Stantonia pachycornis, Braet & Quicke, 2004

Braet, Yves & Quicke, Donald, 2004, A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimagathidini with revisionary notes on the genus Stantonia Ashmead, 1904 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Orgilinae), Journal of Natural History 38 (12), pp. 1489-1589 : 1564-1568

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0022293031000155313

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/363B87C0-FFF9-FFCC-BBAB-FE58FD42FF01

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

Stantonia pachycornis
status

sp. nov.

Stantonia pachycornis View in CoL sp. n.

( figures 7, 8 View FIGS , 17 View FIGS , 24 View FIGS , 60–63 View FIGS , 138 View FIGS )

Etymology. From pachy (~strong, swollen in Greek) and cornis (~antenna in Greek).

Type material. HOLOTYPE, ” ( AEI): Argentina: Tucuman, 11 km. W. LasCejas, 30 April–13 May 1967 (L. Stange). PARATYPES: Argentina: Yuto, ”, 10 January 1966 (H. and M. Townes) ( AEI); 2„„, Oran, Abra Grande, Salta, 18 April–5 May 1969 (C. Porter) ( UWIM). Bolivia ( USNM): IvonBeni : ”, January (Biol. Exp. 1921–22). Brazil ( AEI): Guanabara: „, Represa , RioGrande , June 1967 (M. Alvarenga); ”, idem but: ‘ May 1966 ’; 2„„ and ”, idem but: ‘ August 1966 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ March 1967 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ March 1968 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ August 1969 ’; 2”” and „, idem but: ‘ October 1969 ’; „, idem but: ‘ Represa , RioGrande , May 1972 (Luis Pena)’. Ceara: ”, Barbalha, 400 m, May 1969 (M. Alvarenga). Pedro Azul: „, Mato Grosso, November 1970 (F. M. Oliveira). Caruaru: ”, May 1972, 900 m (J. Lima); „, idem but: ‘ June 1972 ’. Ecuador: Coca: „, May 1965 (Luis Pena) ( AEI). Napo: ”, 19–20 February 1983 (10 km NE Tena 400 m; L. Masner) ( AEI). El Boliche: 4”” and 2„„, E. ex. 3 July 1989 (A. Cuilan)—Ex: Syngamia sp., EA-196-89 ( USNM). French Guiana ( IRSNB): Matoury: „ and ”, 6 April 1981 (G. Tavakilian, ORSTOM coll); „, idem but: ‘ May 1981 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ 25 March 1981 ’. Mana: „, 19–22 July 1993 (bordure de rizière). Yalimapo: „, les Hattes, Ecloserie du WWF, 7–25 July 1996 (Babin Régis and Braet Yves)—Piège Malaise dans prairie en bordure de forêt. Après le cimetière, vers VIGIE, 5 ‡ 45’N/53 ‡ 55’W. St-Laurent-du-Maroni: 2„„, 21 October–4 November 1997 (Y. Braet, Malaise trap). Montagne de Kaw : ”, Route de Kaw, Relais Patawa, March 1999 (52 ‡ 10’W, 4 ‡ 32’N, Malaise trap; AEI guyane, J. Cerda); ”, idem but: ‘ September 1999 ’. Peru: Quincemil: „, 10–15 November 1962 (750 m nr Maracapata, Luis Pena) ( AEI); 2”” and „, 20–30 October 1962 —Collection R. D. Shenefelt ( AEI). Avispas: ”, 30 m nr Maracapata, 1–15 October 1962 (L. Peña) ( AEI). Tingo Maria: „, 20–27 January 1968 (A. Garcia and C. Porter) ( AEI); ”, 5–12 October 1964 (C. C. Porter, 620 m) ( AEI). Surinam ( RMNH): Kabo: ”, W. van Lijn 391 (E. Neerug), Bos reserve 11–15 August 1978 (Malaise trap)— Stantonia with setose eyes, det. C. van Achterberg 1983 ( RMNH). Kwatta ( RMNH): ”, 28 January 1964 (D. C. Geijskes, seacost in Avicenia forest ); ”, idem but: ‘ 5–8 February 1964 ’; „, idem but: ‘ 3–6 March 1964 ’; unsexed specimen, idem but: ‘Road to sea, Mangrove forest , 13–16 March 1964 — Malaise trap’. Republiek: ”, 45 km S Paramaribo, 26 October–1 November 1963 (D. C. Geijskes) ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 8–12 October 1963 ’ ( AEI); „, 11–16 November 1963 (in forest and at forest trail; D. C. Geijskes) ( RMNH). Zanderij: „, 28 June–5 July 1964 (savannah forest; D. C. Geijskes). Lelydorp: „, Sumatraweg, 15–17 April 1964 (D. C. Geijskes). Trinidad ( RMNH): San Fernando: 2„„ and 3””, April–May 1997 ( R. Sommeyer and B. v. Aartsen). Venezuela: Aragua: „, El Limon, 21 June 1972 (450 m, Malaise trap, 8 am–8 pm; C. J. Rosales) ( MIZA).Tucuco: 2„„, Zulia, 28 April 1981 (H. K. Townes) ( AEI). Trujillo: „, la Gira cerca de Betijoque, 4–9 December 1996 (500 m, 9 ‡ 19’N, 70 ‡ 44’W, J. Amarilla, J. M. Clavijn, J. L. Marmela, G. A. Chacon) ( MIZA). Las Quiguas: „, San Esteban valley , 20–27 January 1940 (P. Anduze) ( USNM); ” and 2„„, idem but: ‘ 1–20 December 1939 ’ ( USNM); 2”” and „, idem but: ‘ 1–8 January 1940 ’ ( USNM). San Esteban: ”, September 1939 (P. Anduze) ( USNM).

