Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, 1843

Shalimov, Aleksandr Petrovich, Wu, Yu-Dong & Zhang, Xian-Chun, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Nepal, PhytoKeys 133, pp. 1-76 : 1

Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring Figs 5 (3 A–C), 10D , 26

Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 232, no. 141. 1843; Iwatsuki 1975; Iwatsuki 1988; Dixit 1992; Thapa 2002; Zhang 2004; Zhang et al. 2013; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017.

≡ Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 401. 1831.

≡ Lycopodioides chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) H.S. Kung, Fl. Sichuanica 6: 78, pl. 24. 1988. Type. NEPAL. N. Wallich List n. 127 (holotype: K; isotype: E).

= Selaginella hypnoides Spring, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 24(2): 101. 1850. Type. INDIA. Himalaya, Jacquemont n. 1041 (holotype: P [00523047]).

= Selaginella philippina var. khasiensis Baker, J. Bot. 22: 298. 1884. Type. INDIA. Mt. Khasia, Griffith s.n. (holotype: K?).

= Selaginella rosenstockii Hieron., Hedwigia 43: 22. 1904. Type. INDIA. India Orientalis: Simla in via Kangra, and Jammu and Kashmir, alt. s. m. inter 1000 et 3000 m. Jun.-Sept. 1856. Schlagintweit n. 13256 (syntypes: S [ S–P– 17948], B [200154162]); Himalaya loco accuratius non indicato, Warburg 1005 (syntype: B [20 0154160]); Ny nee Jal, s.m. c. 3000 m., Strachey, Winterbottom 9 (syntypes: B [20 0154159], [20 0154157]; Mussoorie, Jameson n. 582 partim (syntype: B [20 0154156]; Simla, Regio Temp., T. Thomson s.n. (syntype: B [20 0154158]).

Description.

Stems 5-25 cm, evergreen or seasonally green, erect, with elongate tuber at base. Rhizophores restricted to base of stem or borne in lower part. Main stems branched from near base or from lower part upward, in basal part main stem 0.5-1 mm in diam. Stems stramineous, terete or subquadrangular, primary leafy branches 6-12 pairs, forked or once or twice pinnately branched, branchlets sparse. Axillary leaves asymmetrical, narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 2-3 × 1-1.4 mm, base exauriculate, in base margin ciliolate, apex blunt-acute. Ventral leaves asymmetrical, ovate-lanceolate, 1.4-2 × 0.8-1.4 mm, leaves on branches slightly ascending or spreading, margin sparsely minutely denticulate or ciliolate at base, apex acute. Dorsal leaves asymmetrical, narrowly ovate, 0.6-1 × 0.3-0.5 mm, base subcordate or obliquely cordate, carinate or not carinate, in basal part margin denticulate or ciliolate, apex acuminate or aristate. Strobili solitary, terminal, compact, 3-5 × 1-1.5 mm. Sporophylls slightly or strongly dimorphic, ventral sporophylls ovate, margin denticulate; dorsal sporophylls with sporophyll-pteryx incomplete and ciliolate, margin ciliolate. Megaspores yellowish, surface verrucate; microspores orange, surface verrucate.

Ecology.

On clay soil or on damp shaded banks in forest. Alt. 1400-2900 m.

Distribution in Nepal.

W, C, E.

Nepalese threatened status: not available data.

General distribution.

BHUTAN, CHINA (Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), INDIA (Darjeeling, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), MALAYSIA (Peninsular), MYANMAR, PAKISTAN, VIETNAM.

Chromosome number.

2n=24 ( Loyal 1976; Loyal and Kumar 1984).

Selected specimens examined:

Nepal: "Ghunre, alt. 2400 m, 9 Jul 1972, A. Maire AMA 9 " (E00670585); "9 Jul 1972, A. Maire, AMA 8 " (E00754794).

