Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) sericeus ( Harold, 1867 )

Valois, Marcely C., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. & Silva, Fernando A. B., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4277 (4), pp. 503-530 : 508-511

Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) sericeus ( Harold, 1867)

( Figs 2 a–h, 10a, 11a, e, h, 12a)

Pinotus sericeus Harold, 1867: 97 ; Felsche, 1901: 140 (identification key); Luederwaldt, 1929: 83 (diagnosis and identification key); Blackwelder, 1944: 208 (checklist).

Dichotomius sericeus :Vaz-de-Mello, 2000: 193 (checklist).

Pinotus sericeus var. aterrimus Luederwaldt, 1929: 83 ; Blackwelder, 1944: 208 (checklist).

Dichotomius sericeus var. aterrimus : Vaz-de-Mello, 2000: 193 (checklist).

Material examined. Type material, Pinotus sericeus Harold , Lectotype ♂ (here designated; MNHN): 1. [old white label, bordered in red, handwritten, Harold's handwritting] Columb. Cay. P. sericeus Harold. / 2. [white label, bordered in black, printed in black] Ex — Musaeo, E. Harold./ 3. [green label, small] Museum Paris, ex Coll., R. Oberthur/ 4. [red label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Lectotype ♂, Pinotus sericeus Har. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotype ♂ (MNHN):1. [old white label, small, handwritten) Columbia/ 2. [white label, bordered in black, printed in black] Ex — Musaeo, E. Harold/ 3. [green label, small] Museum Paris, ex Coll., R. Oberthur/ 4. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♂, Pinotus sericeus Har. , des. F. Z. Vazde-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotype ♀ (MNHN): 1. [red label, small, handwritten] Columbia/ 2. [white label, bordered in black, printed in black] Ex — Musaeo, E. Harold/ 3. [green label, small] Museum Paris, ex Coll., R. Oberthur/ 4. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♀, Pinotus sericeus Har. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Pinotus var. aterrimus Luderwaldt , Lectotype ♂ (here designated; MZSP): 1. [white, barely legible, printed] Petropolis, 4.I.99 / 2. [pink, printed, black bordered] COTIPO/ 3. [white, printed] 17862 / 4. [white, written in black, Luederwaldt's handwritting] Pinotus ♂, sericeus H., Lüd. dit. 22, var: Nach, iridiscend., forma a.. / 5. [white, written in blue, Luederwaldt's handwritting] P. sericeus , var. aterrimus, Lüderw., Lüderw. det. 34. / 6. [red label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Lectotype ♂, Pinotus sericeus Har. , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotype ♂ (MZSP): 1. [white, barely legible, printed] Petropolis, 23.I.99 / 2. [pink, printed, black bordered] COTIPO /3. [white, printed] 17863 /4. [white, written in black, Luederwaldt's handwritting] Pinotus ♂, sericeus H., Lüd. dit. 22/ 5. [white, written in black, Luederwaldt's handwritting] P. sericeus Har. , var. aterrimus, Luede., Lüd. dit. 1934/ 6. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♂, Pinotus sericeus var. aterrimus , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Paralectotype ♂ (MZSP): 1. [white, barely legible, printed] Petropolis, 10.229/ 2. [white, written in black, Luederwaldt's handwritting] Pinotus ♂, sericeus H., Lüd. dit. 22, var. Nach, iridiscend., forma a/ 3. [pink, printed, black bordered] COTIPO/ 4. [white, printed] 17863/ 5. [white, written in blue, black bordered, Luederwaldt's handwritting] P. sericeus var., aterrimus Lüderw., Lüderw. det. 34/ 6. [yellow label, bordered and printed in black, handwritten] Paralectotype ♂, Pinotus sericeus var. aterrimus , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014.

