Myotis Kaup 1829

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Chiroptera - Family Vespertilionidae, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 451-529 : 499

Myotis Kaup 1829

Myotis Kaup 1829 , Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, Vol. 1: 106.

Type Species: Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen 1797

Synonyms: Aeorestes Fitzinger 1870 ; Anamygdon Troughton 1929 ; Brachyotis Kolenati 1856 ; Capaccinus Bonaparte 1841 ; Chrysopteron Jentink 1910 ; Comastes Fitzinger 1870 ; Dichromyotis Bianchi 1916 ; Euvespertilio Acloque 1899 ; Exochurus Fitzinger 1870 ; Hesperomyotis Cabrera 1958 ; Isotus Kolenate 1856 ; Leuconoe Boie 1830 ; Megapipistrellus Bianchi 1917 ; Nyctactes Kaup 1829 ; Paramyotis Bianchi 1916 ; Pizonyx Miller 1906 ; Pternopterus Peters 1867 ; Rickettia Bianchi 1916 ; Selysius Bonaparte 1841 ; Tralatitus Gervais 1849 ; Trilatitus Gray 1842 .

Species and subspecies: 103 species with 137 subspecies:

Species Myotis abei Yoshikura 1944

Species Myotis adversus (Horsfield 1824)

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. adversus Horsfield 1824

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. carimatae Miller 1906

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. orientis Hill 1983

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie Linde 1908

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. tanimbarensis Kitchener 1995

Subspecies Myotis adversus subsp. wetarensis Kitchener 1995

Species Myotis aelleni Baud 1979

Species Myotis albescens (E. Geoffroy 1806)

Species Myotis alcathoe von Helversen and Heller 2001

Species Myotis altarium Thomas 1911

Species Myotis anjouanensis Dorst 1960

Species Myotis annamiticus Kruskop and Tsytsulina 2001

Species Myotis annectans Dobson 1871

Species Myotis atacamensis Lataste 1892

Species Myotis ater Peters 1866

Subspecies Myotis ater subsp. ater Peters 1866

Subspecies Myotis ater subsp. nugax Allen and Coolidge 1940

Species Myotis auriculus Baker and Stains 1955

Subspecies Myotis auriculus subsp. auriculus Baker and Stains 1955

Subspecies Myotis auriculus subsp. apache Hoffmeister and Krutzsch 1955

Species Myotis australis Dobson 1878

Species Myotis austroriparius Rhoads 1897

Species Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl 1817)

Species Myotis blythii Tomes 1857

Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. blythii Tomes 1857

Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. ancilla Thomas 1910

Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. lesviacus Iliopoulou 1984

Subspecies Myotis blythii subsp. omari Thomas 1906

Species Myotis bocagii Peters 1870

Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. bocagii Peters 1870

Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. cupreolus Thomas 1904

Subspecies Myotis bocagii subsp. dogalensis Monticelli 1887

Species Myotis bombinus Thomas 1905

Subspecies Myotis bombinus subsp. bombinus Thomas 1905

Subspecies Myotis bombinus subsp. amurensis Ognev 1927

Species Myotis brandtii Eversmann 1845

Subspecies Myotis brandtii subsp. brandtii Eversmann 1845

Subspecies Myotis brandtii subsp. gracilis Ognev 1927

Species Myotis bucharensis Kuzyakin 1950

Species Myotis californicus Audubon and Bachman 1842

Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. californicus Audubon and Bachman 1842

Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. caurinus Miller 1897

Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. mexicanus Saussure 1860

Subspecies Myotis californicus subsp. stephensi Dalquest 1946

Species Myotis capaccinii Bonaparte 1837

Species Myotis chiloensis Waterhouse 1840

Species Myotis chinensis Tomes 1857

Species Myotis ciliolabrum Merriam 1886

Species Myotis cobanensis Goodwin 1955

Species Myotis csorbai Topál 1997

Species Myotis dasycneme (Boie 1825)

Species Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl 1817)

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. daubentonii Kuhl 1817

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. chasanensis Tiunov 1997

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. loukashkini Shamel 1942

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. nathalinae Tupinier 1977

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. petax Hollister 1912

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. ussuriensis Ognev 1927

Subspecies Myotis daubentonii subsp. volgensis Eversmann 1840

Species Myotis davidii Peters 1869

Species Myotis dominicensis Miller 1902

Species Myotis elegans Hall 1962

Species Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy 1806)

Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. emarginatus E. Geoffroy 1806

Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. desertorum Dobson 1875

Subspecies Myotis emarginatus subsp. turcomanicus Bobrinskii 1925

Species Myotis evotis H. Allen 1864

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. evotis H. Allen 1864

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. chrysonotus J. A. Allen 1896

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. jonesorum Manning 1993

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. micronyx Nelson and Goldman 1909

