chalcidid

Binoy, C., Nivetha, S. & Arulprakash, R., 2024, Chalcidid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) of Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) on coconut palm in southern India, Zootaxa 5537 (4), pp. 493-510 : 496-497

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5537.4.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26BA78B1-2B0D-4560-A393-1DC1C8E5342E
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14269134
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3300F605-FFC0-2918-6CE6-96130E98B693
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	chalcidid
status

Treatment

Key to chalcidid View in CoL species parasitizing pupae of the black headed caterpillar

1. Metatibia apically almost perpendicularly truncate and with two spurs (e.g. Figs 16 View FIGURES 11–18 , 25 View FIGURES 23–26 , 52 View FIGURES 49–53 , 56 View FIGURES 54–57 , 60 View FIGURES 58–61 ) [ Haltichellinae ]....... 2

– Metatibia apically obliquely truncate, forming a subtriangular or elongate stout spine produced well beyond insertion of tarsus, and with one spur (e.g. Figs 29 View FIGURES 27–30 , 33 View FIGURES 31–34 , 39 View FIGURES 35–39 , 42 View FIGURES 40–43 , 48 View FIGURES 44–48 ) [ Brachymeriinae ].............................................. 10

2. Marginal vein more or less on wing margin, pmv present (occasionally stub-like), and stv distinctly developed (e.g. Figs 121, 19, 23, 49) ( Haltichellini ).............................................................................. 3

– Marginal vein short and distinctly removed from anterior wing margin, pmv absent, and stv usually rudimentary ( Fig. 58 View FIGURES 58–61 ) [metafemur with a massive basal tooth followed by long comb of serrulation, densely setose ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 58–61 )] ( Hybothoracini )........................................................................... Psilochalcis carinigena (Cameron)

3. Metatibia externally without additional outer carina within distal half (e.g. Figs 16 View FIGURES 11–18 , 21 View FIGURES 19–22 , 23 View FIGURES 23–26 , 56 View FIGURES 54–57 )........................ 4

– Metatibia externally with additional outer carina within distal half ( Fig. 52 View FIGURES 49–53 , arrow) [scutellum apically distinctly bidentate with two large lobes ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 49–53 ); fore wing with infumation darkest behind mv ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 49–53 ); Gt 1 dorsally with two basal carinae ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 49–53 )]................................................................... Haltichella macrocera (Waterston)

4. Ventral margin of metafemur with uni- or bilobed serrulation (e.g. Figs 16 View FIGURES 11–18 , 21 View FIGURES 19–22 , 25 View FIGURES 23–26 )................................. 5

– Ventral margin of metafemur with tri-lobed serrulation ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 54–57 ) [pronotal carina indistinct at least laterally and pronotum without medial tubercles ( Fig. 57 View FIGURES 54–57 ); fore wing with two distinct brown regions separated by hyaline spot ( Figs 54, 57 View FIGURES 54–57 ); metafemur brown with apex red-brown; metatibia red-brown] ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 54–57 ).................. Kriechbaumerella destructor (Waterston)

5. Face with conspicuous and complete horse-shoe shaped carina (e.g. Figs 13 View FIGURES 11–18 , 20 View FIGURES 19–22 ); pronotal carina distinct and with strong to weak medial tubercles (e.g. Figs 14 View FIGURES 11–18 , 22 View FIGURES 19–22 ) [Genus Antrocephalus Kirby ]........................................... 6

– Face without horse-shoe shaped carina; pronotal collar without carina or tubercles [fore wing with a clear white spot with white pubescence near stv].......................................................... Hockeria opisinae Narendran

6. Preorbital carina joining auricular carina ( Figs 13 View FIGURES 11–18 , 20 View FIGURES 19–22 , arrow).................................................. 7

– Preorbital carinae not joining auricular carina............................................................... 8

7. Metacoxa with weak dorsobasal tubercle; metafemur with an inner basal tooth/tubercle ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 11–18 , arrow); scutellum ending in a medially notched or strong emargination................................... Antrocephalus hakonensis (Ashmead)

– Metacoxa with prominent dorsobasal tubercle ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 19–22 , arrow); metafemur without an inner basal tooth/tubercle; scutellum apically bilobed, with a narrow emargination between the lobes ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 19–22 , arrow)........... Antrocephalus lugubris (Masi)

8. Gastral tergum 1 with two carinae basally ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 23–26 , arrow).................................................... 9

– Gastral tergum 1 without carinae basally [fore wing with faint black infumation near mv extending to middle; pmv 1.5× mv]..................................................................... Antrocephalus maculipennis Cameron

9. Fore wing with brown spot or regions adjoining mv; pronotal carina distinct, forming tubercles medially; pmv as long as mv ...................................................................... Antrocephalus cariniceps (Cameron)

– Fore wing infumate, without distinct brown spots or regions ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 23–26 ); pronotal carina indistinct, pronotal tubercles absent; pmv 1.2× as long as mv ..................................................... Antrocephalus phaeospilus Waterston

10. Metafemur without an inner basal tooth/tubercle (e.g. Figs 36 View FIGURES 35–39 , 40 View FIGURES 40–43 )............................................. 11

– Metafemur with an inner basal tooth/ tubercle ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 44–48 , arrow) [metafemur angulate dorsally, usually red with apex yellow ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 44–48 ) ..................................................................... Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius)

11. Metacoxa with a ventromesal tooth or protuberance [scutellum rounded or weakly bilobed apically; metasoma oval, distinctly shorter than mesosoma; metatibia yellow except black basally].......................... Brachymeria lasus (Walker)

– Metacoxa without a ventromesal protuberance (e.g. Figs 33 View FIGURES 31–34 , 35 View FIGURES 35–39 , 42 View FIGURES 40–43 )............................................ 12

12. Postorbital carina absent or indistinct [metasoma acuminate, distinctly longer than mesosoma; mesosoma with dense shallow pits, the interstices weakly carinate; metatibia brownish-black with subbasal and apical yellow regions]........................................................................................... Brachymeria excarinata Gahan

– Postorbital carina distinct (e.g. Figs 31 View FIGURES 31–34 , 38 View FIGURES 35–39 , arrow).......................................................... 13

13. Preorbital carina distinct (e.g. Figs 37 View FIGURES 35–39 , arrow, 41)........................................................... 14

– Preorbital carina indistinct/absent [scape reaching median ocellus; median area below scrobe raised, smooth with scattered pits ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 31–34 ); mesosoma with close umbilicate pits; metasoma shorter than mesosoma; metafemur yellow with variably large reddish-brown to brownish-black region ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 31–34 )]............................. Brachymeria megaspila (Cameron)

14. Postorbital carina reaching genotemporal margin........................................................... 15

– Postorbital carina not reaching genotemporal margin........................................................ 16

15. Area ventral to scrobe with median smooth area; scape reaching median ocellus; metatibia shorter than metafemur ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 40–43 )............................................................................... Brachymeria nosatoi Habu

– Area ventral to scrobe without such area; scape not reaching median ocellus; metatibia longer than metafemur ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 35–39 )............................................................................. Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan

16. Scutellum rounded apically; metasoma globose or sub-globose; metatibia yellow with base brown-black....................................................................................... Brachymeria euploeae (Westwood)

– Scutellum emarginate or bilobed apically ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 27–30 ); metasoma sub-acuminate; metatibia yellow apically and basally, medially brown ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 27–30 ).............................................. .. Brachymeria atteviae Joseph Narendran & Joy