W Nepal: MUGU: "Dalupata, Carpinus faginea forest, aspect N 40°W, alt. 2220 m, Incination 35° (S8301), 1 Oct 1983, H. Tabata et al. 20718 " (KYO, photo); "Between Toli and Rara, Aesculus indica forest along Khatyar Khola river, alt. 2400 m, 8 Sep 1983, H. Tabata et al. 24936 " (KYO, photo).

C Nepal KATHMANDU: "Chandragiri, near Thankot, Kathmandu, Nuwakot, c. 2000 m, 19 Nov 1988, T. Nakaike 3855 " (PE 01622152), "l.c. 3856 " (PE 01593958), "l.c. 3860 " (PE 01634004); "Siwapuri, Kathmandu, Nuwakot, alt. 2500 m, 23 Nov 1988, T. Nakaike 3877 " (PE 01593956); "Between Siwapuri and Burhanilkanth, Kathmandu, alt. 2000-2550 m, 24 Nov 1988, T. Nakaike 3890 " (PE 01593968); "Gokarna Ban, Kathmandu, alt. 1350 m, 29 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3551 " (PE 0162223).

NUWAKOT: "Nuwakot: Tare Pati-Gul Bhanjyang, alt. c. 2100-3000 m, 25 Oct 1979, T. Nakaike 324 " (PE).

DOLAKHA: "Jarsa-jiri above Sikri, Bagmati, alt. 8000 ft, 21 Sep 1968, Banerjee, S. Shrestha 2850 " (US, photo); "En route from Thore Pati, alt. 3560 m to Kutumsang, alt. 2500 m and Bhanjang, alt. 2150 m, alt. 2400 m, 9 Jun 1983, H. Tabata et al. 18475 " (KYO, photo); "Rolwaling Khola, Simigaon (1950m)-Sekpa (2300m)-Kyalche (2700m), alt. 1950-2700 m, 31 Aug 1983, H. Ohba et al. 8331658 " (TI, photo; KYO, photo); "near Manga decorah, alt. 7500 ft, 13 Sep 1964, M.L. Banerjee, T.B. Shrestha, A.V. Upadhyaya 2739 " (US, photo); "Khare Khola, Phedi Kharka (2100m)-Koplang (2100m)-Khanigaon (1700m), 14 Sep 1983, M. Wakabayashi, M. Suzuki, A. Akiyama 8351514 [862275]" (KYO, photo); "Near Jiri, Dolakha, c. 1800 m, 25 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3546 " (PE 01634006); Jiri, Dolakha, alt. 2000-2500 m, 3 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3003 " (PE 01593980); "Between Sivalaya and Jiri, Dolakha, alt. 1800-2000 m, 24 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3527 " (PE 01634003); "Between Jiri and Sivalaya, alt. 1800-2000 m, 5 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3089 " (PE 01593984); "Bhote Kosi, vers Simigaon, alt. 1450 m, 14 Sep 1954, A. Zimmernann 1295 " (KYO, photo).

SYANGJA: "En route from Kare to Chandrakot, alt. 1350-1400 m, 22 Sep 1976, Y. Suehiro 322 " (KYO, photo).

SINDHUPALCHOK: "above Golu, alt. 2588 m. 27°54'23"N, 85°49'39"E, 11 Sep 2011, M.F. Watson et al. EKSIN 74 " (E00576125).

RASUWA: "Between Dhunche and Bharku, c. 2000 m, 29 Aug 1986, T. Nakaike 1156 " (PE 01634001); "l.c. 1157 " (PE 01634002); "Between Lama Hotel and Sharpugaon, c. 2600-2800 m, 3 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 1334 " (PE 01593983), "l.c. 1333 " (PE 01593977), "l.c. 1274 " (PE 01593976)"; "Near Shabru, c. 2400 m, 6 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 1387 " (PE 01593998); "Between Bharku and Syabru, c. 2000-2400 m, 29 Aug 1986, T. Nakaike 1178 " (PE 01593961).