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. milleri Elliot 1903

Subspecies Myotis evotis subsp. pacificus Dalquest 1943

Species Myotis fimbriatus Peters 1870

Species Myotis findleyi Bogan 1978

Species Myotis formosus Hodgson 1835

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. formosus Hodgson 1835

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. bartelsi Jentink 1910

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. rufoniger Tomes 1858

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. rufopictus Waterhouse 1845

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. tsuensis Kuroda 1922

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. watasei Kishida 1924

Subspecies Myotis formosus subsp. weberi Jentink 1890

Species Myotis fortidens Miller and Allen 1928

Subspecies Myotis fortidens subsp. fortidens Miller and Allen 1928

Subspecies Myotis fortidens subsp. sonoriensis Findley and Jones 1967

Species Myotis frater G. M. Allen 1923

Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. frater G. M. Allen 1923

Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. eniseensis Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001

Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. kaguyae Imaizumi 1956

Subspecies Myotis frater subsp. longicaudatus Ognev 1927

Species Myotis gomantongensis Francis and Hill 1998

Species Myotis goudoti A. Smith 1834

Species Myotis grisescens A. H. Howell 1909

Species Myotis hajastanicus Argyropulo 1939

Species Myotis hasseltii Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. hasseltii Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. abboti Lyon 1916

Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. continentis Shamel 1942

Subspecies Myotis hasseltii subsp. macellus Temminck 1840

Species Myotis hermani Thomas 1923

Species Myotis horsfieldii Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. horsfieldii Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. deignani Shamel 1942

Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. dryas K. Andersen 1907

Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. jeannei Taylor 1934

Subspecies Myotis horsfieldii subsp. peshwa Thomas 1915

Species Myotis hosonoi Imaizumi 1954

Species Myotis ikonnikovi Ognev 1912

Species Myotis insularum Dobson 1878

Species Myotis keaysi J. A. Allen 1914

Subspecies Myotis keaysi subsp. keaysi J. A. Allen 1914

Subspecies Myotis keaysi subsp. pilosotibialis LaVal 1973

Species Myotis keenii Merriam 1895

Species Myotis laniger Peters 1870

Species Myotis leibii Audubon and Bachman 1842

Species Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy 1824)

Subspecies Myotis levis subsp. levis I. Geoffroy 1824

Subspecies Myotis levis subsp. dinellii I Geoffroy 1824

Species Myotis longipes Dobson 1873

Species Myotis lucifugus Le Conte 1831

Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. lucifugus Le Conte 1831

Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. alascensis Miller 1897

Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. carissima Thomas 1904

Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. pernox Hollister 1911

Subspecies Myotis lucifugus subsp. relictus Harris 1974

Species Myotis macrodactylus Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. macrodactylus Temminck 1840

Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. continentalis Tiunov 1997

Subspecies Myotis macrodactylus subsp. insularis Tiunov 1997

Species Myotis macropus Gould 1854

Species Myotis macrotarsus Waterhouse 1845

Subspecies Myotis macrotarsus subsp. macrotarsus Waterhouse 1845

Subspecies Myotis macrotarsus subsp. saba Davis 1962

Species Myotis martiniquensis LaVal 1973

Subspecies Myotis martiniquensis subsp. martiniquensis LaVal 1973

Subspecies Myotis martiniquensis subsp. nyctor LaVal and Schwartz 1975

Species Myotis melanorhinus Merriam 1890

Species Myotis moluccarum Thomas 1915

Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. moluccarum Thomas 1915

Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. richardsi Kitchener 1995

Subspecies Myotis moluccarum subsp. solomonis Troughton 1929

Species Myotis montivagus Dobson 1874

Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. montivagus Dobson 1874

Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. borneoensis Hill and Francis 1984

Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. federatus Thomas 1916

Subspecies Myotis montivagus subsp. peytoni Wroughton and Ryley 1913

Species Myotis morrisi Hill 1971

Species Myotis muricola Gray 1846

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. muricola Gray 1846

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. browni Taylor 1934

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. caliginosus Tomes 1859

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. herrei Taylor 1934

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. latirostris Kishida 1932

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. moupinensis Milne-Edwards 1872

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. niasensis Lyon 1916

Subspecies Myotis muricola subsp. patriciae Taylor 1934

Species Myotis myotis (Borkhausen 1797)

Subspecies Myotis myotis subsp. myotis Borkhausen 1797

Subspecies Myotis myotis subsp. macrocephalicus Harrison and Lewis 1961

Species Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817)

Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. mystacinus Kuhl 1817

Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. caucasicus Tsytsulina 2000

Subspecies Myotis mystacinus subsp. occidentalis Benda 2000

Species Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817)

Subspecies Myotis nattereri subsp. nattereri Kuhl 1817

Subspecies Myotis nattereri subsp. tschuliensis Kuzyakin 1935

Species Myotis nesopolus Miller 1900

Subspecies Myotis nesopolus subsp. nesopolus Miller 1900

Subspecies Myotis nesopolus subsp. larensis LaVal 1973

Species Myotis nigricans (Schinz 1821)

Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. nigricans Schinz 1821

Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. carteri LaVal 1973

Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. extremus Miller and Allen 1928

Subspecies Myotis nigricans subsp. osculatii Cornalia 1849

Species Myotis nipalensis Dobson 1871

Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. nipalensis Dobson 1871

Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. przewalskii Bobrinski 1926

Subspecies Myotis nipalensis subsp. transcaspicus Ognev and Heptner 1928

Species Myotis occultus Hollister 1909

Species Myotis oreias Temminck 1840

Species Myotis oxygnathus Monticelli 1885

Species Myotis oxyotus Peters 1867

Subspecies Myotis oxyotus subsp. oxyotus Peters 1867

Subspecies Myotis oxyotus subsp. gardneri LaVal 1973

Species Myotis ozensis Imaizumi 1954

Species Myotis peninsularis Miller 1898

Species Myotis pequinius Thomas 1908

Species Myotis planiceps Baker 1955

Species Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki 1971

Species Myotis punicus Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch 1977

Species Myotis ricketti Thomas 1894

Species Myotis ridleyi Thomas 1898

Species Myotis riparius Handley 1960

Species Myotis rosseti Oey 1951

Species Myotis ruber (E. Geoffroy 1806)

Species Myotis schaubi Kormos 1934

Subspecies Myotis schaubi subsp. schaubi Kormos 1934

Subspecies Myotis schaubi subsp. araxenus Dahl 1947

Species Myotis scotti Thomas 1927

Species Myotis septentrionalis Trouessart 1897

Species Myotis sicarius Thomas 1915

Species Myotis siligorensis Horsfield 1855

Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. siligorensis Horsfield 1855

Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. alticraniatus Osgood 1932

Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. sowerbyi Howell 1926

Subspecies Myotis siligorensis subsp. thaianus Shamel 1942

Species Myotis simus Thomas 1901

Species Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen 1928

Species Myotis stalkeri Thomas 1910

Species Myotis thysanodes Miller 1897

Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. thysanodes Miller 1897

Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. aztecus Miller and G. M. Allen 1928

Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. pahasapensis Jones and Genoways 1967

Subspecies Myotis thysanodes subsp. vespertinus Manning and Jones 1988

Species Myotis tricolor Temminck 1832

Species Myotis velifer J. A. Allen 1890

Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. velifer J. A. Allen 1890

Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. brevis Vaughan 1954

Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. grandis Hayward 1970

Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. incautus J. A. Allen 1896

Subspecies Myotis velifer subsp. magnamolaris Choate and Hall 1967

Species Myotis vivesi Menegaux 1901

Species Myotis volans H. Allen 1866

Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. volans H. Allen 1866

Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. amotus Miller 1914

Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. interior Miller 1914

Subspecies Myotis volans subsp. longicrus True 1886

Species Myotis welwitschii Gray 1866

Species Myotis yanbarensis Maeda and Matsumura 1998

Species Myotis yesoensis Yoshiyuki 1984

Species Myotis yumanensis H. Allen 1864

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. yumanensis H. Allen 1864

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. lambi Benson 1947

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. lutosus Miller and G. M. Allen 1928

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. oxalis Dalquest 1947

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. saturatus Miller 1897

Subspecies Myotis yumanensis subsp. sociabilis H. W. Grinnell 1914

Discussion: For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972), Hayman and Hill (1971), and Phillips and Birney (1968). Neotropical species revised by LaVal (1973 a). Apparently does not include Cistugo ; see Rautenbach et al. (1993). Hall (1981) provided a key to North and Central American species; Corbet and Hill (1992) gave a key to Indomalayan species; Bates et al. (1999) provided a key to species found in Vietnam and adjoining countries. Also see Topál (1997) and Stormark (1998). For partial phylogenies see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Kawai et al. (2003). These studies have convincingly demonstrated that the three subgenera of Myotis typically recognized ( Myotis , Leuconoe , and Selysius ) are not monophyletic, but instead represent ecomorphs characterized by convergent morphologies. Menu et al. (2002:320) argued that Leuconoe can be diagnosed as distinct based on dental morphology, and noted that it includes "most of the fossil and living species attribued to Myotis sensu lato within recent accounts and revisions." While this may be true, there is presently no agreement concerning relationships among species previously referred to Myotis , Leuconoe , and Selysius . Accordingly, no subgeneric classification is recognized here, and Leuconoe and Selysius are treated as junior synonyms of Myotis . Woodman (1993) argued that Myotis should be considered feminine in gender (thus requiring changes in the spelling of many specific epithets in Myotis ), but Pritchard (1994) disagreed. Both of these authors appear to have overlooked a 1958 ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature that fixed the gender of Myotis as masculine and placed the name as such on the Offical list of Generic Names in Zoology ( International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1958 a). I follow this ruling, and thus retain the traditional spellings of specific epithets in combination with Myotis .