Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

13a. Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens Fig. 6A-E

Schizanthus porrigens Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 11: 401. 1824.

Schizanthus tenuifolius Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 118. 1895.

Schizanthus tenuis Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 124. 1895.

Schizanthus heterophyllus Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 125. 1895.

Type.

United Kingdom. Scotland: Hort. Edin. [cultivated material at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh] (lectotype designated here: E! [E00089607]; isolectotype: E! E00089608]).

Taxonomic notes.

The name Schizanthus porrigens was first used by Graham (1824) when he listed this rare plant growing outside at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Grau and Gronbach (1984: 134) accepted this name as being validly published by Graham, but in our opinion, Graham’s (1824) is not a valid publication of the name, as it only provides a short comparison to S. pinnatus , based on the smaller first emerging leaves (" This species may be distinguished from S. pinnatus even in the seed bed, but the seminal leaves being shorter. "). Hence, the specimen cited by Grau and Gronbach (" s.n. Graham (E)"), should be not considered as type of the name validly published by W.J. Hooker and illustrated by R.K. Greville.

Studying the original description, it is clear to us that the species was described based on cultivated material. Hooker (1824) stated that the plants at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh were growing with individuals of another species, which was previously published by him ( Hooker 1823) (as S. pinnatus , but represents S. litoralis var. litoralis ). Hooker (1823) stated that the seeds were collected by Mr. Cruikshanks [Cruckshanks] and sent to Dr. Graham in Edinburgh. Hooker (1824) cited much information from Graham in his description of S. porrigens .

In trying to locate the type material, we searched for specimens at E and K, as these are the herbaria which hold most of the type specimens by W.J. Hooker (see Taxonomic notes under S. grahamii ). At K, we could not find any specimens of S. porrigens but we found 15 samples at E (https://data.rbge.org.uk/search/herbarium/). Of these, only five were labelled as S. porrigens [E00089607, E00089608, E00089609, E00089610, E00089611]. The first two sheets were identified as possible types of the name S. porrigens Graham by Gronbach in 1983. We think these two specimens are part of the same collection, as both have Greville’s handwriting and show complementary parts of an individual plant: the specimen E00089607 shows the inflorescence while E00089608 comprises a branch with several leaves. We think these specimens could have been used by Greville for illustrating the description. On the other hand, sheets E00089609, E00089610, E00089611 originated from GL and have the handwriting of W.J. Hooker (H. Noltie 2019, pers. comm.). Additionally, we found two herbarium sheets at P that can be related to the description [P00477566, P00477611]. The first one says " Schizanthus porrigens Hook. Fl. Exot. E Chile (misit Hooker 1824) 4733 ". The second sheet has the same information, except for the name of the species " Schizanthus pinnatus ". Both labels were handwritten by Hooker, except for the annotation " misit Hooker 1824 ", which could have been added by E. Drake, former owner of the collection, meaning that the specimens were sent to him by Hooker in 1824 (H. Noltie 2019, pers. comm.). This data matches the year when Hooker described the species. Surely the specimens are duplicates and were part of an exchange of material between herbaria from the United Kingdom and France. We think specimens listed above should be treated as original material of the name Schizanthus porrigens Graham ex Hook. Following Turland et al. (2018: Art. 9.3.), we select the sheet E00089607 as lectotype and E00089608 as isolectotype, as they are considered duplicates and the only sheets that we can clearly relate to the description by Hooker (1824), even though it seems that all other specimens were seen by him.

Key characters.

Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens is a very variable species, especially in the colour of the flowers, which vary from intense rose and sometimes bluish to white. The spots are also variable; with two little ones at the sides of the upper middle lobe and two slightly larger at the upper lateral lobes (in the separation of the lateral and middle lobes). Sometimes, it has a purple irregular line above the yellow area. When the corolla is mostly white, the lower lip has a larger portion coloured light purple, but the same colour also occurs at the margin of the upper lateral lobes.

Distribution.

Endemic to Chile, between the Regions of Coquimbo (Province of Choapa, 32°5' lat. S) and O’Higgins (Province of Cachapoal, 34°20' lat. S). 20-1800 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

One of the most widespread species inhabiting from the coast to the cordillera, in different types of substrates; in shrubby and sclerophyllous communities.

Protected areas.

Chile. Valparaíso: La Campana National Park, BioParque Puquén-Los Molles Private Reserve, Acantilados Federico Santa María Natural Sanctuary, Palmar El Salto Natural Sanctuary, Serranía El Ciprés Natural Sanctuary; Metropolitana: Río Clarillo National Reserve, Cerro El Roble Natural Sanctuary, Yerba Loca Natural Sanctuary, Altos de Cantillana Natural Sanctuary.