Non-type material [359 males and 319 females]. BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO: IV.2010, B. Araújo & F. Fernandez — 3♂ 4♀ ( CEMT) ; Nova Friburgo , [42°34'10.5"W; 22°20'53.7"S], XII. 1995, Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello — 1♂ ( CEMT), Mury, [42°29'34.7"W; 22°19'13.4"S], I.1996, Greg & Guimarães — 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Floresta da Tijuca [43°17’10.3”W; 22°56’46”S], XII. 1985, C. Godinho — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT), Bom Retiro, II.2008, W. Beiroz — 3♂ 2♀ ( CEMT), Açude Solidão, IX.2008, W. Beiroz — 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but II.2009 — 2 ♂ 2♀ ( CEMT), Morro do Alto , VI.2008, W. Beiroz — 2♂ ( CEMT), Centro de visitantes, II.2008, W. Beiroz — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Restinga da Marambaia , (43°59'W; 23°03'S), IX.2008, W. Beiroz — 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but II.2010 — 5 ♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) ; Cabo Frio , [41°57'06.7"W; 22°48'11.2"S], I.1990, E. Grossi — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Jardim Botânico , [43°13'30.1"W; 22°58'02.3"S], XII.1992, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello — 2 ♂ ( CEMT) , same data but XII.1991 — 1 ♀ ( CEMT) ; Copacabana , XI.1990, A. Bello — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Parque Lage , XII.1991, Martínez — 2♂ ( CEMT) ; Guanabara, Represa Rio grande — Tático , (39° 58’43”W; 19°03’50”S), I.1968, Martínez — 1♂ ( CEMT) . ESPÍRITO SANTO: Conceição do Castelo , [41°14'25.8"W; 20°21'48.1"S], II. 1994, Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello — 2♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) . SÃO PAULO: Salesópolis , (46°20’36”W; 23°51’27”S), I.2006, M. Uehara — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT), Serra do Mar, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (50 km SE Mogi das cruzes), IV.1997, F.Génier & S. Ide — 6♂ 6♀ ( CMN), [São Carlos, 47°52'59.8"W; 22°00'10.1"S] close to Rio quilombo, X.2008, F. R. Fernandes — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Mogi das cruzes, Parque das “nuvens” [Parque das Neblinas, 46°09'48"W; 23°44′53"S], III.2006, M. Uehara — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Botelho , (47°55’51”W; 24°11’55”S), I.2012, E. Bovy — 10♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) ; São Miguel Arcanjo, Parque Estadual Botelho , (47°58’47”W; 24°03’32”S), IV.2012, Marion Boutefeu — 52♂ 43♀ ( CEMT) , same data but III.2012 — 15 ♂ 24♀ ( CEMT) , same data but V.2012 — 1 ♂ 5♀ ( CEMT) , same data but I.2012, E. Bovy — 9♂ 15♀ ( CEMT) , same data but III.2012 — 7 ♂ 6♀ ( CEMT) , same data but XI.2011 — 5 ♂ 11♀ ( CEMT) ; Caraguatatuba, Parque Estadual Serra do Mar ,(45°25’24”W; 23°35’30”S), I.2012, E. Bovy — 33♂ 26♀ ( CEMT) ; Picinguaba, Parque Estadual Serra do Mar , (44°59’02”W; 23°20’08”S), I.2012, E. Bovy — 91♂ 74♀ ( CEMT) ; Parque Estadual Intervales , (48°24’W; 24°18’S), III.2012, E. Bovy — 6♂ 9♀ ( CEMT) , same data but sede Ribeirão, (48°25’18”W; 24°16’35”S), 5♂ 7♀ ( CEMT) , same data but sede Carmo, (48°24’32”W; 24°18’33”S), 1♂ 1♀ — ( CEMT) . SANTA CATARINA: Anitápolis , [49°07'W; 27°54'S], I.2013, T.R.O Simões — 1♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) ; Antônio Carlos , (48°51'W; 27°25'S), XII.2012, J.A. Bogoni — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Bombinhas , (48°; 27°S), X.2011, C. C. Oliveira — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Campos Novos , (51°12'W; 27°23'S), II.2011, R. C. Campos — 2♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Florianópolis , (48°28'W; 27°32'S), II.2012, P.G. Silva — 3♂ 4♀ ( CEMT) , same data but (48°28'W; 27°39'S), III.2010, C. E. Cereto — 2♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) , same data but (48°28'W; 27°31'S), I.2013, P. G. Silva — 4♂ 6♀ ( CEMT), Lagoa do Peri, (48°32'W; 27°43'S), IX.2007, A. Martins & M. Hernandéz — 5♂ 6♀ ( CEMT) , same data but VII.2007, P. Condé & M. Hernandéz - 2♂ ( CEMT) , same data but IX.2007 - 1 ♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but VII.2007 — 2 ♀ ( CEMT), Praia Pântano do sul, (48°31'W; 27°47'S), IV.2009, Hernandez & Heusi — 1♂ ( CEMT), Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro ( UCAD), I.2004, Carlos — 6♂ 9♀ ( CEMT) , same data but XII.2003 — 16 ♂ 18♀ ( CEMT) , same data but X.2003 — 1 ♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but III.2004 — 2 ♀ ( CEMT) , same data but VII.2004 — 1 ♂ 4♀ ( CEMT) , same data but XI.2003 — 3 ♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) , same data but X.2004 — 2 ♀ ( CEMT) ; same data but III.2003 — 2 ♂ ( CEMT) , same data but V.2004 — 10 ♂ 6♀ ( CEMT) ; Garuva, Estrada Bobita , (48°56'23"W; 26°07'36"S), III.2014, Nunes & Sawarls — 1♂ ( CEMT) ; Monte castelo, (50°19'W; 26°43'S), I.2013, A. L. Brandi — 3♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but (50°18'W; 26°40'S), XII.2012, A.L. Brandi — 2♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Nova Veneza , (49°35'W; 28°33'S), III. 2012, J. A. Bogoni — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Pedro de Alcântara , (48°53'W; 27°37'S), XII.2012, J.A. Bogoni — 2♀ ( CEMT) ; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz , (48°48'W; 27°44'S), IX.2009, C. B. Marcon & M.I.M. Hernandéz — 4♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) . MINAS GERAIS: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Canastra , (46°25'11"W; 20°15'17"S), XI.2007, 1 ♀ ( CEMT) . PARANÁ: Altamira do Paraná, Estrada Porto da bota, (52°42'W; 24°52'S), III.2011, Grossi — 1♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) ; Balsa Nova, São Luiz de Purunã, Fazenda Monjolo , (49°70’W; 25°45’S), XII.2006 - I.2007, P. Lowenberg Neto — 3♂ 4♀ ( CEMT) , same data but (49°70'W; 25°45'S), I.2007 — 3 ♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) . RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Mato Castelhano [52°11'37.6"W; 28°16'46.2"S], Flona Passo fundo, III.2009, Moraes — 2♀ ( CEMT) ; Triunfo , [51°42'27.7"W; 29°55'46.4"S] COPESUL, IX.2001, MCN — 3♀ ( CEMT) . ARGENTINA: MISIONES: (54,06530; 26,02375), II.2014, G. A. Zurita, A. Gómez & V. Gimenez — 1♂ 2♀ ( CEMT), Dos de mayo, XII.2007, E. Abadie — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; P.N. Iguazu, send. Macuto , XII. 1980, S & J. Peck — 2♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) , same data but XII.1990 — 1 ♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) , same data but XII. 1991 — 3 ♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) ; CHACO PROVINCE, [60°57'21.3"W; 26°01'36.8"S], XII. 1990, S. & J. Peck — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) . PARAGUAY: MISIONES: [56°54′W; 27°24′S], X.1975, Martínez — 1♂ 1♀ ( CMN), Ayolas, X.1975, Martínez — 1♂ 1♀ ( CMN) ; ITAPÚA San Pedro [del Paraná], (26°31'24"; 55°48'18"), XI.2000, Z. H. Falin — 2♂ 2♀ ( CMN) . CAAZAPA: Estero Cristal, 20. XI.1999 – 2 ♂ ( CEMT) .

