Petrosia (Petrosia) revizee, Rocha & Moraes & Salani & Hajdu, 2021

Rocha, Lívia, Moraes, Fernando, Salani, Sula & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2021, Taxonomy of Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 (Haplosclerida, Porifera) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5004 (2), pp. 251-287 : 267-271

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.2

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1B2F144-2B51-4079-ACB5-6D78B38B32E7

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385D87B7-FFBE-F87D-2D94-FC45FC75FDE0

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Petrosia (Petrosia) revizee
status

sp. nov.

Petrosia (Petrosia) revizee View in CoL sp. nov.

( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 4 View FIGURE 4 ; Tab. 4–5)

Holotype. Brazil, Bahia State, MNRJ 22190 View Materials , Station 14 R (Hotspur Seamount, REVIZEE/ Central SCORE, Campaign 5, 17.80000º S – 35.87500º W), 60 m depth, Col. N / Rb. Astro Garoupa, 2001.8.7 GoogleMaps . Paratypes (8 specimens). Brazil, Bahia State: MNRJ 2652 View Materials , Boião (beacon signalling) off Farol da Barra (13.00000º S, 38.51667º W, Salvador), 16 m depth, Col. E. Hajdu et al., 1999.8.8; MNRJ 10575 View Materials , Boião (beacon signalling) off Farol da Barra (13.00000º S, 38.51667º W, Salvador), depth not recorded, Col. E. Hajdu, 2007.12.12; MNRJ 13119 View Materials , Boião (beacon signaling) off Farol da Barra (13.00000º S, 38.51667º W, Salvador), 15.8 m depth, Col. E. Hajdu & C. Castello-Branco, 2009.6.3. REVIZEE/ Central-SCORE, Col. N / Rb. Astro Garoupa: MNRJ 3274 View Materials A, Station 15 R (Hotspur Seamount, Campaign 2, 18.02306º S, 35.89111º W), 60 m depth, 1997.11.13; MNRJ 4461 View Materials , Station 14 R (Hotspur Seamount, Campaign 5, 17.80000º S, 35.87500º W), 60 m depth, Col. N / Rb. Astro Garoupa, 2001.8.7; MNRJ 4675 View Materials , Station 2 R (off Ponta de Castelhanos , Campaign 5, 13.64611º S, 38.74194º W, Morro de São Paulo , Cairu), 55 m depth, 2001.7.2; MNRJ 4793 View Materials , 4851 View Materials , Station 7 R (Royal Charlotte Bank, Campaign 5, 16.11694º S, 38.17000º W), 40 m depth, 2001.6.30; Espírito Santo State, MNRJ 4897 View Materials , Station 20 R (off Barra Seca, Campaign 5, 19.27194º S, 38.01889º W, Abrolhos Bank), 67 m depth, 2001.6.28 GoogleMaps . Additional Material (14 specimens). Pernambuco State: UFRJPOR 4043, Tamandaré, Biquara Reef (8.75000º S, 35.08333º W), depth not recorded, Col. G. Muricy, 1996.3.9 GoogleMaps . Alagoas State: MNRJ 17022 View Materials (= UFAL POR 0832 ), Marechal Deodoro, Cabeço da Pequena (9.76667º S, 35.83333º W), 18 m depth, Col. M.D. Correia, 2012.2.19 GoogleMaps . All of the following—REVIZEE/ Central-SCORE, Col. N / Rb. Astro Garoupa : Bahia State (REVIZEE): MNRJ 3117 View Materials B, 3225A, Station 11 R (Rodger Bank, Campaign 2, 17.06011º S, 36.80806º W), 50 m depth, 1997.11.14 GoogleMaps . Off Espírito Santo State (REVIZEE): MNRJ 4672 View Materials , Station 42 R (Columbia Seamount, Campaign 5, 20.73806º S, 31.82806º W), 85 m depth, 2001.7.11 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 4882 View Materials , Station 17 R (off Itaúnas, Campaign 5, 18.66306º S, 37.87000º W), 65 m depth, 2001.6.29 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 4928 View Materials , Station 25 R (off Linhares, Campaign 5, 19.52694º S, 38.76806º W), 65 m depth, 2001.6.28 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 4948 View Materials , 5020 View Materials , Station 17 R (off Itaúnas, Campaign 5, 18.66306º S, 37.87000º W), 65 m depth, 2001.6.29 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 6572 View Materials , 6574 View Materials , Station C44 (off Guarapari, Campaign 6, 20.63306º S, 40.02500º W), 54 m depth, 2002.6.14 GoogleMaps . Off Rio de Janeiro State, Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE): MNRJ 5981 View Materials , 5973 View Materials C, Station Y2 ( Campaign 6, 22.38222º S, 37.58750º W), 270 m depth, 2002.7.12 GoogleMaps ; MNRJ 6595 View Materials , Station Y2 ( Campaign 6, 22.38194º S, 37.58806º W), 270 m depth, 2002.6.12 GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. This is the only Western Tropical Atlantic Petrosia (P.) with two, and only two well-differentiated categories of oxeas, being also devoid of any microsclere categories.