KASKI: "en route from Kare to Chandrakot, alt. 1350-1400 m, 22 Sep 1976, Y. Suehiro 32 (III-1/1)" (PE); "Between Potana and Dhumpus, on the stonehedge, alt. 1850 m, 3 Aug 1983, H. Tabata et al. 19164 " (KYO, photo).

KATHMANDU: "Chandragiri, alt. 1600-2000 m, 9 Oct 1986, T. Nak aike 2474 " (PE 01593957); "Jarkini, 1600-1700 m, 29 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 2005 " (PE 01593964); "Tare Bhir, alt. 1400-1900 m, 4 Oct 1979, T. Nakaike 56 " (PE 01593970); "Bhangeri, alt. 1800-2100 m, 2 Oct 1986, T. Nakaike 2284 " (PE 01593972); "Sankhu, alt. 1400 m, 24 Aug 1986, T. Nakaike 1058 " (PE 01593962); "Tare Bhir, alt. c. 1400-1900 m, 4 Oct 1979, T. Nakaike 105 " (PE 01593965); "Tare Bhir, alt. 1500-2100 m, 30 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 2067 " (PE 01593966); "Mulkharka, alt. c. 1700 m, 2 Oct 1986, T. Nakaike 2329 " (PE 01634008);

LALITPUR: "Mt. Phulcoki, alt. 1800-2600 m, 17 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 1556 " (PE 01634005); "Bajrajogini, alt. 1600 m, 2 Oct 1986, T. Nakaike 2194 " (PE 01593963); "Phulchoki, south of Kathmandu, on rather dry: ground in light shade, 1500 m, 15 Jun 1972, H. Hara et al. 852274 " (TI photo; KYO; photo).

DHADING: "Jamachok, alt. 1500-1800 m, 11 Oct 1986, T. Nakaike 2518 " (PE 01593979); "Jamachok, alt. 1500 m, 1 Oct 1986, T. Nakaike 2150 " (PE 01593971); "Kakani, alt. c. 2000 m, 29 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 1975 " (PE 01593991); "l.c. T. Nakaike 1972 " (PE 01709395).

BHAKTAPUR: "Nagarkot, alt. c. 1800 m, 16 Sep 1986, T. Nakaike 1533 " (PE 01593992).

MAKAWANPUR: "Daman (between Naubise and Hetauda), c. 2400 m. 23 Sep 1986. T. Nakaike 1861 " (PE 01593973).

RAMECHAP: "Between Bhandar and Kenja, alt. 1700-2100 m. 7 Oct 1988. T. Nakaike 3203 (PE 01593974), "l.c. 3168 " (PE 01593999), "l.c. 3207 " (PE 01593975); "Bhandar (2300m)-Deorali (2700m)-Khasrubus (2400m)-Shivalaya (1800m), 27°34'N, 86°20'E - 27°36'N, 86°17'E, 6 Aug 1985, H. Ohba et al. 8580836 " (TI, photo); "Between Sivalaya and Bhandar, alt. 1800-2500 m, 6 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3125 " (PE 01594000).

E Nepal: DHANKUTA: "Dhankuta-Hilay-Murhay-Sinduwa, 22 Oct 1963, M. Togashi, T. Tuyama s. n. " (TI, photo).

SANKHUWASABHA: "Khandbari (1150m)-Mani Bhanjyang (1150m)-Sekaha (1450m)-Botebus (1800m), alt. 1150-1800 m, 1954, H. Ohashi, H. Kanai " (KYO, photo); "Papung-Bir Gaon, along path in light shade, alt. 1600-2000 m, 30 Jun 1972, H. Kanai et al. 7253393 " (KYO, photo); "Rive gauche de la Sun Kosi, en montaut a Chyaubaz, 1850 m, 7 Sep 1954, A. Zimmermann 1082a" (KYO, photo; PE); "Above Shinbun-Hatia Gola, alt. 1600-2100 m, 3 Aug 1977, H. Ohashi et al. 771973 " (TI, photo).

