Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021

Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite & Indicatti, Rafael Prezzi, 2021, The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species, Zoosystema 43 (17), pp. 311-339 : 328-332

Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp.

( Figs 1F ; 13-17 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42DEC204-EE4C-4001-81B7-E6A946F23BE9

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • 1 ♂; São Paulo, Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia ; 22°48’28.5”S, 48°23’36.6”W; 02.VI.2014; R. C. B. Paradero leg.; restauration area, collected with pitfall traps; CAD 585 .

Paratypes. Brazil • 1 ♀; same data as the holotype; CAD 776 • 6 ♂; same data as the holotype; CAD (1 ♂ CAD 777 ), IBSP (1 ♂), MZUSP (1 ♂), MNRJ (1 ♂ MNRJ 7689 ), MCTP (1 ♂), MCN (1 ♂) • 1 ♂; same locality and leg. as holotype; 21.XI.2013; pasture area; CAD 591 • 1 ♂, same locality and collector as the holotype; 18.VIII.2015; forest area; CAD 577 .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil • 8 ♂; same data as the holotype; CAD (2 ♂ CAD 778 , 2 ♂ CAD 779 ), IBSP (2 ♂), MZUSP (1 ♂), MNRJ (1 ♂ MNRJ 7690 ) • 2 ♂; same locality as the holotype; 11.XI.2013; CAD 587 .

DIAGNOSIS. — Males of S. chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. resemble those of S. crassimana , S. palmar , S. sevegnaniae and S. tenuistyla by the palpal bulb with thin, filiform embolus ( Fig. 14 A-D, J). It can be distinguished from S. sevegnaniae and S. tenuistyla by the curved embolus at the tip ( Fig. 14 A-D, J); from S. crassimana by the palpal duct much less curved in medial region ( Fig. 14B, D ) and lacking stains ventrally on abdomen ( Fig. 14D ); from S. palmar by the palpal tibia with 2 spines on prolateral-medial region ( Fig. 14E ) and presence of ITC on legs III, IV. Females can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus, except from S. quena Goloboff, 1995 , by the presence of metatarsal preening combs on leg I and on VP and VR sides of leg II; differs from S. quena and resembles S. platensis Holmberg, 1881 and S. iguazu by the spermathecae with two independent bases on each side ( Fig. 16 ) and prolateral spines 1-1-1 on patella III; differs from them by the elongated basal dome, metatarsal preening combs on all legs and anterior eye row slightly recurved ( Fig. 15A ).

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is a patronym in honor of João Lucas Chavari, friend of the last authors and collector of several mygalomorph spiders from Brazil.

DESCRIPTION

Male (holotype)

