Tetralicia, Harrison, 1917

Valencia, Luis & Evans, Gregory A., 2024, Review of the genus Tetralicia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and description of two new species of whiteflies found on avocado trees in Peru, Zootaxa 5403 (2), pp. 197-238 : 199-201

Key to New World Genera of Whiteflies Similar to Aleuroplatus and Tetralicia

The following is a key to the New World genera of whiteflies that are similar to Aleuroplatus and Tetralicia in that they contain species that have a vasiform orifice that is closed posteriorly and which is usually cordate in shape, with the operculum nearly filling the orifice and the lingula hidden underneath. Almost all of the species in the New World are primarily dark brown or black in coloration, except for Aleurovitreus species which are included because it has the lateral margin deflexed as in Tetralicia , and a few pale species that occur in some of the other genera that are primarily dark in coloration. Prothoracic setae (Ts1) are absent, except in some species of Tetraleurodes .

1 Submargin and/or subdorsum separated by a distinct ridge or furrow or lateral margin deflexed....................... 2

– Submargin and/or subdorsum entire, not separated by a distinct ridge or furrow without the lateral margin deflexed...... 11

2 Dorsum of first abdominal segment with a pair of setae (As1).................................................. 3

– As1 absent.......................................................................................... 5

3 Region above the vasiform orifice (vo) with a trilobed figure; lateral margin differentiated at tracheal and caudal openings by a group of 2–6 differentiated teeth; submarginal setae present; body dark brown or black; 91 worldwide and 1 New World species ( Plate 1D )................................................................. Aleurolobus marlatti (Quaintance)

– Region above the vasiform orifice without a trilobed figure; lateral margin not differentiated at tracheal and caudal openings; submarginal setae present or absent; body dark brown or black................................................. 4

4 Submargin smooth without submarginal setae; body broadly oval, about 1.4 x as long as wide; vo transverse with lingula extending well beyond its posterior margin; 1 species on Quercus in Mexico ( Plate 1E )................................................................................................. Hesperaleyrodes michoacanensis Sampson

– Submargin with setae and a row of crescent-shaped markings; body elongate, about 2 times as long as wide; vo elongate with lingula not extending well beyond its posterior margin; 5 worldwide and 1 New World species on grasses in Brazil ( Plate 1L )................................................................ Crescentaleyrodes fumipennis (Hempel)

5 Lateral margin differentiated at tracheal opening by a row of 2–6 wider spread teeth; submargin relatively wide, without setae; all dorsal setae very short; 3 New World species known on palms ( Arecaceae ) and Piperaceae ( Plate 1F )......................................................................................... Paraleurolobus Sampson & Drews

– Lateral margin undifferentiated at tracheal opening; submargin relatively narrow with or without setae; dorsal setae variable.. 6

6 Head often with a hood-like suture coming to a point anteriorly (in New World species); Ts3 setae often long, other setae variable; submarginal setae present or absent; submarginal ridge or submedial furrow present; lateral margin not deflexed.. 7

– Head without a hood-like suture coming to a point anteriorly; Ts3 setae usually short, other setae variable; color variable; submarginal ridge present or lateral margin deflexed......................................................... 9

7 Posterior margin of vasiform orifice with a large black, horn-shaped structure under it; submarginal setae present (at least in A. ceriferus ); 9 New World species ( Plate 1G ).................................................. Aleurocerus Bondar

– Vo without a large black, horn-shaped structure under it; submarginal setae present or absent.......................... 8

8 Vo and operculum (op) transverse, wider than long; submedial longitudinal furrow absent; submarginal ridge extends under the vo in a straight line, pointy on lateral margins; submargin usually smooth with several pairs of spine-like setae (sms); teeth on lateral margin with 1 row of teeth; submedial longitudinal furrow absent; 16 species, all Neotropical origin with 2 species introduced into other regions of the world ( Plate 1H ).............................. Aleurothrixus Quaintance & Baker

– Vo cordate, about as long as or longer than wide; op variable but not transverse, submargin often with tiled-sculpture with ridge not extending under the vo and apparently without setae (if present very tiny); teeth on lateral margin with glands at their bases appearing as having 2 rows of teeth; submedial longitudinal furrow (smf) present; Ts3 long or short; wax not abundant and flocculent; 71 worldwide and 18 New World species ( Plate 1I ).............. Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker (in part)

9 Dorsum with submarginal ridge; lateral margin not deflexed; submargin with a row of submarginal tubercles present (in acaciae group), or often with dark, radiating striae; 71 worldwide and 29 New World species ( Plate 1J )...... Tetraleurodes Cockerell

– Lateral margin deflexed; dorsum without a submarginal ridge; cephalothorax setae variable; cephalothorax dorsum usually without roundish, irregular muscle marks; submargin without a row of submarginal tubercles (except in Tetralicia hyptisemoryi ), and usually not with radiating dark striae...................................................................10

10 Body entirely pale or with brown patches; dorsum covered with duplex pores set on sclerotized oval areas in most species; 6 Neotropical species with 5 species on Piper and 1 species on Persea ( Plate 1K ).................... Aleurovitreus Martin