Other specimens examined. Ecuador ( AEI): Coca: 2”” and 5„„, May 1965 (L. Peña). Napo and Coca Rivers: „, 2–10 May 1965 (L. Peña); ”, idem but: ‘ 1–12 May 1965 ’. Brazil ( AEI): Amazonas: „, 71 ‡ 38’W, 4 ‡ 33’S, September 1979 (Alvarenga) .

Holotype, ”, length of body 4.4 mm, of fore wing 3.6 mm.

Head ( figures 60 View FIGS , 138 View FIGS ). Antenna with 39 segments, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth, length of third, fourth, penultimate and apical segments 3.0, 2.5, 1.7 and 3.0 times their maximal widths, respectively; maxillary palps 1.7 times height of head; eyes setose; length of eye in dorsal view 2.3 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly, slightly punctate, smooth and shiny, only weakly coriaceous ventrally; OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL~4.0:2.0:1.0; frons smooth medially, finely and sparsely punctate; vertex convex, slightly punctate, flattened near stemmaticum; face weakly convex in lateral view, punctate, smooth between punctures with long setae; clypeus convex and sparsely punctate; length of malar space 1.5 times basal width of mandible; malar suture absent; occipital flange rounded posteriorly and straight ventrally.

Mesosoma ( figure 24 View FIGS ). Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its maximal height; side of pronotum crenulate medially and anteriorly, remainder smooth, finely coriaceous ventrally; mesopleuron, mesosternum, metapleuron, mesoscutum, scutellum smooth and shiny; precoxal sulcus punctate only medially, smooth anteriorly and posteriorly; notauli deeply punctate anteriorly; scutellar sulcus with several carina posteriorly; propodeum medially convex, smooth and shiny with sparse long setae; metapleural flange absent ( figure 61 View FIGS ).

Wings. Fore wing: r: SR1z3-SR~5:28; 2-SR:r-m~6:4; second submarginal cell petiolate; subbasal cell setose anteriorly; 3-CU1 three times longer than vein CU1b. Hind wing: 2-M coloured, membrane largely setose basally ( figure 17 View FIGS ).

Legs. Hind coxa smooth weakly granulose dorsally ( figure 62 View FIGS ); lengths of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5, 10.7 and 13.3 times their widths, respectively; tibial spurs 0.4 and 0.25 times basitarsus; hind tibia with three apical teeth and several bristles between setae.

