Dvivarnus Rajmohana & Veenakumari, 2011

Talamas, Elijah J., Miko, Istvan & Copeland, Robert S., 2016, Revision of Dvivarnus (Scelionidae, Teleasinae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 49, pp. 1-23 : 4-7

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.49.7714
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3028A70D-A5F5-48C2-85C4-7466F16E144F
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/352A5D2E-E6F8-FD19-B52C-315DB5BFA97C
treatment provided by	Journal of Hymenoptera Research by Pensoft
scientific name	Dvivarnus Rajmohana & Veenakumari
status

Treatment

Dvivarnus Rajmohana & Veenakumari

Dvivarnus Rajmohana & Veenakumari, 2011: 40 (original description. Type: Dvivarnus punctatus Rajmohana & Veenakumari, by monotypy. Diagnosis, keyed).

Description.

Number of basiconic sensilla on A7: 0. Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 2. Color of radicle: yellow. Length of radicle: shorter than apical width of clypeus. Length of A3: as long as pedicel or longer. Number of basiconic sensilla on A12: 1. Number of mandibular teeth: 3. Mandibular teeth: ventral tooth the longest. Facial striae: present. Dorsal limit of facial striae: facial striae exceeding horizontal plane at margin of anterior ocellus. Torular triangle: present. Height of torular triangle: less than height of clypeus. Central keel: present. Surface of dorsal frons in dorsal view: convex. Orbital carina: present. Genal patch: absent. Vertex patch: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Anterior margin of occipital carina dorsally: crenulate. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Sculpture of pronotal cervical sulcus: shallowly foveolate. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Sculpture of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: foveolate. Proximity of suprahumeral and pronotal cervical sulci: pronotal suprahumeral sulcus terminating before reaching pronotal cervical sulcus. Posterior pronotal sulcus: absent. Sculpture of propleural epicoxal sulcus: foveolate. Sculpture of posterior scutellar sulcus: foveolate. Sculpture of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: foveolate. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: less than one half length the distance from the tegula to the anterior apex of mesoscutum. Sculpture of mesoscutal humeral sulcus: foveolate. Lateral scutoscutellar sulcus: reaching transaxillar carina. Transaxillar carina: present. Setae on lateral margin of mesoscutellum: present. Posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Acropleural sulcus: present. Length of acropleural sulcus: elongate. Subalar pit: present. Course of prespecular sulcus and mesepimeral sulcus: not continuous dorsally. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: transversely rugose. Mesopleural carina: present. Proximity of ventral apex of mesopleural carina and ventral mesopleural carina: carinae adjacent. Sculpture of mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: foveolate. Sculpture of postacetabular sulcus: foveolate. Sculpture of mesopleuron below femoral depression: areolate rugose. Episternal foveae: indistinguishable from surface sculpture. Sculpture of mesepimeral sulcus: foveolate. Metascutellar spine: present. Shape of metascutellar spine in dorsal view: pointed. Length of metascutellar spine: longer than proximal striated region of metascutellum. Apical semitransparent lamella on metascutellar spine: absent. Sculpture of metascutellum: longitudinally striate throughout. Proximal striation of metascutellum: extending onto surface of metanotal spine.Setation of central propodeal area: present. Posterior propodeal projection: present. Metapleural sulcus: present. Setation of metapleuron: Area delimited posteriorly by paracoxal and vertical part of metapleural sulcus is covered with dense setae, remainder of metapleuron glabrous. Sculpture of paracoxal sulcus: foveolate. Dorsal margin of T1 in lateral view: concave. Length of pits on anterior T1: almost reaching posterior margin of tergite. Transverse line of pits on anterior T1: present. Transverse line of pits on anterior T2: present. Lateral patch on T2: present. Transverse line of pits on anterior T3: absent. Width of T3: as wide or slightly wider than mesoscutum. Sculpture of T3: punctate. Length of apical setae on T3: not longer than non-apical setae. Posterolateral patch on T3: present. Lateral patch on T4: present. Lateral patch on T6: present. Transverse line of pits on anterior S2: present. Felt field on S2: present. Transverse line of pits on anterior S3: absent.

Diagnosis.

Per the characters presented by Veenakumari et al (2011), Dvivarnus can be differentiated from other teleasines by the combination of the dense punctation found throughout T3 and S3, the presence of paired mesoscutellar spines, the absence of lateral propodeal carina and the presence of an inverted U-shaped carina dorsally surrounding the metasomal depression. Punctation on T3 can be found in some species of Trimorus (Fig. 20 View Figure 20–24 ), but the punctation is surrounded by rugulae of varying intensity. In Dvivarnus , the punctation is uniform throughout most of the tergite and is not accompanied by additional sculptural elements. Specimen USNMENT01109195 (Fig. 20 View Figure 20–24 ) also has spines derived from the metapleural carina, which are not present in Dvivarnus . Additional characters for the identification of Dvivarnus are presented in the key to teleasines with mesoscutellar spines.

Comments.

The species of Dvivarnus are extremely similar in most pleural characters and differ primarily by features of the head, pronotum, and metasoma. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited mostly in the pattern of setation and striation of the frons. In males, the glabrous area above the interantennal process is less distinct and the density of setation throughout the frons varies greatly. The facial striae in males extend dorsally throughout the frons whereas in females the striation is absent from the center portion of the frons.