External Morphology. Massive to ramose, with thick lobes. Holotype with 16.5 x 9.8 x 3.4 cm ( Fig. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ). Smooth and irregular surface. Oscules rounded (1–4 mm diam.), dispersed over the entire surface, slightly raised or leveled with it. Some specimens presented a single terminal oscule at each lobe (4–8 mm diam.). Texture rough to the touch. Consistency firm, slightly compressible, elastic or hard and incompressible. Color in vivo and after collection, pink, red-wine, light-brown or white; sometimes showing red-wine or purple tinges near the oscules. In alcohol the color varies among orange-beige, brown (both with cream interior) and red-wine.

Skeleton. Ectosomal, a reticulated architecture of dense multispicular tracts in tangential section (25–165 µm thick), specially of oxeas I, forming rounded/polygonal meshes (130–255 µm wide), with oxeas II less abundant, and usually occurring among tracts ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). In transverse section, perpendicular choanosomal spicule tracts pierce the ectosome, translating in a hispid texture of the sponge ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). The subectosomal region carries abundant justaposed lacunae (290–390 µm wide). Choanosomal, an anastomosing isotropic reticulation of dense multispicular tracts (50–390 µm thick), composed mainly by oxeas I, forming oval to rectangular meshes (575–620 µm wide), with oxeas II usually echinating the tracts ( Fig. 4D; E View FIGURE 4 ). Some specimens show meshes parallel to the surface (e.g. MNRJ 4851, 4897, 17022). Loose oxeas, of both size classes, are found among spicule tracts, as is abundant spongin and foreign material (e.g. sand grains).

Spicules. Oxeas in two size classes. Oxeas I ( Fig. 4F, H View FIGURE 4 ), smooth, slender, slightly curved with usually rounded ends, but sometimes telescopic or mucronate, 102–206 (25)–305/ 5–7 (1.4)– 19.4 µm. Oxeas II ( Fig. 4G, I View FIGURE 4 ; Table 4), resembling the former, but smaller and less abundant, 39–68 (10)–97/ 5–5 (0.4)– 15 µm.

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Ecology. Petrosia (P.) revizee sp. nov. occurs at 16–270 m depth, over rhodolith beds, corals, mud and gravel bottoms. Paratype MNRJ 2652 showed associated cirripeds, ophiuroids and algae.

Etymology. The specific epithet is used as a noun in apposition, and recognizes the importance of Program REVIZEE, promoted by the Brazilian government to assess the sustainable catch limits in the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone. Thousands of sponge samples were deposited in the MNRJ collection then, mostly dredged and trawled on the country’s continental shelf and slope.

Type locality. Hotspur Seamount, off Bahia State. Additional distribution. Provisional Brazilian endemic, so far known from the States of Pernambuco (depth not recorded), Alagoas (18 m) , Bahia (15.8–67 m) , Espírito Santo (50–85 m) and off Rio de Janeiro (270 m) .

Taxonomic Remarks. There are five species of Petrosia (Petrosia) known in the Western Tropical Atlantic ( Table 5). None of these has two, and only two well-differentiated categories of oxeas, being also devoid of any microsclere categories.

Given the current state of flux in haplosclerid classification, where departure from monospecificity often implies polyphyletism, we found it appropriate to compare this new species in particular, with Neopetrosia proxima , as both share some morphological traits which initially misguided our identification. Both genera are supposed to have distinct ectosomal architectures—“They differ especially in their ectosomal skeleton and the size categories of their spicules” ( Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine 2002)—but overall, the images illustrating the ectosomes of N. proxima ( Figs 2C–D View FIGURE 2 ) and of P. (P.) revizee sp. nov. ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ) bear a remarkable resemblance. In order to match the diagnosis for Neopetrosia ectosomes, architectures should bear fine brushes of oxeas issued from subectosomal tracts, a remark that does not easily contrast to what is said about Petrosia , namely, that their ectosome should bear a triangular or polygonal reticulation of spicule tracts or single spicules, usually echinated at the nodes or along the tracts by a smaller category of spicules. In case of doubt, one usually resorts to an identification key, and Des-

......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page queyroux-Faúndez & Valentine’s (2002) happens to contrast Neopetrosia and P. ( Petrosia ) in terms slightly different from those presented in both (sub)genera’s diagnoses. The ectosome of the former is classified as a tangential network with isodictyal meshes of single spicules, and free spicules at the nodal points, and that of the latter, as a tangential network with rounded regular meshes and free spicules. The main difference as far as the ectosome goes rests on the possession of isodictyal vs rounded meshes respectively. It seems, nevertheless, that the sorting of Neopetrosia is resting too much on the unispicular isodictyal reticulation of its type species, and not accounting for the variability exhibited in additional species assigned to this genus, as outlined by Santos et al. (2016). Given this rationale, we have opted to focus on the new species’ possession of two clearly distinguishable categories of oxeas, and in the fact that the smaller of these appears to be preferably echinating the bundles, to justify its assignment to Petrosia instead of Neopetrosia . In spite of both species referred to above possessing similar ectosomal architectures, they can be easily distinguished on the basis of spicule morphology, categories and arrangement. Therefore, we feel confident that P. (P.) revizee sp. nov. is indeed a new species.

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

UFAL

Universidade Federal de Alagoas

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