Metasoma. First tergite 2.75 times longer than apically wide, smooth and shiny ( figure 63 View FIGS ); spiracles protruding; second tergite smooth with a clear medio-basal convexity, in lateral view; T2 1.4 times longer than T3; second suture strongly curved; ovipositor sheath 0.5 times fore wing length.

Colour. Yellowish; pterostigma mainly yellowish; apex of hind tibia, mid and hind tarsus, tegula, humeral plate, T4–T8, dorsal part of antennal segments yellow-brownish; ovipositor sheath dark brown; antenna apically, wings weakly infuscate.

Males. Similar to ” but their 21–24 antennal segments seems to be swollen on outer part ( figures 7, 8 View FIGS ). They may have T4–T8, subbasal ring of hind tibia more or less brownish. For details about males genitalia see figures 143 View FIG –146.

Variation. Observed variation includes the apex of hind femur yellowish to dark brownish dorsally, apex of hind tibia is yellowish to dark brown, mid tarsus and fore telotarsus sometimes infuscated, T4–T8 sometimes uniformly coloured or have brown distal patches, propodeum completely smooth to coriaceous, second submarginal cell is quasi subsessile to strongly petiolate, vein 3-CU1 1.5–3 times longer than vein CU1b, T1 2.8–3.6 times longer than apically wide, T2 1.4–1.9 times longer than T3, stemmaticum sometimes yellowish to weakly infuscate. Number of antennal segments 36–41 (males) and 39–42 (females); in males 22nd to 25th antennal segments strongly inflated, 21st and 26th are weakly swollen.

Remarks. We have also observed some specimens from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru with a coriaceous propodeum, a rather smooth propleuron laterally ( figures 41 View FIGS , 66, 67 View FIGS ) (all observed specimens in material section), and rather subsessile second submarginal cell. Some of them have intermediate states, i.e. propodeum is smooth medially and distally but more or less coriaceous laterally and basally.

Stantonia pallida ( Ashmead, 1894) View in CoL comb. nov.

( figures 18 View FIGS , 139 View FIGS )

Orgilus pallidus Ashmead, 1894: 130 by monotypy; Szépligeti, 1904: 120; Shenefelt, 1970: 260; Penteado-Dias, 1999: 189 [examined].

Stantonia kriegeri Enderlein, 1905: 454 View in CoL by monotypy; Shenefelt, 1970: 267 [examined] (PAIZ). Syn. n.

Stantonia lamprosemae Muesebeck, 1938: 89 View in CoL by monotypy; Shenefelt, 1970: 267 [examined] (USNM). Syn. n.

Type material. HOLOTYPE, ” ( BMNH): Type H. T.— B.M. Type Hym. 3.c.908— Orgilus pallidus type Ash. [handwriting]— St Vincent, W.I., H. H. Smith, 210— W. Indies, 99-331.

