esquel , laguna Z, 19 January 1988, G. Spinelli, 2 females, sweep net ( MLPA) ; lago Fontana , 12 December 1995, G. Spinelli, 2 males, 4 females, sweep net ( MLPA) ; meseta de Sierra Cuadrada, estancia Don Eduardo , 1 December 1996, G. Spinelli, 2 males, 1 female, at light ( MLPA) ; same data except 1–2 December 1996, 5 males, 3 females, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Volcán Piedra Parada, Monte Sarmiento , 42°34′8.57″ S, 70°04′34.4″ W, 580 m, 26 February 2009, G. Spinelli, 1 male, sweep net ( MLPA) . Santa Cruz prov., lago del Desierto , 9 December 1996, G. Spinelli, 2 females, sweep net ( MLPA) . Tierra del Fuego prov., estancia Harberton , January– February 2006, M. L. Pagnosin, 4 males, 6 females, at light ( MLPA) .

Chile, Arauco prov., Pata de Gallina , 7 December 2003, G. Spinelli, 1 female, sweep net ( MLPA) . Malleco prov., Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta , 26 December 1984, J. A. Downes, 2 males, sweep net ( JAD 1682 /2) ( CNCI) , same data except, 27 December 1984, J. A. Dow nes, 2 males, 2 females ( JAD 1683 /1) ( CNCI) . Cautin prov., Fundo San Martín , 16 December 1984, J. A. Downes, 1 male ( JAD 1670 /1), 1 female ( JAD 1670 /2), sweep net ( CNCI) . Llanquihue prov., Puerto Mont , 1 January 1985, J. A. Downes, 1 male, 1 female, sweep net ( JAD 1688 /3) ( CNCI) ; same date except, 1 male ( JAD 1688 /4) ; Parque Nacional Vicente Perez Rosales, Casa Pangue , 41°02′55″ S, 71°52′31.2″ W, 366 m, 18 February 2008, M. Donato, 2 males, sweep net ( MLPA) ; río Peulla , 41°02′55″ S, 71°52′31.2″ W, 366 m, 18 February 2008, M. Donato, 1 male, Malaise trap ( MLPA) ; Aisen prov., 8 km west Chile Chico , 540 m, 22 November 1966, Schlinger-Irwin, 1 female ( MLPA) .

Phylogenetic relationships

Dasyhelea andensis with D. carlae , D. lacustris and D. macfiei form a polytomy supported by the synapomorphy ‘W/L ratio’ [character 9]. Despite the fact that D. andensis did not possess an autapomorphy; it is clearly differentiated from the other Patagonian species in this clade by the combination of characters presented in the diagnosis.

Remarks

We provide the first description and illustrations of the female of D. andensis .

Figures

Figure 2. Dasyhelea andensis Ingram and Macfie: (A–E) male, (F–J) female. (A, F) Flagellomeres. (B, H) Palpus. (C) Genitalia, ventral view. (D) Sternite 9. (E) Paramere and gonocoxal apodemes. (G) Clypeus. (I) Subgenital plate, ventral view. (J) Spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 18. Photographs of wings. (A, B) Dasyhelea andensis Ingram and Macfie: (A) female, (B) male. (C, D) Dasyhelea carlae Díaz and Spinelli sp. nov.: (C) female, (D) male. (E, F) Dasyhelea ingrami Díaz and Spinelli sp.nov.: (E) female, (F) male. (G, H) Dasyhelea lacustris Ingram and Macfie: (G) female, (H) male. (I, J) Dasyhelea macfiei Díaz and Spinelli sp. nov.: (I) female, (J) male. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 20. Distribution map of Dasyhelea andensis, Dasyhelea lacustris, Dasyhelea tehuelche and Dasyhelea yamana.