Hyptidinae

González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Castro-Castro, Arturo, Argüelles, Alejandra Flores- & Romero-Guzmán, Ariosto Rafael, 2014, Discovery of Hyptis pseudolantana in Jalisco and Michoacán, and description of H. cualensis and H. macvaughii (Ocimeae, Lamiaceae), two new species from western Mexico, Phytotaxa 163 (3), pp. 149-165 : 162-164

Key to species of tribe Hyptidinae in western Mexico

[ Asterohyptis nayarana B.L. Turner (2011: 2) is not included in the key below because we consider this as synonym of A. seemannii Epling (1933: 20) , an issue that is being justified in an ongoing publication]

1. Inflorescence lax capitate generally with less than 5 flowers; calyx lobes reflexed in fruit (backwardly oriented); mericarps cymbiform .................................................................................................................................... Marsypianthes chamaedrys

– Inflorescences variable, racemiform to spiciform, if capitate, these are compact and built by more than 10 flowers, except in Hyptis suaveolens which has 5 or less flowers per cyme; calyx lobes straight in fruit (uprightly or laterally, but not backwardly, oriented); mericarps ovoid to flattened...................................................................................................................... 2

2. Plants gynodioecious; calyx lobes thin and resembling spines, laterally oriented, which give to the calyx a five-pointed star appearance in sectional view; corollas white, middle lower corolla lip not thickened and not wrapping the stamens, which are not explosively released ................................................................................................................................................... 3

– Plants monoecious with bisexual flowers; calyx lobes variable in shape and generally uprightly oriented, without a fivepointed star appearance in sectional view; corollas white, blue, purple, violet, to pink, middle lower corolla lip thickened and wrapping the stamens, which explosively releases them when these are mature and in response to vibration .............. 4

3. Floral nodes in blossom 5–7 mm diameter; calyx lobes 0.5–0.7 mm long. Plants from northern Jalisco, Nayarit, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora and Chihuahua ........................................................................................................... Asterohyptis seemannii

– Floral nodes in blossom 8–12 mm diameter; calyx lobes 1.5–3.5 mm long. Plants widely distributed from Sonora ( Mexico) to Central America ................................................................................................................................ Asterohyptis stellulata

4. Plants with branched hairs in the stems, leaves and inflorescences (in Hyptis oblongifolia these hairs are more abundant in the stems and leaves, but sometimes are difficult to be appreciated, and at times are absent) .............................................. 5

– Plants without branched hairs ................................................................................................................................................ 7

5. Flowers sessile, arranged in opposite glomeruli throughout the floral axis, with peduncles 3–10 mm long. Plants from oak, pine-oak and montane cloud forests ......................................................................................................... Hyptis oblongifolia

– Flowers pedicellate, pedicels 2–14 mm long, directly inserted in floral axis, without a secondary peduncle. Plants typical from roadsides, tropical deciduous forests, savannoid and secondary vegetation ................................................................. 6

6. Leaves ashy green above, white tomentose below; floral axes, pedicels and calyces white due to the pubescence; pedicels 2–3 mm long; calyx teeth 1.5–1.8 mm long. Plants from roadsides, tropical deciduous forests and secondary vegetation; widespread throughout Mexico........................................................................................................................... Hyptis albida

– Leaves bright green on both sides, sparsely pubescent; floral axes, pedicels and calyces pale purple to green; pedicels (6.7–) 9– 15 mm long; calyx teeth 0.2–0.4 mm long. Plants from savannoid vegetation and subtropical deciduous forests; endemic to western Jalisco and southern Nayarit. ........................................................................................................ Hyptis macvaughii

7. Inflorescences in spherical glomeruli 1.3–3 cm in diam., covered at the base with an involucre of lanceolate bracts, each glomerulus arranged to leaf axil with a peduncle (1.6–) 3–12 cm long; flowers sessile or with pedicels up to 0.5 mm long. .......................................................................................................................................................................... Hyptis capitata

– Inflorescences spiciform and racemiform, if similar to a glomerulus, then less than 10 mm in diam., without an involucre at the base, not arranged to leaf axil (but to a inflorescence axis) and peduncles shorter than 2 cm long; flowers mostly with pedicels 1 mm long................................................................................................................................................................. 8

8. Leaves coriaceous, petioles 2–10(–11.5) mm long; inflorescences compact with sessile flowers, arranged in sessile pectinate opposite cymes or with peduncles up to 5 mm long ...................................................................................................... 9

– Leaves thin, petioles regularly longer than 15 mm long; inflorescences lax with sessile to pedicellate flowers, arranged in glomeruli with peduncles longer than 8 mm long................................................................................................................ 10

