Phrynoidis asper (Gravenhorst, 1829)

Badli-Sham, Baizul Hafsyam, Syafiq, Muhamad Fatihah, Aziz, Mohd Shahrizan Azrul, Mohd Jalil, Natrah Rafiqah, Awang, Muhammad Taufik, Othman, Muhammad Nouril Ammin, Abdul Aziz, Anis Azira, Dzu, Khunirah, Abdol Wahab, Nurul Asyikin, Jamil, Nor Liyana, Ismail, Murni Azima, Wan Azman, Wan Ahmad Aidil, Xin Wei, Ooi, Jamaha, Nur Ain Nabilah, Aqmal-Naser, Mohamad, Fahmi-Ahmad, Muhammad, Shahirah-Ibrahim, Noor, Rizal, Syed Ahmad, Belabut, Daicus M., Kin Onn, Chan, Quah, Evan Seng Huat, Grismer, Larry Lee & Ahmad, Amirrudin B., 2023, A decade of amphibian studies (Animalia, Amphibia) at Sekayu lowland forest, Hulu Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, ZooKeys 1157, pp. 43-93 : 43

Phrynoidis asper (Gravenhorst, 1829)

Fig. 3F Malayan Giant Toad

Examined specimens.

Nineteen specimens were collected from SLF consisted of 17 specimens from SRF (Juvenile: UMTZC1136, SVL = 17 mm; Males: UMTZC1020, UMTZC1022, UMTZC1031, UMTZC1083, UMTZC1112, UMTZC1129, UMTZC1135, UMTZC1399, UMTZC1483, UMTZC1508, UMTZC1511, UMTZC1575, UMTZC1576, and UMTZC1577, SVL = 24-111 mm; Females: UMTZC1321 and UMTZC1800, SVL = 93-150 mm) and two specimens from SAP (Males: UMTZC1152 and UMTZC1153, 32-34 mm).

Identification.

Morphological characters of the specimens agreed well with the description by Berry (1975) and Sumarli et al. (2015). Size (SVL: 17 mm, n = 1 juvenile; 24-111 mm, n = 16 males; 93-150 mm, n = 2 females); stocky body; supraorbital and supratympanic bony ridges distinct; snout obtusely pointed; paratoid gland rounded to sub-triangular; tympanum distinct; first finger slightly longer than second; subarticular tubercles conspicuous and large. Five specimens absent of X-shaped dorsum marking (UMTZC1031, UMTZC1129, UMTZC1321, UMTZC1483, UMTZC1511).

Remarks.

Phrynoidis asper is common at the stream areas of SLF. This species was typically observed in rocky crevices and the ground near the stream bank. This toad is also amongst the largest species of anuran recorded in this area with a maximum SVL reaching 150 mm.

Figures

Figure 3. A Ansonia latiffi B Ansonia lumut C Duttaphrynus bengalensis (Duttaphrynus sp. 1) D Ingerophrynus parvus E Leptophryne borbonica F Phrynoidis asper G male Rentapia flavomaculata H female R. flavomaculata.