– Body entirely black in most species, rarely pale; dorsum not covered with duplex pores set on sclerotized oval areas; 38 species worldwide; various hosts ( Fig. 3A ).......................................................... Tetralicia Haliday

11 As1 present......................................................................................... 12

– As1 absent......................................................................................... 14

12 Lateral margin modified at tracheal opening by a shallow cleft (tc) and; caudal furrow (cf) present; A. aucubae black with As1 present and cephalus with a T-shaped ornamentation; 149 species including 3 introduced New World species of which A. similis (Takahashi, 1938) , and A. jasmini (Takahashi, 1932) are pale ( Plate 1A ).................. Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana)

– Lateral margin undifferentiated or with modified teeth at the tracheal opening; cf and As1 setae present or absent; A. aucubae with a pair of setae (As1) present on the first abdominal segment; cephalus without a T-shaped figure................. 13

13 Dorsum with many long, dagger-like spines, mesothoracic (Ts2), metathoracic (Ts3), cephalic (Cs1) and submarginal setae present; dorsum smooth, without kidney-shaped papillae; lateral margin undifferentiated with large, robust teeth; black; 82 worldwide species and 1 New World species; common on Citrus ( Plate 1B ).............. Aleurocanthus woglumi (Ashby)

– Dorsum with a few short setae, Ts2,Ts3 and Cs1 setae absent or very minute; dorsum with kidney-shaped papillae; tracheal opening differentiated from lateral margin by differentiated teeth; color variable; 14 species (all New World); various hosts ( Plate 1C ).............................................................. Aleuroparadoxus Quaintance & Baker

14 Dorsal submedial region with a longitudinal suture (smf)..................................................... 15

– Dorsal submedial region without a longitudinal suture....................................................... 16

15 Dorsal submedial region with a longitudinal suture often lined with bead-like tubercles extending from the cephalothorax to about the eighth abdominal segment; teeth on lateral margin without glnds at their bases not appearing as having 2 rows of teeth; body pale or dark brown, not black; 31 species worldwide; 29 worldwide and 11 New World species ( Plate 1L )......................................................................................... Crenidorsum Russell

– Dorsal submedial region with a longitudinal suture on the cephalothorax only not extending to the abdomen and not lined with chain-like tubercles; body usually black; submargin often with tiled-sculpture teeth on lateral margin with glands at their bases appearing as having 2 rows of teeth; 71 worldwide and 18 New World species ( Plate 1I )............................................................................................. Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker (in part)

16 Lingula long and distally knobbed, extending caudad from orifice for one-third to one-half of its length; submargin with a row of minute setae; body pale in most species and usually on ferns, body black in common species found on Anthurium ( Araceae ); suture between mesothorax and metathorax often with a short longitudinal branch extending about half way into the metathorax; 4 New World species ( Plate 1N )....................................... Aleurotulus Quaintance & Baker

– Lingula relatively short, not distally knobbed, not extending caudad from orifice for one-third to one-half of its length; submargin without a row of minute setae; body dark brown or black in most species, rarely pale; not found on ferns nor known to occur on Anthurium ....................................................................................... 17

17 Cs1, Ts2, Ts3 and As8 setae lanceolate, short, thick and subequal; caudal and thoracic tracheal openings not marked by teeth slightly differentiated from the lateral margin; 1 worldwide species; ex. Annona, Viburnum , Myrtus ( Plate 1O )...................................................................................... Aleurotuba jelinekii (Frauenfeld)

– Cs1, Ts2, Ts3 and As8 variable but not lanceolate, short, thick and subequal; caudal and thoracic tracheal openings usually marked by teeth slightly differentiated from the lateral margin; 81 worldwide and 22 New World species ( Plate 1P )................................................................................. Aleuroplatus Quaintance & Baker

Figures

PLATE 1. Puparia of aleyrodine genera. A) Aleuroclava aucubae, B) Aleurocanthus woglumi, C) Aleuroparadoxus iridescens, D) Aleurolobus marlatti, E) Hesperaleyrodes michoacanensis, F) Paraleurolobus chamaedoreae, G) Aleurocerus sp, H) Aleurothrixus floccosus (sms=submarginal setae), I) Aleurotrachelus tracheifer (smf=submedial furrow), J) Tetraleurodes mori, K) Aleurovitreus insignis, L) Crescentaleyrodes fumipennis, M) Crenidorsum aroidephagus, N) Aleurotulus mandururu, O) Aleurotuba jelinski, P) Aleuroplatus biluminiporus. Sources: A (USNM specimen); B, C, F, H, I, K, M, N (Martin, 2005); D (Regu & David, 1993), E (Sampson, 1943); G (Russell, 1986); J (Nakahara, 1995); L (Bondar, 1923); O (Mound, 1966), P (Martin & Malumphy, 2002).

FIGURE 3. Tetralicia ericae Harrison, 1917. (A–E) puparia: A) habitus drawing, B) habitus slide specimen, C) abdomen, D) vasiform orifice slide specimen, E) vasiform orifice drawing; (F–K) adult male: F) habitus, G–H) genitalia, I–K) antennae; (L–P) adult female: L) habitus, M–N) ovipositor; O–P) antennae. Sources: A, E, H, I, J, N (Bink-Moenen, 1989); B, C, D, F, G, K, L, M, P (USNM specimen).