Other material examined. Brazil: Roraina: ”, Surumu, September 1966 (M. Alvarenga) ( AEI). Colombia: ”, San-Alberto, César, 25 July 1987, Irdupalma bloc Z3 (G. Delvare)—Plante Z3—( CIRAD). Costa Rica: Heredia: ”, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50–150 m, August 1992 (10 ‡ 26N, 84 ‡ 01W) ( UWIM). Guanacaste Province: ”, P. N. Guanacaste, Los Almendros, 24 August–14 September 1992 (E. Lopez, L-N 334800, 369800) ( INBIO); ”, idem but: ‘ 23 September–13 October 1992 ’ ( INBIO); „, CGA, Sector Santa Rosa, 8–18 June 1995 (tropical dry forest, open field ar. Road to Playa Naranjo, Malaise trap; Dadelahi, Price and Zitani) ( UWIM); ”, Est. murciélago, 8 km S. O. de Cuajiniquil, 80 m, 11 January–19 February 1994 (Malaise trap; E. Araya, L N 320300, 347200 # 2747) ( INBIO); ”, P. N. Palo Verde, Est. Palo Verde, 10 m, 6–16 February 1993 (U. Chavarria, L-N-259000, 388400) ( INBIO); ”, Est. Palo Verde, 10 m, Ref. Nac. Fauna Silv. R. L. Rodriguez, June 1991 (U. Chavarria, L-N-259000, 388400) ( INBIO). Guanacaste: „, S. Rosa Park, 8 March 1978 (D. H. Janzen, Riparian) ( AEI); „, idem but: ‘ 26 March 1978 ’ ( AEI); „, idem but: ‘ 2 July 1977 ’ ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 11 October 1977 ’ ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 1 September 1977 ’ ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 21 October 1977 ’ ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 10 November 1977 ’ ( AEI); ”, idem but: ‘ 3 February 1978 ’ ( AEI); 5”” and „, Santa Rosa Natl. Park, 6–27 September 1986 (regenerating woodland w10 years old, 300 m, ex. Townes Malaise H3-0, direct sun daily, wet; I. D. Gauld) ( UWIM); „, Santa Rosa Natl. Park, 5–26 July 1986 (I. D. Gauld, regenerating woodland v 10 years old, 300 m, ex. Townes Malaise H3-0, clearing) ( UWIM); 2„„, idem but: ‘ 5–26 July 1986 (regenerating woodland v10 years old, clearing) ( UWIM). Cerro el Hacha: 3””, NW Volcan Orosi, 1988 (300 m) ( UWIM). Prov. Limon: ”, Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 6–25 November 1991 (G. Garballo; L-N-184200, 643300) ( INBIO). Alajuela Province: ”, Playuelas, 20 m, Cano Negro, RNVS Cano Negro, 10–31 October 1992 (K. Flores; L-N- 319100, 450200) ( INBIO). Prov. Punta: „, Est. Esquinas, Pen. de Osa, 200 m, September 1993 (M. Segura; LS 301400-542200. #2372) ( INBIO); Puntarenas: ”, Peninsula Osa, 5 km NW Puerto Jimenez, November–December 1990 (10 m, abandoned cacao orchard; P. Hanson) ( UWIM); ”, idem but: ‘ 5 km N Puerto Jimenez, October 1990 ’; „, Peninsula Osa, Puerto Jimenez, October 1990 (10 m; P. Hanson) ( UWIM); 2”” and „, idem but: ‘ June 1991 (grassy, weedy site)’ ( UWIM); 3””, idem but: ‘ January–February 1992 ’( UWIM); „, Puntar, Golfo Dulce, 3 km SW Rincon, June–August 1989 (10 m; P. Hanson) ( UWIM); „, idem but: ‘ 9 km SW Rincon, October 1990 ’ ( UWIM). Honduras ( EAPZ): Fco. Morazán, Sn Antonio de Oriente, El Zamorano, 27 January–1 February 1990 (Malaise trap ‘en plantacion de cafe bajo sombra’; R. Cave). 