Simulium venustum, Say, 1823

Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, Zootaxa 3975 (1), pp. 1-139 : 99-102

VENUSTUM species-group

Simulium arakawae Matsumura

Hadi, Takaoka & Aoki (1996, description, photos of all arms, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Japan

Huang, Adler & Takaoka (2011, characterization; inversions mapped; notes on B chromosomes; photos of IL end, IIS, and IIL; resolution relative to S. venustum group standard and Simulium subgeneric standard): Japan

Simulium bergi Rubtsov

Chubareva & Petrukhina (1970, note on comparison with S. erythrocephalum , photos of end of IIIL and lowmagnification polytene complement): [ Armenia]

Chubareva, Petrova & Petrukhina (1971, note on comparison with S. erythrocephalum , photos of IIIS and IIIL ends and low-magnification polytene complement): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (2003, photos of centromere regions): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Simulium curvistylus Rubtsov

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1998, notes on relation to Simulium subgeneric standard and selected members of the S. venustum group): Sweden

Simulium hematophilum Laboulbène

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC2 venustum ’): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram, note on IIIL polymorphism; as S. venustum ‘CC2’): Canada

Feraday in Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, note on IIL-1 inversion; as S. venustum ‘cytospecies CC2’): USA

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC2 venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies, 2 new cytoforms recognized [unnamed]; as S. venustum ‘CC2’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘CC2 venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. hematophilum , sex-chromosome polymorphism): North America

Simulium incognitum Adler & Mason

Adler (1986, characterization, comparison with selected members of S. venustum group; as S. venustum cytotype ‘CC4’): Canada

Adler & Mason (1997, characterization, formal name for Adler’s 1986 S. venustum ‘CC4’, inversions mapped, photos of partial IIIL and polymorphisms): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium irritatum Lugger

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): [ Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘CC3 [CC(gB)B]’): Canada

Adler (1986, notes on geographic variation; as S. venustum cytospecies ‘CC3’): Canada

Ciborowski & Adler (1990, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC3 venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, geographic variation, inversion frequencies; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of Rothfels’s 1981a S. venustum ‘CC3’ as S. irritatum ): North America

Simulium minutum Lugger

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC1 venustum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC1’): [ Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC1’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; as ‘CC1 venustum ’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘CC1 venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. minutum ): North America

Simulium molestum Harris

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘A/C venustum ’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘A/C’): [ USA]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘A/C’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, evidence of reproductive isolation from S. hematophilum , recognition of S. ‘A/C venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. molestum ): North America

Simulium morsitans Edwards

Kudule (1973, description; photos of all chromosomes, B chromosomes, and polymorphisms): Latvia

Chubareva (1974a, frequency of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and low-magnification polytene complement): Russia

Kudule & Shternbergs (1975, notes on comparison with S. rostratum [as S. argyreatum ]): Latvia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Latvia, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, 2000b, note on B chromosomes): Russia

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, resolution relative to S. curvistylus ): Sweden

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2006, description of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase complement): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Simulium paramorsitans Rubtsov

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, note on resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden

Simulium piscicidium Riley

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘AC(gB) venustum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): [ Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): Canada, USA

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AC(gb) venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies, new cytoform recognized [unnamed]; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘AC(gB) venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. piscicidium ): North America

Simulium posticatum Meigen

NOTE: The identity of the species treated by Knoz & Chubareva (1974) and Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 1984, 2003, 2008a) as S. austeni and/or S. posticatum is uncertain, but it is not S. posticatum or any other examined member of the S. venustum group.

Knoz & Chubareva (1974, description, low-magnification photos of B chromosomes and polytene complement; as S. posticatum / austeni ): Czech Republic

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as S. austeni ): Czech Republic

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. austeni ): Britain ([ England])

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, note on B chromosomes; as S. austeni ): Czech Republic

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Britain ( England), Sweden

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Czech Republic

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Czech Republic

Simulium rostratum (Lundström)

Zimring (1953, idiogram, photos of CI and CII regions and portions of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. venustum ): Canada

Chubareva & Petrova (1968, description; frequency of B chromosomes; photos of metaphase and polytene B chromosomes, polytene complement, and ends of IS, IIS, IIIS, and IIIL; as S. verecundum ): Russia

Chubareva (1971, note on B chromosomes; as S. verecundum ): Russia

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes; characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of IIL; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of IS polymorphisms, IL, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘ACD verecundum ’): Britain ([ England]), Canada, Finland, Norway

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features; as S. verecundum ): Russia

Gordon & Cupp (1980, inversion frequencies; as S. verecundum ‘ACD’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. verecundum ‘ACD’): [ Britain ( England), Canada, Finland, Norway]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. ‘ACD ver’): [ Britain ( England), Canada, Finland, Norway]

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, note on B chromosomes; as S. verecundum ): Russia

Adler (1986, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as S. verecundum cytospecies ‘ACD’): Canada

Currie & Adler (1986, note on geographic variation; as S. verecundum ‘cytospecies ACD’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of IS partial, IL, IIIS, and sex chromosomes; as ‘ACD rostratum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘ACD verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie & Colbo (1991, effect of temperature on polytene chromosome quality): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of IIL base and partial IIIL of autotriploid): North America

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, photo of polytene complement including B chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. argyreatum ): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. argyreatum ): Czech Republic, Russia

Simulium rubtzovi Smart

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on B chromosomes and resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden, USA

Simulium tormentor Adler, Currie & Wood

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘H/C’): [ Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘H/C sibling’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Rothfels’s 1981a S. venustum ‘H/C sibling’, sex-chromosome polymorphism): Canada

Simulium truncatum (Lundström)

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIS, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG/C venustum ’): Canada, Finland, Norway

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Scandinavia

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘EFG/C’): Canada, Finland, Norway, USA

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘EFG/C truncatum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, note on sex exceptions, photo of chromosome II; as ‘EFG/C venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, note on sex exceptions): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium venustum Say

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawings of all arms, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of all arms, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC venustum ’): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram, de novo interchange in individual; as S. venustum and S. venustum ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC’): Canada, USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. venustum cytospecies ‘CC’): USA

Currie & Adler (1986, note on geographic variation; as S. venustum ‘cytospecies CC’): Canada

Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America]

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘CC venustum ’): Canada

Coscarón-Arias (2000, idiogram): [North America]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. venustum ‘CC’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. venustum s. str.): North America

Sharp & Hunter (2008, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as S. venustum / truncatum / rostratum ): Canada

Simulium verecundum Stone & Jamnback

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘AA verecundum ’ and ‘A/C verecundum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Gordon & Cupp (1980, inversion frequencies; as S. verecundum ‘AA-AC’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. verecundum ‘AA’, ‘A/C’, and ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. ‘AA ver’, ‘A/C ver’, and ‘CC ver’): Canada, USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. verecundum cytospecies ‘A/C’): USA

Ciborowski & Adler (1990, notes on geographic variation and IIS sequences; as S. verecundum ‘AA-A/C-CC’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key, inversions mapped; as ‘A/C verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AA verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of B chromosome, possible sibling species): North America

Simulium ‘EFG venustum ’ Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps

NOTE: Although Rothfels (1979) tentatively identified this species as S. morsitans , its banding pattern does not match that of bona fide S. morsitans , which does not carry the IIS EFG sequence (Adler, unpublished).

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, partial resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG venustum ’): Germany

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. morsitans ?): Germany

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘EFG’): Germany, Norway

Simulium venustum ‘JJ’ Rothfels

Rothfels (1981a, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘JJ, The Oregon Sibling’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, breakpoints of J inversion, chromosomal characters in larval key): USA