Selected specimens examined.

Chile. Coquimbo: [Choapa Province] Pichidangui, 32°9'S, 71°31'W, 15 m a.s.l., 18 Nov 1960, J. Petersen s.n. (CONC); Valparaíso: [Petorca Province] 3 km al S de Papudo, 32°31'S, 71°28'W, 50 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 2001, C. Aedo 6817 (CONC); Caleta Los Molles, inicio sendero al Puquén, 32°14'11.3"S, 71°30'59.7"W, 217 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2008, M. Muñoz 5070 (SGO); [Quillota Province] Cuesta El Melón, 32°40'S, 71°15'W, 500 m a.s.l., 10 Feb 1990, C. von Bohlen 650 (CONC); Parque Nacional La Campana, sector Ocoa, sobre la cascada, 32°57'40.428"S, 71°3'13.86"W, 10 Dec 2000, A. Moreira 487 (SGO); [San Felipe Province] Cuesta Las Chilcas, 32°51'1.5"S, 70°51'32.8"W, 508 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2008, M. Muñoz 5065 (SGO); Santuario Serranía El Ciprés, 32°41'12"S, 70°48'14"W, 1167 m a.s.l., 5 Oct 2013, A. Madrid & J. Larraín 79 (CONC); [ Valparaíso Province] Viña del Mar (El Salto) langs de weg, 11 Nov 1937, C. Andreas 24 (L, U); Quilpué, Teniente Serrano - Poza Larga, coord. UTM 274802E - 6337967W, 19 Nov 2004, O. Fernández 1092 (CONC); Cuesta Zapata, 300 m a.s.l., 27 Oct 1990, C. von Bohlen 834 (SGO); [San Antonio Province] El Quisco, Nov 1976, H. Gunckel & H. Vergara s.n. (CONC); El Tabo, Quebrada de Córdoba, 33°25'S, 7 Oct 1980, C. Villagrán 2878 (SGO); Metropolitana: [Chacabuco Province] Altos de Chicauma, sector Loma Blanca, 33°12'S, 70°56'W, 750 m a.s.l., 29 Sep 2002, N. García, C. Valdivia & F. Salinas 3294 (CONC); Montenegro, UTM 19H 0327491-6351928, 12 Oct 2002, M. Muñoz 4155 (SGO); [Santiago Province] Santuario de la Naturaleza Yerba Loca, laderas al borde del estero de la Yerba Loca, cerca de la confluencia con el río San Francisco, 33°19'S, 70°19'W, 1800 m a.s.l., 16 Dec 1999, M.T.K. Arroyo, C. Valdivia & P. McPherson 994740 (CONC, SGO); [Cordillera Province] San José de Maipo, 12 Oct 1969, A. Cid 13 (CONC); La Obra, 820 m a.s.l., 20 Nov 1927, G. Montero 481 (F); [Maipo Province] Cerro Lo Chena, 780 m a.s.l., 26 Nov 1950, H. Gunckel s.n. (CONC); Fundo Cullipeumo, Cerro Cullipeumo, Champa, 21 Nov 1976, I. Gallardo s.n. (SGO); [Melipilla Province] Camino entre Chorombo y Casablanca, en la cuesta, 33°27'S, 71°19'W, 280 m a.s.l., 17 Sep 2009, I. Escobar 202 (CONC); Alhué, lado del río, 18 Nov 2002, A. Brinck s.n. (SGO); Cuesta de Barriga, between Marruecos and Los Cerrillos, 850 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1948, E.P. Killip & E. Pisano 39675 (US); [Talagante Province] Talagante, Sep 1969, J Salas s.n. (CONC); Mallarauco, 31 Oct 1988, J.P. Schiappacase s.n. (F); O’Higgins: [Cachapoal Province] Palmería Cocalán, 2 Sep 2004, Fundación Philippi 89 (SGO); Angostura de Paine, 25 Oct 1969, O. Zoellner 3461 (CONC); Camino de Rancagua a Caletones, km 14, 1000 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1970, C. Marticorena & E Weldt 639 (CONC).

Figures

Figure 6. A distribution of Schizanthus porrigens B illustration of S. porrigens published with the description of the species (Hooker 1824) C examples of S. porrigens in Putaendo D Cerro La Huinca (Limache) E Los Molles (Valparaiso Region) F distribution of Schizanthus porrigens subsp. borealis G-I examples of S. porrigens subsp. borealis in Cuesta Buenos Aires (north of La Serena). Photos by A. Cadiz (C), A. Moreira-Munoz (D, E, G-I).