DHANKUTA: "Dhankuta 1300 m - Nigale 1600 m, 4 Jun 1972, K. Kanai et al. 725057 [872266, 872271]" (KYO, photo); "Sinduwa, alt. 1100 m, 24 Oct 1963, H. Hara et al." (KYO, photo); "Sinduwa, 27°04'N, 87°23'E, alt. 2400 m, 1 Aug 1973, J.F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1763 " (E00670592), "l.c. 1750 " (E00670593).

ILAM: "Near Ilam, Ilam, alt. 1500-2000 m, 5 Nov 1988, T. Nakaike 3671 " (PE); "Mai Pokhari, 27°00'N, 87°57'E, alt. 2000 m, J.F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1227 " (E00754786); "l.c. 1229 " (E00670679, E00764780); "Partia Darjeling: Phalut 3600 m - Ratho Chu 2100 m - Ramam 2400 m, along path in dense forest, c. 2100 m, 4 Aug 1972, K. Kanai et al. 725717 " (KYO, photo).

TAPLEJUNG: "Ghatte-Khebang, 19 Nov 1963, H. Hara, H. Kanai, S. Kurosawa, G. Murata, M. Togashi, T. Tuyama " (KYO, photo); "Shewaden (2600 m)-Mewa Khola (2100 m)-Papung (2000 m), along path in light shade, alt. c. 2200 m, H. Kanai et al. 725350-C " (KYO, photo); "Taplejung, 27°21'N, 87°41'E, alt. 2000 m, 06 Oct 1971, J.F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1344 " (E00670571, E00754795).

TEHRATHUM: "Dor 2600 m - Tute 2300 m, Jun 1972. H. Kanai et al. 725494 " (KYO, photo); "Chittre, alt. 2200 m. 27°06'N, 87°25'E, 16 Aug 1972, J.F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1495 " (E00670575), "l.c. 1507 " (E00670576), "l.c. 1484 " (E00670577).

SOLUKHUMBU: "Between Basa and Junbesi, Solukhumbu, alt. 2600-3500 m, 16 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3356 " (PE 01593989); "Between Goem and Junbesi, Solukhumbu, alt. 3200-2650 m, 9 Oct 1988, T. Nakaike 3243 " (PE 016344007); "De Namche Bazar en direction de la Dudh Khosi (Monjo), alt. 2900 m, 17 Oct 1954, A. Zimmermann 1735 " (KYO, photo).

OKHALDHUNG A: "Tarki a Okhaldunga, alt. 2000 m, 2 Nov 1954, A. Zimmermann 1991 " (KYO, photo).

Figures

Figure 5. Morphological diversity of the leaves of Nepalese Sealginella species 1 A-C S. bisulcata (Nakaike 3786, PE) 2 A-C S. pennata (Nakaike 3507, PE) 3 A-C S. chrysocaulos (Nakaike 1058, PE). A - Axillary leaves, B - Dorsal leaves, C - Ventral leaves. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 10. Diversity strobili of Nepalese Selaginella species A S. laxistrobila (Nakaike 1319, PE) B S. bisulcata (Nakaike 3786, PE) C S. pennata (Nakaike 3507, PE) D S. chrysocaulos (Nakaike 1058, PE) E S. ciliaris (s. n. 1225, PE) F S. monospora (Tabata et al. 11051, PE) G S. trichophylla (Lu & Zhang 27625 - B, PE) H S. repanda (Nakaike 3708, PE) I S. vaginata (Nakaike 1102, PE). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B), 2 mm (C, D, G, H), 1 mm (E, F, I).

Figure 26. Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring. A (A 1) Habit, lower surface B habit, upper surface C strobilus, lower surface D fragment of the upper surface of the lateral branches E fragment of the lower surface of the lateral branches (J. F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1229, E). Link: (http: // data. rbge. org. uk / herb / E 00670679).