Color pattern: in ethanol, chelicerae, carapace reddish brown covered with golden setae ( Fig. 13A ), legs brown, covered with black and golden setae. Sternum, maxillae and coxae yellowish brown ( Fig. 13B ). Abdomen yellowish light brown with dark brown mottling forming discrete chevron ( Fig. 13C ). Total length 10.23. Chelicerae 0.90 long, 0.75 wide (only left side).Carapace 5.08 long, 3.64 wide, with narrow, procurved fovea, 0.48 wide. Abdomen 3.98 long, 2.25 wide. Thoracic region raised. Clypeus very narrow, 0.06 long. Eye tubercle 0.59 long, 0.86 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved ( Fig. 13A ). Eye sizes: AME 0.19, ALE 0.28, PME 0.19, PLE 0.21. Chelicerae with 8 teeth in prolateral row, with c. 20 basal smaller teeth, rastellum weak formed by long thin setae ( Figs 13B ; 14H ). Intercheliceral tumescence small, with few setae on basal region ( Fig. 14H ). Labium 0.35 long, 0.76 wide, without cuspules ( Fig. 13B ). Maxillae with 48/54 blunt and clavate cuspules on internal basal angle ( Fig. 13B ), becoming thin and very elongated at inner margin edge. Serrula developed ( Fig. 14I ). Sternum oval, 2.38 long, 1.99 wide. Labial sigilla distant from margin by c. 0.1× its length, same size as anterior sternal sigilla. Sternal sigilla ( Fig. 13B ): anterior slightly smaller than medium, posterior the largest; anterior and posterior distant from margin by c. 1× length, medium by c. 0.5× length. Measurements: palp: femur 1.97/ patella 1.00/ tibia 1.17/ cymbium 0.56/ total 4.70; legs: measurements: I: femur 3.46/ patella 2.18/ tibia 2.45/ metatarsus 2.36/ tarsus 1.72/ total 12.17; II: 3.13/ 1.92/ 1.95/ 2.24/ 1.76/ 11.00; III: 3.09/ 1.67/ 1.78/ 2.78/ 1.82/ 11.14; IV:4.04/ 2.08/ 2.77/ 4.04/ 2.02/ 14.95. Spination: palp: femur: d0-0-0-0-0-0-2-2; patella: p0-0-1; tibia:p0-0-2-0-2, r1sap; legs: femora:I: d0-0-0-0-1r-2; II: d0-1r-1r-2-2; III: d0-0-2-2-2; IV: d0-0-2-0-2-2; patellae: I: p0-0-1; II: p0-0-1; III: p1-1-1, r0-0-1-0; IV: r0-0-1-0; tibiae: I: v1-0-1-2-0-1p + 1r megaspine ( Fig. 14G ), p0-0-1-1-0; II: v1- 1-0-3ap, p0-0-1-1-0; III: d0-1, v2-3-0-3ap, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-0; IV: v2-2-0-3ap, p0-1-1-0, r1-1-0-1-0; metatarsi: I: v0-2-0-1ap, p0-1-0-1ap,r0-0-0-1-0; II:d0-1-0, v0-1r-1r-1p-0-3ap, p1-1-0-1, r0-0-1-0; III: d1r-1r-1p-0-2-0-0-2, v2-2-3ap, p1-0-1-1, r1-1-0; IV: d2-1p-0-1r-1p-0-2, v0-2-0-1p-1r-1p-3ap, p1-1-1, r1-0-1- 0. Metatarsal preening combs: III: 3VR, 4VP; IV: 4VR, 3VP. Combs of leg IV are formed by thicker setae.Tarsi I-IV flexible ( Fig. 14G , tarsus I). Scopulae on tarsi I-IV light and symmetric; I, II divided by 2 sparse rows of thin setae; III divided by 4-5 rows; IV divided by 5 rows, III, IV divided by thicker setae. Scopulae on 1/3 of metatarsi I, II, divided by 2 rows of thicker setae; III, IV absent. STC large with double row of teeth: I: 6, 6, 5, 6; II: 7, 6, 6, 6; III: 8, 8, 6, 7; IV: 9, 8, 7, 8. ITC on tarsi III, IV. Tricobothria with rounded, elevated bases. Around 20 epiandric spigots. Four spinnerets ( Fig. 13D ): PMS 0.44 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on apical half. PLS: basal segment 0.92, median 0.56, apical triangular short, 0.36 long, with wide band of pumpkiniform spigots on inner edge of all segments. Palp ( Fig. 14E, F ): cymbium with elongate dense setae, denser at tip ( Fig. 14E, F ); tibia ventrally with a shallow excavation on apical third ( Fig. 14E, F ); tibial excavation and basal region of tegulum with grooves ( Fig. 14 A-D); bulb piriform, thin embolus curved at the tip, with c. 20 parallel keels ( Fig.14 A-D, J).

Female (paratype CAD 776)