Diagnosis. Dichotomius sericeus is similar to D. laevicollis and D. iannuzziae sp. nov. in having the pronotal disc covered by only sparse simple punctures, visible at high magnification ( Figs 2 d, 4d, 8d) and the pygidial disc with ocellate punctures restricted at the margins ( Fig. 11 h). However, it can be distinguished from those species by: male clypeal and genal discs with transversal ridges, lacking well-defined ocellate punctures ( Fig. 2 b); central portion of frons strongly depressed; pronotum lateral margins smooth on anterior half, lacking row of ocellate punctures ( Fig. 2 e); pronotum with ocellate punctures near posterior margin; posterior margins of meso- and metafemur with longitudinal sulcus on apical half; sulcus approximately as wide as one-eighth of femur ( Fig. 11 c).

Redescription: Length. 12–17 mm. Body black, with glossy bluish sheen on pronotum and elytral surfaces ( Fig. 2 a). Head: dorsal interocular surface with coarse ocellate punctures, denser near to the eyes ( Fig. 2 b). Pronotum: strongly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 11 a). Anterior and posterior margins with band of ocellate punctures, frequently forming a single row of punctures ( Fig. 2 d). Margination of posterior border with dense punctures near posterior angles. Hypomera: punctures of posterolateral portion slightly elliptical, setigerous and sparse, separated from each other by just under three times their diameter. Metasternum: anterior lobe densely punctate with ocellate punctures interspersed; ocellate punctures forming a row close to the inner margin of mesocoxae, some punctures setigerous. Lateral portion of metasternum with large, ocellate and setigerous punctures, separated from each other approximately by their diameter. Elytra: silky bluish sheen. Surface of interstriae slightly convex and punctate, punctures noticeable only at high magnification. Legs: ventral surface of profemur with ocellate and setigerous punctures along the midline. Posterior margin of profemur with a narrow longitudinal sulcus and well-defined microsculpture. Ventral surface of meso and metafemur with sparse setigerous punctures near the apex. Row of setae toward the body on ventral surface of mesotibia extending the entire length of the tibia ( Fig. 11 e). Abdomen: medial portion of abdominal sternites with a single row of small and ocellate punctures; lateral portions with dense, large and ocellate punctures on anterior half. Length of male medial portion of sixth sternite half that of the fifth. Pygidium: slightly wider than long. Aedeagus: parameres subtriangular, 2/3 as long as the phallobase ( Figs 2 f–h). [lateral view] — dorsal margin of parameres strongly curved outward on apical half ( Fig. 2 f). Ventral margin of parameres strongly curved inward on basal-third and slightly curved inward on apical two-thirds ( Fig. 2 f). [ventral view] — inner margins of parameres slightly curved outward ( Fig. 2 g). [dorsal view] — basal portion of parameres wider than apical portion ( Fig. 2 h). External margins of parameres expanded toward apex ( Fig. 2 h). Inner margins parallel ( Fig. 2 h). Endophallus: lamella copulatrix — Projection square-shaped; superior portion almost straight but narrowed medially; lateral portion straight ( Fig. 10 a). Secondary sexual characters: females differ from males as follows: clypeal teeth more acute ( Fig. 2 c); surface of clypeus with well-defined transversal ridges ( Fig. 2 c); medial portion of sixth sternite as long as the fifth.

Remarks. It is important to note that both the original description and several syntypes state “Columbia” [Colombia, South America] as the type-locality. However, it is clear by direct specimen comparison that those are mislabeled specimens. From the available data this species inhabits southern Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867). a— body, dorsal view; b— head, male; c— head, female; d— pronotum; epronotum detail (lateral margin, arrow). Aedeagus. f— lateral view; g— ventral view; h— dorsal view.

FIGURE 10. Lamella copulatrix. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867); b— D. irinus (Harold, 1867); c— D. laevicollis (Felsche, 1901); d— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001; e— Dichotomius guaribensis sp. nov.; f— Dichotomius gilletti sp. nov.; g— Dichotomius iannuzziae sp. nov.; h— Dichotomius catimbau sp. nov. Scale bar 0,5 mm.

FIGURE 11. External morphology of D. sericeus species group. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867), body, lateral view; b— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001, body, lateral view; c— D. sericeus, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; d— D. schiffleri, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; e— D. sericeus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); f— D. irinus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); g— D. irinus, pygidium; h— D. sericeus, pygidium.