Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret)

Kondo, Takumasa & Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana, 2016, Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia, Insecta Mundi 2016 (465), pp. 1-24 : 5

Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret) ( Fig. 1A, B )

Material studied. Colombia. Caldas: Belalcazar: Peñitas , 1400 m, coll. A. Ramos, ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 1 ( MECP) . Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Esmeralda , 04°39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75°48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 16.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO) ; Finca La Porra , 04°40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75°44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10.xi.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado ‘ Booth 8’, 2 ( UVCO) ; 2 ( MECP); Same data except coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO) ; Finca Los Alpes , 04°42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75°49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8’, 1 ( UVCO), 3 ( MECP) ; Same data except 28.x.2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO) ; Same data except 28.x.2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO) ; Same data, except no coordinates nor elevation given, 9.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 1 ( MECP) ; Finca Villa del Sol , 04°42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75°50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cultivar ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Caicedonia: Finca El Chaquiro , 04°17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m, 02.iii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 2 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Finca Corinto , 04°17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20.iv.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP) ; Same data except ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1( UVCO) ; Finca El Palmar , 04°17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75°53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28.x.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8’, 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Same data except, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( MECP) ; Same data except coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO) ; Finca La Cabaña , 04°17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75°50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 9.ii.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Same data, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 ( MECP) ; Finca Linares , 04°17 ′ 53.2 ″ N, 75°51 ′ 50.9 ″ W, 1490 m, 2.iii.2009, coll. A. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO) ; El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia , 03°38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76°06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19.xii.2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( UVCO), 2 ( MECP) ; Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil , 03°36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76°25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’, 2 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP) ; Same data except, 03°38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76°06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19.xii.2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 ( MECP) ; Ulloa: Finca La Catalina , 04°41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75°45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 4.v.2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 1 ( UVCO), 1 ( MECP) .

Distribution. Cosmopolitan ( Ben-Dov et al. 2015).

Remarks. The species was found on the underside of avocado leaves on the following cultivars: ‘Booth 8’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Hass’, ‘Lorena’ and an undetermined cultivar. The Cyanophyllum scale, H. cyanophylli is highly polyphagous and has been recorded on 75 genera in 18 plant families ( Borchsenius 1966). Hemiberlesia cyanophylli , A. tubercularis and C. dictyospermi are frequently found on the fruit of ‘Hass’ avocado, although their damage appears to be only cosmetic. It should be noted that we did not find any other diaspidid species on fruits of other avocado cultivars. This could be due to the rugose texture of the fruit of ‘Hass’ avocados, which provides a perfect place for feeding and settling. These three diaspidid species are here considered of quarantine importance because they can be found on fruit.

Figures

Figure 1. Common scale insects on avocado trees. Diaspididae: A. Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret) on fruit of ‘Hass’ cultivar; B. H. cyanophylli on leaf; C. Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock) on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; Coccidae: D. Ceroplastes rubens Maskell on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; E. Coccus hesperidum L. on leaf of guava; F. Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; G. Pulvinaria psidii Maskell on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar; H. Saissetia neglecta De Lotto on Erythrina sp.; Pseudococcidae: I. Ferrisia williamsi Kaydan and Gullan on leaf of ‘Lorena’ cultivar. Photos by T. Kondo.