Arjuna, MUIR, 1934

Song, Zhi-Shun, Szwedo, Jacek, Wang, Rong-Rong & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Systematic revision of Aluntiini Emeljanov, 1979 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae): reclassification, phylogenetic analysis, and biogeography, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (2), pp. 349-398 : 372

ARJUNA MUIR, 1934

Arjuna Muir, 1934: 583 ; Metcalf 1946: 90; Emeljanov 2008: 311; Emeljanov 2011: 1124.

Type species

Arjuna dohertyi Muir, 1934 ; by original designation.

Diagnosis

The genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: cephalic process curved downwards before eyes; vertex with a secondary longitudinal carina bifurcating from subapex of lateral carinae; frons with lateral carinae well developed from clypeus, but obscure and gradually disappearing anterad to eyes, only a pale trace extending forwards; intermediate carinae extending before eyes; median carina complete, robust, and strongly convex; and aedeagus with a pair of ventrolateral lobes twining around endosomal processes.

Redescription

Head ( Fig. 14A–I ) moderately elongate, as long as or slightly longer than pronotum and mesonotum combined, and curved downwards before eyes. Vertex ( Fig. 14A, D, G ) with lateral carinae distinctly thickened, gradually widened from base, widest before eyes, gradually narrowed towards subapex, then abruptly converging to apex; surface between lateral carinae more or less convex, median carina absent, a transverse depression present at widest area; apex acute; posteri- or margin weakly ridged, arcuately concave. Apex of cephalic process with sharp secondary longitudinal carina bifurcating from subapex of lateral carinae of vertex, extending to the dorsal branch of lateral carinae of frons forming areolets (lanceolate cells in Emeljanov, 2008: 311), then joining to apex of intermediate carinae of frons ( Fig. 14J, K ). Frons ( Fig. 14C, F, I ) widest below antennae, slightly constricted between eyes and narrowed forwards; lateral carinae well developed from clypeus, but obscure and gradually disappearing anterad to eyes, only a pale trace extending forwards ( Fig. 14B, J ); a weak carina crossed areolets, sometimes too weak to be visible ( Emeljanov, 2008); intermediate carinae converging posteriorly and extending before eyes; median carina complete, robust, and strongly convex. An apical median longitudinal carina between anterior margins of frons and vertex very sharp and convex ( Fig. 14K ). Eyes nearly rounded, callus postocularis reduced, forming a triangular process projecting posteriorly. Antennae shifted backwards, pedicel globose, with ∼40 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over the entire surface.

Pronotum ( Fig. 14A, D, G ) relatively large, longer than half of mesonotum; anterior margin centrally arcuately convex, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping, with two lateral carinae on each side; upper carinae narrower than the lower carinae, so in dorsal view the lower carinae are distinctly visible ( Fig. 14A, D, G ); posterior margin broadly angularly concave; disc flat and tricarinate, median and intermediate carinae sharp and high, with a lateral pit on each side. Mesonotum ( Fig. 14A, D, G ) transversely broad, short, flat, and tricarinate; lateral carinae weakly tortuous and abruptly incurved apically, slightly converging forwards. Tegmina ( Fig. 2G ) nearly three times as long as broad; apical area with transverse veins sparse. Legs elongate and slender, fore and middle femora and tibiae distinctly elongate, hind tibiae more than twice as long as hind femora; fore and middle femora slightly thickened at apex, without spine; hind tibiae with four lateral spines and seven apical teeth; hind tarsomeres I and II with between eight and 13 apical teeth, respectively.

Male genitalia with pygofer distinctly narrow and elongate, more than twice ventral width, distinctly wider ventrally than dorsally, in lateral view posterior margin more or less projecting near upper middle ( Figs 15B , 16B , 17B ). Gonostyles symmetrical; base narrow, expanded towards middle, then gradually narrowed towards apex; apex bluntly rounded and projecting backwards; upper process elongate, obtuse, and compressed dorsoventrally ( Figs 16E , 17E ). Aedeagus ( Figs 15A, D, E , 16A, F, G , 17A, F, G ) with a pair of slender and moderately long endosomal processes extended from phallotheca: pigmented, sclerotized, nearly straight, and obtuse apically; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base, with inflated membranous apical lobes, without spines; dorsal lobe directed posteriorly and two ventrolateral lobes twining around endosomal processes, directed laterally. Segment X in dorsal view long, oval, dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal style, with ratio of length to width at base

Figures

Figure 2. Tegmina (A–F, G, I) and hindwings (H, J) of Aluntiini and Arjunini trib. nov. A, Aluntia longicephalica sp. nov.; B, Aluntia schimperii; C, Dendrophora borneensis; D, Dictyomorpha moluccana; E, Indodictyophara lobosa; F, Madagascaritia hova; G, H, Arjuna scriba; I, J, Pippax opilionoides. Abbreviations: ac, apical cell; dsv, dendroid secondary veins.

Figure 14. Arjuna maai sp. nov. (A–C), Arjuna muiri sp. nov. (D–F), Arjuna scriba (G–K). A, D, G, head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; B, E, H, head, lateral view; C, F, I, head, ventral view; J, apex of head, lateral view; K, apex of head, anterodorsal view. Abbreviations: a, areolet; amlc, apical median longitudinal carina between anterior margins of frons and vertex; slc, secondary longitudinal carina bifurcating from subapex of lateral carinae of vertex; wc, weak carina crossed areolet. Dotted line shows a pale trace of lateral carinae of frons extending anteriorly.

Figure 15. Arjuna maai sp. nov. A, male genitalia, caudal view; B, male genitalia, lateral view; C, pygofer and segment X, dorsal view; D, aedeagus, ventral view; E, aedeagus, lateral view.

Figure 16. Arjuna muiri sp. nov. A, male genitalia, caudal view; B, pygofer and segment X, lateral view; C, pygofer and segment X, dorsal view; D, pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view; E, gonostyle, lateral view; F, aedeagus, ventral view; G, aedeagus, lateral view.

Figure 17. Arjuna scriba. A, male genitalia, caudal view; B, male genitalia, lateral view; C, pygofer and segment X, dorsal view; D, pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view; E, gonostyle, lateral view; F, aedeagus, ventral view; G, aedeagus, lateral view.