Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.12.004 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8171468 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/374D87FD-B000-FFED-FF99-FA1AD7E4355F |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928) |
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3.2. Redescription of Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928) View in CoL
Figs 9–14 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig , Tables 3–4. View Table 3 View Table 4
3.2.1. Diagnosis
Setaphyes with middorsal elevations on segments 1–9, superficially covered by tufts of elongated, thick hairs. Paradorsal setae on segments 2–9 (that of segment 8 unpaired). Laterodorsal setae on segments 2–9. Lateroventral setae on segments 2–10. Ventromedial setae on segments 3–9. Lateral terminal spines short, slender (males LTS:TL average ratio 31.4 %; females LTS:TL average ratio 9 %; males and females average ratio 19.1 %).
3.2.2. Material examined
59 specimens collected from two different populations located in the Anatolian Peninsula and North Frisia. Material from Anatolia are new records for the region, which includes four females mounted for LM, and one female studied with SEM ( ZMB 12745 View Materials , station YSL09 R2 , 13 July 2019, 41 Ǫ 24.738 ′ N, 036 Ǫ 39.210 ′ E, 76 m depth; collector: Derya Ürkmez). Material from Germany (Sylt) included 17 males and 15 females mounted for LM ( ZMB 12364–12365 View Materials were studied only for the intraspecific variability, same sampling locality as for the remaining LM specimens included in the Supplementary Table I); and 22 adults for SEM (22 June 2016, 54 Ǫ 57 ′ 15 ′′ N, 008 Ǫ 21 ′ 34 ′′ E, precision 50 m, collectors: Birger Neuhaus and Hiroshi Yamasaki) (10 males: ZMB 12455 View Materials , 12457 View Materials , 12458 View Materials , 12461–12463 View Materials , 12468 View Materials , 12 View Materials 470, 12472, 12477; 12 females: ZMB 12454 View Materials , 12456 View Materials , 12460 View Materials , 12464 View Materials , 12465 View Materials , 12467 View Materials , 12469 View Materials , 12471 View Materials , 12474–12476 View Materials , 12478 View Materials ). Detailed information of the sampling localities of each LM specimen is provided in the Supplementary Table I View Table 3 .
3.2.3. Description
See Table 3 View Table 3 and Supplementary Table III for measurements and dimensions and Table 4 View Table 4 for summary of middorsal cuticular specialization, seta, tube, nephridiopore and sensory spot locations.
Nine, equally sized outer oral styles in Ring 00 of mouth cone. Each outer oral style formed by a single, flexible unit, wider at base, and showing a sheath with up to 13 fringed rows broader at the proximal region and becoming narrower towards the pointed tip ( Figs 3 View Fig ; 11A View Fig ). Trapezoidal, superficially smooth, cuticular thickenings in between the outer oral styles, with two basal, short, fringed rows ( Fig. 11A View Fig ). Outer oral styles arranged one by each introvert sector, except in sector 6 where a style is missing ( Fig. 3 View Fig ). Inner rings of mouth cone not observed and, hence, detailed information on the morphology and distribution of inner styles is not provided.
Introvert with six rings of spinoscalids and 10 longitudinal sectors defined by the disposition of the primary spinoscalids. Scalid and trichoscalid arrangement and morphology as described for S. dentatus ( Figs 3 View Fig ; 10A View Fig ; 11A–D View Fig ).
Neck with four dorsal and two ventral, sclerotized placids ( Figs 9A–C View Fig ; 10B–C View Fig ; 11D View Fig ). Dorsal placids rectangular, with a slightly convex anterior margin; mesial ones broader (ca. 32 μm wide at base) than lateral ones (ca. 23 μm wide at base) ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10B View Fig ; 11D View Fig ). Ventral placids (ca. 21 μm wide at base) morphologically similar to the dorsal ones but much more elongated, getting thinner towards the lateral sides ( Figs 9A, C View Fig ; 10C View Fig ).