4””, Yoro, Palo de Comba, 27 September 1995 (15 ‡ 11’N, 87 ‡ 39’W, Malaise trap in mid-elevation secondary forest; R. Cave) ( ZML 2001: specimens 386, 383, 382 and 380) ( ZML); 2””: idem but: 12 September 1995 ( ZML 2001: specimens 384 and 381) ( ZML); 1”: Cortès, Parque Nacional Cusuco 5 km N Buenos Aires, 30 August 1995 (15 ‡ 29’N, 87 ‡ 13’W, Malaise trap in oak/pine cloud forest; R. Cave) ( ZML 2001: specimen 387) ( ZML); 1”: Atlantida, Lancetilla, Tela, 31 August 1995 (15 ‡ 43’N, 87 ‡ 27’W, Malaise trap in lowland rainforest; R. Cave) ( ZML 2001: specimen 388) ( ZML). Dominican Republic ( IRSNB, TAMU): „, near Sosua, 5–18 July 1992 (G. Haghebaert); „, Springfield, 22 May–4 April 1994 (Malaise trap; J. Woolley, 94/017). Mexico: Las Barracas, Baja Cal. Sur. ( EMEC): ”, 29 April 1985 (pan trap; P. DeBach); ”, idem but: ‘ 4 May 1984 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ 7 April 1985 ’; ”, idem but: ‘ 30 April 1985 ’; ” and 2„„, idem but: ‘ 20 May 1985 ’; ” and „, idem but: ‘ 5 May 1985 (Malaise trap)’. Linares: „, N.L., 5 October 1962 (H. and M. Townes) ( AEI). Xochitepec: ”, Mor., 12–14 July 1965 (Flint and Ortiz) ( USNM). Valle Palmira: ”, May 1991? (H. Smith, ex. Diaphnia hyalinata ) ( USNM). Veracruz: ”, 6 mi. NW Salinas, 23 April 1953 ( R. C. Bechtel and E. I. Schlinger) ( EMEC); „, F. Colorada, 4 mi. NW Veracruz, 21 April 1953 ( R. C. Bechtel and E. I. Schlinger) ( EMEC). Nicaragua: Granada: 2””, Volcan Moorbacho, 30 April 1998 (J. M. Maes) ( MEL); Leon: ”, Los Lechecuagas, 8 December 1991 (‘ Braconidae : Orgilinae : G. sp.; dét. G. A. Wright 1994’; Maes and Pineda) ( MEL); ”, February 1985 ( UV light) ( MEL); „, ca Pal. centre, 21 December 1988 (Simeon and J. M. Maes) ( MEL); ”, Finca San Francisco, 25 June 1993 (ex.: larva Diaphania hyalinata ; P. Jiron) ( EAPZ); Managua: „, July 1990 (B. Garcete) ( MEL); Masaya: ”, Las Flores, 27 September 1994 (Malaise trap; J. M. Maes) ( MEL). Panama ( AEI): Darien: ”, 1967 (C. A. Triplehorn). Paraguay: one unsexed specimen, Labo. No. 1336-35, 25 August 1945 ( USNM). Puerto Rico ( USNM): Esenada: ”, September–November 1960 (A. Aviles). Cayey: ”, September–November 1960 (M. Santiago) ( USNM). Mayaguez: ” and unsexed specimen, 13 July 1943 (‘ Stantonia lamprosemae Mues. , det. Mues.— Host: Hedylepta indicata , Em-viii.23.1943’; H. K. Plank, PR-1533) ( USNM). USA: Arizona: „, Cochise Co., Stewart camp, 1 mi. S Portal, 19–21 August 1971 (Malaise trap; J. Doyen) ( EMEC). Venezuela: Aragua: ”, El Limon, 22 May 1973 (480 m, Malaise trap; C. J. Rosales) ( MIZA); ” and „, Maracay, Centro Exper. Nac. de Invest. Agropecuanas, 12 December 1984 (ex Hedylepta indica (sic!) on soybean (jupiter); H. Puche) ( USNM); ”, nr Puerto Caballo, 4 February 1940 (P. J. Anduze) ( AEI). Cojedes, El Pao, Pinlancones: 2””, 15–21 June 1995 (9 ‡ 43’54@N, 68 ‡ 8’31@W, 188 m, Malaise trap; A. Aleman, proyecto NZA-DHC) ( MIZA).