Color pattern: in ethanol, chelicerae reddish dark brown, carapace ( Fig. 15A ) and legs brown, covered with few black and golden setae, Sternum, coxae, and maxillae yellowish brown ( Fig. 15B ). Abdomen dorsally light yellowish brown with dark brown mottling forming a chevron ( Fig. 15C ), ventrally light yellowish brown ( Fig. 15D ). Total length 12.68. Chelicerae 1.70 long, 1.12 wide (only left side). Carapace 5.12 long, 3.50 wide, with narrow, procurved fovea 0.45 wide. Abdomen 5.86 long, 3.58 wide. Thoracic region slightly raised. Clypeus narrow 0.10 long. Eye tubercle 0.45 long, 0.85 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row slightly recurved, posterior recurved ( Fig. 15A ). Eye sizes: AME 0.20, ALE 0.27, PME 0.17, PLE 0.20. Chelicerae with 8 teeth in prolateral row, with c. 20 basal smaller teeth, rastellum weak, formed by long thin setae ( Fig. 15B ). Labium 0.47 long, 0.84 wide, with 2 cuspules ( Fig. 15B ). Maxillae with 72/73 blunt cuspules on internal basal angle ( Fig. 15B ). Serrula weak. Sternum oval, 2.68 long, 2.15 wide. Labial sigilla distant from margin by c. 0.1 × its length, larger than anterior sternal sigilla. Sternal sigilla ( Fig. 15B ): anterior almost round, slightly smaller than medium; posterior c. 2× larger; all distant from margin by c. 1× its length. Measurements: palp: femur 2.34/ patella 1.32/ tibia 1.51/ tarsus 1.46/ total 6.63; legs: I: femur 3.56/ patella 2.25/ tibia 2.42/ metatarsus 2.13/ tarsus 1.44/ total 11.80; II: 3.16/ 2.02/ 2.10/ 2.00/ 1.54/ 10.82; III: 2.70/ 1.81/ 1.50/ 1.85/ 1.55/ 9.41; IV: 3.53/2.05/2.34/ 3.12/ 1.27/ 12.31. Spination: palp: tibia: v0-2-0-3ap; tarsus: r1i-0-0-0; legs: femora: I: d1p sap; II-IV: 0; patellae: I, II: 0; III: p1-1-1, r0-1-0; IV: r0-1-0; tibiae I, II: 0; III: d0-1, v2ap, p1-1, r-0-1s-0; IV: v2ap, p1i-1i, r1s-1s; metatarsi: I: v1ap; II: v1r-1r-1p-0-2ap; III: d1r-1r-1p-2-0-2, v2-2-0-3ap, p1-1-1-1; IV: d0-1r-1p-2-0-2, v2-0-1p-1r-1p-3ap, r1s-1s-0, p1-1-1-0. Metatarsal preening combs: I: 2VP thin setae; II: 4VP in one line, 4VR in two lines; III: 4VP, 5VR; IV: 4VP, 4VR, III, IV in one line. Tarsi I-IV rigid. Scopulae on tarsi I divided by 2-3 rows of setae, II by 4 rows, III, IV divided by 8 rows of thicker setae; palp and I, II dense and symmetric; III, IV light, only lateral sides. Scopulae on 4/5 of metatarsi I and 2/5 on II, divided by 1-2 rows of thicker setae on leg I and 2-3 on II; III, IV absent. STC with double row of teeth: I: 4, 5, 5, 4; II: 4, 5, 5, 5; III: 4, 6, 6, 4; IV: 6, 7, 7, 6. ITC on tarsi III, IV. Palpal claw with 3 teeth on promargin. Tricobothria with rounded, elevated bases. Four spinnerets ( Fig. 15D ): PMS 0.38 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on apical 2/3. PLS: basal segment 0.89, median 0.58, apical triangular, short, 0.35 long, with wide band of pumpkiniform spigots on inner edge of all segments. Spermathecae with two independent bases on each side ( Fig. 16 ); the external side has an elongated basal dome with one globose receptaculum arising from the median area; the internal side has an elongated basal dome not presenting a receptaculum; both very sclerotized ( Fig. 16 ).

VARIATION. — Males (n = 15): total length 8.26-10.94; carapace 3.71-5.10 long; labium with 0-2 cuspules; maxillae with 46-58 cuspules, sometimes elongated.

DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the type locality, Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia, Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil.

HABITAT. — These spiders were collected by pitfall traps in ecotonal zones between seasonal forest (Cerrado) and Atlantic Forest ( Fig. 17A, B ), in Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia, where both vegetation types are present. In addition, they were also captured in restoration and pasture areas, which have similar local conditions to Cerrado formations, indicating that the species probably also occur in strictly Cerrado areas, as S. bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Habitus of the Stenoterommata Holmberg,1881 new species: A-C, Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male holotype (A), female paratype, CAD 764 (B), subadult male (C); D, E, Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male paratype, CAD 775 (D); juvenile male (E); F, Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male paratype, CAD 777; G, H, Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., specimens, male holotype (G); female paratype, CAD 781 (H). Scale bars: 5 mm. Photos: A, B, Rafael P. Indicatti; C, E, G, H, Wolf J Moeller; D, F, Victor M. Ghirotto.

FIG. 13. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male holotype, body. A, carapace, dorsal view; B, cephalothorax, ventral view; C, D, abdomen, dorsal view (C), ventral view (D). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 14. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male: A-G, J, male holotype; H, I, paratype CAD 777; A-D, left palpal bulb, ventral view (A), prolateral view (B), retrolateral view (C), dorsal view (D); E, F, left palp,prolateral view (E), retrolateral view (F); G, left leg I, retrolateral view; H, left chelicera, prolateral view; I, serrula on maxilla, frontal view; J, left bulb embolus, detail on dorsal view. Scale bars: A-H, 0.5 mm; I, J, 0.1mm.

FIG. 15. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., female body, paratype, CAD 776: A, carapace, dorsal view; B, cephalothorax, ventral view; C, D, abdomen, dorsal view (C), ventral view (D). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 16. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., female paratype, CAD 776: A, spermathecae, dorsal view; B, lateral view, detail. Scale bar for both figures: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 17. — Collecting site of Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti,n.sp.:A, B, Atlantic Forest (semideciduous forest),near Jardim Botânico Rubião Júnior (A), Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia (B), both from Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Photos: A, Rafael P. Indicatti; B, João L. Chavari.