Trunk with eleven segments ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ; 12A, F View Fig ; 13A, D View Fig ). Segment 1 with one tergal, two episternal and one trapezoidal, midsternal plate; remaining ones with one tergal and two sternal cuticular plates ( Figs 9A–D View Fig ; 10B–C, E–F, H–I View Fig ; 12A–C, E–H View Fig ; 13A–F View Fig ; 14A–C, F View Fig ). Sternal plates reaching their maximum width at segment 5, almost constant in width throughout the trunk ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ; 12A, F View Fig ; 13A, D View Fig ; 14A, F View Fig ). Sternal cuticular plates relatively narrow (MSW-5:TL average ratio = 30 %) ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ; 12A, F View Fig ). Middorsal elevations on segments 1–9, quite inconspicuous, rectangular, narrow, distally blunted, not projecting beyond the posterior margin of segments ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10B, E, G–H View Fig ). Paired, paradorsal, butterfly to trident-like intracuticular atria associated to the middorsal structures ( Fig. 10G View Fig ). Cuticular scars (possibly glandular cell outlets) as minute, dot-shaped, rounded to oval perforations throughout the cuticle on segments 1–11 ( Figs 9A–D View Fig ; 10B–I View Fig ); the number and position of these structures vary greatly among the analysed specimens, with no specific pattern. Up to three pairs of conspicuous laterodorsal and ventromedial cuticular ridges on segments 2–10 ( Fig. 9A–D View Fig ). Cuticular hairs acicular, non-bracteate, distributed throughout the trunk on segments 1–10 not following any particular pattern and giving the animal a furry appearance ( Figs 12A–I View Fig ; 13A–F View Fig ; 14A–D View Fig ). Pachycycli and ball-and-socket joints conspicuous on segments 2–9, reduced on most posterior segments, and also depending on maturation of specimens ( Fig. 9A–D View Fig ). Apodemes on segments 9–10 ( Figs 9A, D View Fig ; 10H–I View Fig ). Primary pectinate fringes finely serrated ( Figs 10D View Fig ; 12H View Fig ; 13F View Fig ); secondary pectinate fringes as a wavy, single line along the entire dorsal side with two subdorsal indentations pointing backwards. Ventral secondary pectinate fringes as a wavy, single line in ventromedial or paraventral positions ( Fig. 9A–D View Fig ). Muscular scars as conspicuous, rounded to oval, hairless areas in laterodorsal and ventrolateral positions on segments 1–10 ( Figs 9A–D View Fig ; 13B, E View Fig ; 14B–D View Fig ).
Segment 1 with middorsal elevation not projecting beyond the posterior margin of the segment, with paradorsal, butterfly to trident-like atria of associated paradorsal sensory spots ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10B View Fig ). Anterolateral margins of the tergal plate as triangular, short, wide, distally rounded extensions ( Figs 9A–C View Fig ; 10B–C View Fig ; 13B View Fig ). Episternal plates with usually four, scattered, minute, dot-shaped glandular cell outlets ( Fig. 9A, C View Fig ). Trapezoidal midsternal plate, wider at the base (ca. 29 μm wide at the most anterior margin, ca. 56 μm wide at the most posterior margin; average ratio =52 %), with parallel lateral margins ( Figs 9A, C View Fig ; 10C View Fig ). Two pairs of sensory spots in subdorsal position, and one pair in laterodorsal and paradorsal positions, the latter towards the middle region of the segment ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10B View Fig ; 13A–B View Fig ). Sensory spots on this and following segments as oval areas with several rows of cuticular micropapillae surrounding a single pore ( Fig. 12D View Fig ).
Segment 2 with middorsal elevation as on the preceding segment ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10B View Fig ). Setae in paradorsal, laterodorsal and lateroventral positions; females with additional pair of sexually dimorphic ventrolateral setae ( Figs 9A–C View Fig ; 10B–C View Fig ; 12B–D View Fig ; 13B View Fig ; 14B, D View Fig ). Males with tubes in ventromedial position ( Figs 9A View Fig ; 12C View Fig ; 14A View Fig ). Sensory spots in paradorsal (not near the posterior margin), subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial positions ( Figs 9A–C View Fig ; 10B–C View Fig ; 12B–C View Fig ; 13B View Fig ).
Segment 3 with middorsal elevation as on the preceding segments ( Fig. 9B, G View Fig ). Setae in paradorsal, laterodorsal, lateroventral and ventromedial positions. Sensory spots in paradorsal (not near the posterior margin), subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial positions ( Figs 9A–C View Fig ; 10B–C, G View Fig ; 12B, D View Fig ; 13B View Fig ; 14B View Fig ).
Segments 4 to 7 similar to segment 3 in the arrangement of cuticular elevation, setae and sensory spots ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ; 10D–G View Fig ; 12B, E View Fig ; 13B, E View Fig ; 14B–C View Fig ).