Holotype, ”, length of body 4.24 mm, of fore wing 4 mm.

Head ( figure 139 View FIGS ). Remaining antennal segments 16 and 5, length of third segment 1.4 times fourth, length of third and fourth segments 3.5 and 2.5 times their maximal width; maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.5 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly, slightly punctate laterally and smooth medially; eyes setose (short setae); OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL~8.0:4.0:3.0; frons smooth medially; vertex convex, slightly punctate, rounded near stemmaticum; face flattened, punctate, smooth between punctures with long pale setae; clypeus rather flattened and smooth; length of malar space 1.5 times basal width of mandible; malar suture absent; occipital flange small and straight.

Mesosoma ( figure 18 View FIGS ). Length of mesosoma 1.25 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, medially weakly crenulate and ventrally coriaceous; precoxal sulcus not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron; mesopleuron, metapleuron, mesoscutum smooth and sparsely punctate; mesoscutum weakly depressed posteriorly; scutellar sulcus with short carina posteriorly; scutellum smooth and shiny; propodeum smooth and shiny, convex; ventral border of metapleuron convex but without flange.

Wings. Fore wing: r: SR1z3-SR~5:26; 2-SR: r-m~5:8; fore wing subbasal cell setose anteriorly; second submarginal cell subsessile (weakly petiolate on other wing), r-m nearly missing; vein 3-CU1 three times longer than vein CU1b. Hind wing: 2-M coloured; membrane largely glabrous basally; subbasal cell with several setae.

Legs. Hind coxa shiny, slightly punctate and weakly transversely rugose distally; lengths of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.3, 10.5 and 10 times their widths, respectively; tibial spurs 0.5 and 0.35 times basitarsus; outer face of hind tibia without spines; hind tibia with three apical teeth. Both fore legs and one mid leg missing.

Metasoma. First tergite 2.25 times longer than apically wide, shiny and weakly granulose apically, medially concave (in lateral view) with a small medio-terminal convexity; spiracles protruding; second tergite shiny; T 2 1.25 times longer than T 3; second suture smooth and weakly curved; ovipositor sheath 0.46 times fore wing length.

Colour. Brownish yellow. Mesosoma, pterostigma, hind tibial spurs yellow; first tergite brownish; apical quarter of flagellum, flagellum dorsally, dorsal side of hind and middle tarsus, hind femur apically on its outer side, telotarsus and penultimate fore tarsomere infuscate; outer stripe of scapus, stemmaticum, trochantellus dorsally and laterally, humeral plate, T 1 basally, T 2– T 7 brownish; outer side of hind tibia with a black-brownish stripe except for a small subbasal whitish patch; wing membrane hyaline.

Variation. Most of the material examined corresponds well to the above description except that they may have the lateral lobe of mesoscutum yellowish to brownish, humeral plate yellowish to brownish, propodeum yellowish to brownish medio-apically, mid, hind tarsus and antennal segments strongly infuscated and an apical dark patch dorsally on hind femur. Some specimens have the 15–20th antennal segments also yellowish dorsally rather than brownish dorsally, creating a ring-like mark on the antenna. The number of antennal segments 38–42 (females) and 37–38 (males). Ovipositor sheath 0.5–1.06fore wing.

Remarks. Despite the intraspecific variation, this species is easy to recognize by the following combination of characters: lateral outer stripe present on hind tibia, subbasal cell of fore wing setose anteriorly, ventral margin of metapleuron without flange and straight, hind wing mainly glabrous basally, precoxal sulcus not (or hardly) reaching anterior margin of mesoscutum.

AEI

American Entomological Institute

USNM

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

IRSNB

Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique

ORSTOM

Office de la Recherche scientifique et Technique Outre-mer

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

RMNH

National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis

MIZA

Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez

T

Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics

CIRAD

Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement

LS

Linnean Society of London

EAPZ

Escuela Agricola Panamericana

ZML

St Petersburg State University

TAMU

Texas A&M University

EMEC

Essig Museum of Entomology

MEL

Museo Entomologico de Leon

UV

Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Braconidae

Genus

Stantonia

Loc

Stantonia pachycornis

Braet, Yves & Quicke, Donald 2004
2004
Loc

Stantonia lamprosemae

SHENEFELT, R. D. 1970: 267
MUESEBECK, C. F. 1938: 89
1938
Loc

Stantonia kriegeri

SHENEFELT, R. D. 1970: 267
ENDERLEIN, G. 1905: 454
1905
Loc

Orgilus pallidus

PENTEADO-DIAS, A. M. 1999: 189
SHENEFELT, R. D. 1970: 260
SZEPLIGETI, G. Y. 1904: 120
ASHMEAD, W. H. 1894: 130
1894
Darwin Core Archive (for parent article) View in SIBiLS Plain XML RDF