We examined two morphospecies of males that we were unable to unambiguously associate with the female of D. elektrolythron . One morphospecies (USNMENT01109164, Figs 46-50 View Figure 46–50 ) shares with D. elektrolythron the pattern of striation on the lateral pronotum (Fig. 50 View Figure 46–50 ) and the longitudinal furrow on the metanotal trough (Fig. 48 View Figure 46–50 ). However, it has distinct notauli (Fig. 46 View Figure 46–50 ) and D. elektrolythron has none, and the posterior margin of the mesoscutellum between the mesoscutellar spines is concave in USNMENT01109164, and medially pointed in D. elektrolythron . The other morphospecies (USNMENT01109212, Figs 40-45 View Figure 40–45 ) has the opposite arrangement of characters: it shares with D. elektrolythron the absence of notauli and the presence of a pointed posterior margin of the mesoscutellum (Figs 40 View Figure 40–45 , 43 View Figure 40–45 ) but it has a foveolate metanotal trough (Fig. 43 View Figure 40–45 ) and the lateral pronotum is predominantly smooth (Fig. 45 View Figure 40–45 ). In the absence of additional specimens that would allow us to thoroughly assess intraspecific variability in males, or molecular or biological data, we consider it best to document the morphology of these males and present them as undetermined at the species-level.

Key to teleasines with mesoscutellar spines

1	Radicle shorter than distal width of clypeus (Figs 15-19 View Figure 15–19 ); lateral propodeal carina absent (Figs 36 View Figure 34–39 , 43 View Figure 40–45 , 48 View Figure 46–50 ); metasomal depression surrounded dorsally by an inverted U-shaped carina (Figs 48 View Figure 46–50 , 43 View Figure 40–45 , 36 View Figure 34–39 ); T3 and S3 densely punctate (Figs 21-23 View Figure 20–24 , 25 View Figure 25–26 , 29 View Figure 28–31 ); metascutellar spine longitudinally striate throughout (Figs 5-6 View Figure 5–10 , 31 View Figure 28–31 , 36-37 View Figure 34–39 ; T3 with lateral patch (Figs 21-23 View Figure 20–24 )	Dvivarnus
-	Radicle as long as distal width of clypeus (Figs 1-2 View Figure 1–4 ); lateral propodeal carina present (Figs 9-10 View Figure 5–10 ); metasomal depression not surrounded dorsally by continuous carina (Figs 9-10 View Figure 5–10 ); T3 and S3 not densely punctate (Figs 12 View Figure 11–12 , 14 View Figure 13–14 , 24 View Figure 20–24 ), or punctation with interstitial rugulae (Fig. 20 View Figure 20–24 ); metascutellar spine smooth in distal half (Figs 7-8 View Figure 5–10 ); T3 without lateral patch (Figs 12 View Figure 11–12 , 14 View Figure 13–14 , 24 View Figure 20–24 )	2
2	Metasomal depression without marginal setae (Figs 8 View Figure 5–10 , 10 View Figure 5–10 ); netrion sulcus distinct (Fig. 4 View Figure 1–4 ); apex of metascutellar spine unbranched (Figs 8 View Figure 5–10 , 14 View Figure 13–14 )	Gryonoides
-	Metasomal depression with marginal setae (Figs 7 View Figure 5–10 , 9 View Figure 5–10 ); netrion sulcus not visible in lateral view (Fig. 3 View Figure 1–4 ); metascutellar spine with bifurcate apex	Trimorus carus species group

Key to species Dvivarnus (females)

1	Frons with central keel separate from carinae of torular triangle (Fig. 15 View Figure 15–19 ); mesoscutellum with posterior margin between mesoscutellar spines medially convex in dorsal view (Fig. 28 View Figure 28–31 , 31 View Figure 28–31 ); pronotum with posterior portion transversely striate (Fig. 30 View Figure 28–31 ); lateral patch on T4 present as a dense tuft of setae (Fig. 22 View Figure 20–24 ); T5 with lateral patch present (Fig. 22 View Figure 20–24 )	Dvivarnus elektrolythron Talamas & Mikó, sp. n.
-	Frons with central keel extending to torular triangle (Figs 16-18 View Figure 15–19 ); mesoscutellum with posterior margin concave between mesoscutellar spines in dorsal view (Figs 26 View Figure 25–26 , 33 View Figure 32–33 , 36 View Figure 34–39 ); pronotum with posterior portion predominantly smooth (Figs 25 View Figure 25–26 , 32 View Figure 32–33 , 34-35 View Figure 34–39 ); lateral patch on T4 broad (Figs 39 View Figure 34–39 , 21 View Figure 20–24 , 23 View Figure 20–24 ); T5 without lateral patch (Figs 21 View Figure 20–24 , 23 View Figure 20–24 )	2
2	Torular triangle setose (Figs 16-17 View Figure 15–19 ); sulcus in metanotal trough foveolate (Fig. 5 View Figure 5–10 ); lateral face of pronotum with epomial carina (Fig. 25 View Figure 25–26 )	Dvivarnus agamades (Kozlov & Lê)
-	Torular triangle without setation (Fig. 18 View Figure 15–19 ); sulcus in metanotal trough present as an elongate furrow (Figs 6 View Figure 5–10 , 36-37 View Figure 34–39 ); lateral face of pronotum without epomial carina (Fig. 34 View Figure 34–39 )	Dvivarnus mikuki Talamas & Mikó, sp. n.