Segment 8 with middorsal elevation as on the preceding segments ( Figs 9B View Fig ; 10H View Fig ). Unpaired seta in paradorsal position, at the right side of the middorsal elevation; paired setae in laterodorsal, lateroventral and ventromedial positions. Sensory spots in paradorsal (not near the posterior margin), subdorsal (two pairs), laterodorsal and ventromedial positions ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ; 10H–I View Fig ; 12E View Fig ; 13C View Fig ).
Segment 9 with middorsal elevation as on the preceding segments ( Figs 2B View Fig ; 10H View Fig ). Setae in paradorsal, laterodorsal, lateroventral and ventromedial positions. Sensory spots in paradorsal (not near the posterior margin), subdorsal (two pairs), laterodorsal, and ventrolateral positions ( Figs 9A–B, D View Fig ; 10H–I View Fig ; 12G View Fig ; 13F View Fig ). Nephridiopores as small opening surrounded by short tubes in lateroventral position ( Fig. 10I View Fig ).
Segment 10 without middorsal cuticular specialization. Setae in lateroventral position. Two pairs of sensory spots in subdorsal position ( Figs 9A–B, D View Fig ; 10I View Fig ; 12G–H View Fig ; 13F View Fig ). Tergal plate with rounded posterior margin; posterior margins of sternal plates straight in females, more pointed in males.
Segment 11 without middorsal cuticular specialization. Males with two lateral pairs of stout, thick penile spines and with one pair of collapsed tubes terminating in penile bristles ( Figs 9A View Fig ; 10K View Fig ; 12I View Fig ). Short lateral terminal spines, longer in males than in females (males LTS:TL average ratio 31.43 %; females LTS:TL average ratio 9.0 1 %) ( Figs 9A–B, D View Fig ; 10J–K View Fig ; 12F–H View Fig ).
3.2.4. Intraspecific variation Due to the preservation conditions of the material, the arrangement of sensory spots throughout the trunk could not be fully confirmed in all the examined specimens from Sylt ( North Frisia ). The remaining cuticular characters of taxonomic relevance for pycnophyids (i.e. setae, middorsal cuticular specializations, spines, glandular cell outlets, and ornamentation) could be examined in detail both in the Anatolian (four females) and the North Frisian (14 males and 12 females; ZMB 12364–12365 View Materials were only studied for this purpose) populations .
Anatolian population: Deviations from the common pattern of paradorsal setae distribution in segment 5 were observed in one female from Yesilirmak River mouth, with a single paradorsal seta present on one side of the middorsal elevation, only one seta of the laterodorsal pair commonly present on segment 5, and an unpaired paradorsal seta on segment 7 ( ZMB 12741 View Materials ) . Segment 8 in two female specimens off Sakarya river mouth ( ZMB 12741 View Materials , 12744 View Materials ) with the paradorsal seta on the left side of the middorsal elevation. The laterodorsal pair of setae on segment 9 could not be confirmed in two females ( ZMB 12743 View Materials , 12744 View Materials ) .
North Frisian population: Deviations from the described bilateral pattern were observed in several specimens, both for seta and sensory spot distribution.Segment 2 with double laterodorsal setae on one side in two females ( ZMB 12454 View Materials , Fig. 14D View Fig ; ZMB 12475 View Materials , Fig. 14B View Fig ) and absent on one side in one male ( ZMB 12463 View Materials ) ; lateroventral seta absent on one side in one female ( ZMB 12467 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12474 View Materials ) ; ventrolateral setae absent in one female ( ZMB 12454 View Materials ) ; both ventromedial tube and seta present on one sternal plate in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) . Segment 3 without the laterodorsal seta on one side in five males ( ZMB 12457 View Materials , 12461 View Materials , 12463 View Materials , 12468 View Materials , 12472 View Materials ) and six females ( ZMB 12454 View Materials , 12460 View Materials , 12467 View Materials , 12471 View Materials , 12476 View Materials , 12478 View Materials ) ; with minute laterodorsal seta on one side in four males ( ZMB 12458 View Materials , 12462 View Materials , 12470 View Materials , 12477 View Materials ) and four females ( ZMB 12456 View Materials , 12464 View Materials , 12465 View Materials , 12469 View Materials ) ; with triple laterodorsal seta in one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials , Fig. 14B View Fig ) ; ventromedial seta on one sternal plate absent in one female ( ZMB 12460 View Materials ) ; with minute ventromedial setae on both sternal plates in one male ( ZMB 12461 View Materials ) ; with minute ventromedial seta on one sternal plate in four males ( ZMB 12462 View Materials , 12463 View Materials , 12468 View Materials , 12470 View Materials ) ; typical male tube of the segment 2 present on one sternal plate in one male ( ZMB 12458 View Materials ; Fig. 14A View Fig ) ; laterodorsal sensory spot absent on one side in three males ( ZMB 12455 View Materials , 12457 View Materials , 12472 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials ) . Segment 4 without laterodorsal seta on one side in one male ( ZMB 12477 View Materials ) ; lateroventral seta absent on one side in one female ( ZMB 12476 View Materials ) ; laterodorsal sensory spot of one side located more dorsally than the laterodorsal seta in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) . Segment 5 without the paradorsal seta on one side of the middorsal elevation in two females ( ZMB 12474 View Materials , 12476 View Materials ) ; laterodorsal seta absent on one side in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) ; with two pairs of lateroventral setae on one side in one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials ) ; with ventrolateral seta on one side instead of the common lateroventral seta in one female ( ZMB 12456 View Materials ) ; with two pairs of lateroventral setae in one female ( ZMB 12464 View Materials ) ; with double ventromedial setae on one sternal plate in one male ( ZMB 12470 View Materials ; Fig. 14C View Fig ) ; with a single paradorsal sensory spot on the middorsal elevation in one male ( ZMB 12477 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12474 View Materials ) ; without one subdorsal sensory spot in one female ( ZMB 12467 View Materials ) ; without one laterodorsal sensory spot in seven males ( ZMB 12455 View Materials , 12458 View Materials , 12461 View Materials , 12468 View Materials , 12470 View Materials , 12472 View Materials , 12477 View Materials ) and eight females ( ZMB 12456 View Materials , 12465 View Materials , 12467 View Materials , 12469 View Materials , 12471 View Materials , 12474 View Materials , 12476 View Materials , 12478 View Materials ) . Segment 6 without laterodorsal seta on one side in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) ; lateroventral seta on one side absent in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 1469 View Materials ) ; with three pairs of lateroventral setae on one side in one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials ) ; ventrolateral seta on one sternal plate in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) ; subdorsal sensory spot on one side absent in one male ( ZMB 12457 View Materials ) . Segment 7 with only an unpaired paradorsal seta on one side of the middorsal elevation in two males ( ZMB 12365 View Materials , ZMB 12367 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12464 View Materials ) ; with a single paradorsal sensory spot on one side in one female ( ZMB 12464 View Materials ) ; without the paradorsal pair of sensory spots in one female ( ZMB 12474 View Materials ) ; without laterodorsal sensory spot on one side in two males ( ZMB 12462 View Materials , 12472 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12478 View Materials ) . Segment 8 with the paradorsal seta on the left side of the middorsal elevation in four males ( ZMB 12367 View Materials , 12463 View Materials , 12470 View Materials , 12472 View Materials ) and five females ( ZMB 12465 View Materials , 12469 View Materials , 12474–12476 View Materials ) ; lateroventral seta absent on one side in one male ( ZMB 12458 View Materials ) and two females ( ZMB 12454 View Materials , 12471 View Materials ) ; paradorsal sensory spots absent in one female ( ZMB 12476 View Materials ) ; laterodorsal sensory spot on one side absent in one male ( ZMB 12462 View Materials ) and two females ( ZMB 12454 View Materials , 12475 View Materials ) . Segment 9 with a single paradorsal seta present on one side of the middorsal elevation in one female ( ZMB 12464 View Materials ) ; with minute laterodorsal seta on one side in two males ( ZMB 12461 View Materials , 12472 View Materials ) and one female ( ZMB 12476 View Materials ) ; laterodorsal pair absent in one male ( ZMB 12462 View Materials ) ; laterodorsal seta absent on one side in two females ( ZMB 12464 View Materials , 12465 View Materials ) ; paradorsal sensory spots absent in one female ( ZMB 12476 View Materials ) ; without laterodorsal sensory spot on one side in one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials ) ; without the ventrolateral sensory spot on one sternal plate but with a ventromedial sensory spot in one male ( ZMB 12470 View Materials ) . Segment 10 with a ventrolateral seta on one sternal plate and without the lateroventral one in one female ( ZMB 12475 View Materials ) .
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