Drosophila percnosoma Hardy

Lapoint, Richard T., Magnacca, Karl N. & O’Grady, Patrick M., 2009, Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species, Zootaxa 2003, pp. 53-68 : 63-64

Drosophila percnosoma Hardy

Figure 2 e

Drosophila percnosoma Hardy, 1965: 410 –412

Drosophila septuosa Hardy, 1965:410 –412, syn. nov.

Diagnosis. A large (~ 4 mm) species. The mouthparts and palpi are dark brown to black, along with the other features of the head. Tibia densely setose on posterior surface without setae longer than the tibial spur (see Fig. 2 e). Femora are dark brown while the rest of the leg is yellow. The thorax is a dark brown to black. The wings are subhyaline with a faint infuscation of brown at the apical portion of the wing (see Fig. 3 e). The abdomen is dark brown to black.

Types. HAWAI‘I: Holotype ɗ (BPBM 6419) Upper Ōla‘a Forest, viii.1958, DEH. Allotype Ψ (BPBM 6419a) same collection as holotype ( Evenhuis 1982).

D. septuosa Type: Holotype ɗ (BPBM 6443) Kīlauea, viii.1958, JWB ( Evenhuis 1982).

Material Examined. HAWAI‘I: 27 ɗ have been studied from the BPBM from the following localities: ɗ, Glenwood, iii.1919, OHS; 1 ɗ 29 mi Ōla‘a, viii.1925, WMG; 3 ɗ, Stainback Highway, Tom's Trail, 3200', x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; 5 ɗ, Hionamoa Stream, Ka‘ū Forest, x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; ɗ, Kīpuka 9, Kaūmana Trail, x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; 4 ɗ, Ōla‘a Forest, x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; 4 ɗ, from Pu‘u Huluhulu, x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; 5 ɗ, Laupāhoehoe, 3700', x.2006, KNM, RTL, GMB; 3 ɗ, Ōla‘a Forest, Tr 18 ii.2006, KNM. Over 70 ɗ have been deposited in the UHIM from the following localities: 4 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, viii.1952, WCM; 15 ɗ, Kīlauea, viii.1958, JWB; 24 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, viii.1952, DEH, WCM; 3 ɗ, Kahuku Ranch, vii.1953, DEH; ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, vii.1953, DEH, WCM; 2 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, viii.1956, DEH; ɗ, Keauhou Ranch, Kīlauea, viii.1953, DEH; ɗ, Pauahi 4300', Kīlauea, vii.1952, DEH; 7 ɗ, Lower Ōla‘a Forest, vii.1964, LHT; 2 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, vii.1964, LHT; 4 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, ix.1964, HTS; 4 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, vi.1966, WBH; 2 ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, vii.1963, WBH; 3 ɗ, Nāpau Crater, Kīlauea, vii.1956, DEH; ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, vii.1956, DEH. The following material is present at AMNH: 8 ɗ, Forest behind Volcano Solid Waste Transfer Station, O40.3, 5.vii.1998, PMO, SLM; 10 ɗ, Stainback Highway, 7–8.ii.1999, O49.1, PMO, SLM; 6 ɗ, Forest behind Volcano Solid Waste Transfer Station, O51.1, 12–14.iii.1999, PMO, JBS; 5 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near Pole 44, O93.5, 7.ix.2000, PMO; 2 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near Pole 44, O112.3, 20.x.2000, PMO; 3 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Kīpuka Puaulu, O127.3, 29.vii.2001, PMO; 2 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near Pole 44, O128.3, 29.vii.2001, PMO, CDS; 44 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near Pole 44, O132.4, AMCC 105700, 2.viIi.2001, PMO, CDS; 49 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near Pole 44, O140.8, AMCC 105685, 12.iv.2002, PMO, CDS. The following material is in the Essig Museum of Entomology at UC Berkeley: 12 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near pole 48, O247.2; O201444; 6–7.vii.2004, PMO, MG, CDS; 4 ɗ, Tree Planting Road, O256.8; O201317; 11.vii.2004, PMO, MG; 3 ɗ, Puu Makaala Trailhead, O257.1, O201500, 11.vii.2004, PMO, MG; 2 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Upper Ōla‘a Forest, end of Wright Road, O272.F, O 200640; 20.vii.2004, PMO, MG, GS, AC; 24 ɗ, Volcanoes National Park, Ōla‘a Forest, near pole 44, O307.6, O 201114; 8.viii.2005; PMO, GMB, CH, JEG.

Maui: 10 ɗ have been studied from UHIM from Waikamoi Forest, v.1966, WBH.

Distribution. This species is endemic to the Big Island of Hawai‘i.

Behavior. Bell and Kipp (1994).

Chromosomes. The metaphase complement of this species is 5 rods and 1 dot ( Clayton 1968).

Ecology. This species has been reared from leaves of Cheirodendron trigynum and Tetraplasandra oahuensis (Araliaceae) ; leaves of Clermontia sp ( Campanulaceae ) ( Heed 1968; Magnacca et al 2008; Mangan 1978).

Illustrations. Morphological structures of this species are depicted in multiple publications including: foreleg ( Hardy 1965: 411, figs. 163a, b); terminalia, male, lateral ( Hardy 1965: 411, fig. 163c) as septuosa : foreleg ( Hardy 1965: 462, fig. 187d); phallus ( Kaneshiro 1976: 267, fig. 5g); terminalia, male, lateral ( Hardy 1965: 462, fig. 187c).

Chromosomes. The metaphase complement of this species is 5 rods and 1 dot ( Yoon & Richardson 1978).

Molecular Biology. DNA sequences ( O’Grady & DeSalle 2008).

Discussion. Based on our morphological analysis, Drosophila septuosa ( Hardy 1965) is synonymous with Drosophila percnosoma ( Hardy 1965) . The descriptions of both species by Hardy are very similar, with only minor differences between species, all well within normal variation for the group. We have examined both holotypes in the BPBM as well as the above series and compared both to the description found that all the characters used by Hardy to describe each species describe both holotypes and their respective series. On closer inspection the minor character differences Hardy utilizes in his descriptions are not present in one of the two holotypes. Drosophila percnosoma is chosen because of its page priority in the original description and greater usage in the literature: 7 for D. percnosoma ( Bell & Kipp 1994; Clayton 1968; Hardy 1965; Heed 1968; Magnacca et al 2008; Mangan 1978; O’Grady & DeSalle 2008) and 5 for D. septuosa ( Hardy 1965; Heed 1968; Kaneshiro 1976; Magnacca et al 2008; Yoon & Richardson 1978). We have identified 10 individuals from UHIM that were reared from Pittosporum leaves by W. B. Heed in 1966 from Waikamoi Forest on Maui, but this is the only instance of D. percnosoma being found off of the island of Hawai‘i.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Fore-legs of selected males a) D. atroscutellata, b) D. dasycnemia, c) D. conformis, d) D. incognita, and e) D. percnosoma.

FIGURE 3. Wings of selected species a) D. atroscutellata, b) D. sordidapex, c) D. conformis, d) D. dasycnemia, and e) D. waddingtoni.