9. Peduncle bracts composed by reduced leaves throughout the inflorescence; flowers per cyme 3–7; bracteoles 3.5–5.4(– 7.4) mm long; calyx bilabiate, upper lip composed by three connate teeth, lower lips composed by the other two teeth; calyx tube 2.4–2.9 × 2.5–2.6(–3) mm in flower, and 7–7.4 × 3.5–3.8 mm in fruit; calyx teeth 2.5–4.5 mm long in flower and 7.3 mm long in fruit; mericarp (1.9–)2.5–2.6 × (1–) 1.4–1.6 mm. Plants widespread in Jalisco, Nayarit, and southern Sinaloa and Durango, from (400–)1600–2000(–2200) m elevation ................................................................ Hyptis rhytidea

– Peduncle bracts composed by reduced leaves only at the base of the inflorescence and then differentiated into linear structures; flowers per cyme 7–10; bracteoles 1.3–2.2 mm long; calyx actinomorphic, without two sets of teeth; calyx tube 1.6– 2.5 × 1.6–2 mm in flower, and 3.1–3.5 × 2.5–2.7 mm in fruit; calyx teeth 0.8–1.3 mm long in flower, and up to 1.5 mm long in fruit; mericarp 1.6–1.8(–1.9) × 0.8–1 mm. Plants exclusive of the Pacific slopes of Sierra de El Cuale, Jalisco, growing from 1100–1227 m elevation ........................................................................................................... Hyptis cualensis

10. Inflorescences spiciform cylindrical, compact (floral axis surface is hidden by flowers and floral bracts); floral bracts linear (less than 0.5 mm wide) with rigid central vein and ciliated at margin; flowers sessile with calyces hidden by floral bracts ............................................................................................................................................................. Hyptis spicigera

– Inflorescences racemiform, very rarely with spiciform appearance; floral bracts ovate (more than 1 mm wide) to linear, without rigid central vein and not ciliated at margin; most flowers with pedicels at least 1 mm long, calyces not completely hidden by floral bracts..........................................................................................................................................................11

11. Floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate; calyces tubular ................................................................................ Hyptis mutabilis

– Floral bracts linear; calyces infundibuliform ...................................................................................................................... 12

12. Inflorescences in purple lax racemes; pedicels 3–12 mm long; calyx lobes triangular, less than 0.5 mm long, which gives to the calyx a truncate appearance at apex ........................................................................................................... Hyptis subtilis

– Inflorescences in green to yellowish compact racemes; pedicels absent or shorter than 3 mm long; calyx lobes linear or shortly triangular at base and then linear, longer than 1 mm, hence the calyx without a truncate appearance at apex ....... 13

13. Flowers up to 5 in each cyme; calyx tube 5–8 mm long and 6–7 mm wide at the throat, in fruit (there is a striking difference between flowering and fruiting calyx tube size in a same individual) ................................................ Hyptis suaveolens

– Flowers 10 or more in each cyme; calyx tube 2–4 mm long and less than 2.5 mm wide at the throat, in fruit (size difference between flowering and fruiting calyx tubes in the same individual is not apparent)........................................................... 14

14. Flowers in compact spherical glomeruli, densely white tomentose, the hairs hidding almost whole floral bracts and calyx tubes, usually with branched hairs mainly in the leaves and stems, but which sometimes are difficult to be appreciated .... ................................................................................................................................................................... Hyptis oblongifolia

– Flowers in hemispherical glomerulus or pectinate cymes, not densely tomentose, the hairs not hidding floral bracts and calyx tubes, never with branched hairs ................................................................................................................................ 15

15. Calyx lobes linear (triangular only in the base for 1/4 to 1/5 of its length), with a ring of hairs clearly defined inserted internally in the throat and projecting between the lobes ........................................................................................................... 16

– Calyx lobes triangular, with a ring of hairs diffusely or well-defined inserted internally in the throat but not projecting between the lobes ................................................................................................................................................................. 17

16. Flowers arranged in pectinate cymes with peduncles 1–2 mm long; calyx tube surrounded with a thickened vein just below its apical portion, being perpendicular to calyx lobes .................................................................................... Hyptis pectinata

– Flowers arranged in not pectinate cymes with peduncles 10–30 mm long; calyx tube without a thickened vein surrounding it at its apical portion ..................................................................................................................................... Hyptis urticoides

17. Stems, petioles, and leaves without glandular-capitate hairs; blades 1.6–5.5 × 0.9–3.7 cm, rounded to short cuneate at the base, irregularly serrate at the margin; flowers arranged in pectinate cymes, peduncles 3–7 mm long; calyx 2.6–3.7 mm long in flower, with a diffuse ring of hairs internally inserted just below the throat. Plants only known from western sides of Sierra del Halo, Jalisco, eastern Sierra de Coalcomán, and northeastern slopes of Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero ....... ............................................................................................................................................................... Hyptis pseudolantana

– Stems, petioles, and lower blade surface covered with glandular-capitate hairs; blades 6–10 × 4–6 cm, cordate at the base, serrate at the margin; flowers in spherical glomerulus, peduncles 8–20 mm long; calyx 4–5.9 mm long in flower, with a well-defined ring of hairs internally inserted below the throat. Plants only known from the mountain range in San Sebastián del Oeste and Sierra de El Cuale, Jalisco ...................................................................................... Hyptis pinetorum