Phylloporia crystallina Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou & Vlasak, 2022

Zhou, Meng, Wu, Fang, Dai, Yu-Cheng & Vlasak, Josef, 2022, Two new species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales) from the Neotropics, MycoKeys 90, pp. 71-83 : 71

Phylloporia crystallina Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, Meng Zhou & Vlasak sp. nov.

Figs 2 , 3

Type.

Ecuador, Mindo Valley , San Carlos, Cascadas; alt. 1400m; 0°4'S, 78°45'W; 20 Jun. 2021; Vlasák leg.; on angiosperm freshly dead stump in tropical cloud forest; JV2106/102 (holotype BJFC038563, isotype PRM957106). GenBank: ON129551 (ITS); ON006467 (LSU)

Etymology.

- Crystallina (Lat.): refer to the species having abundant large rhomboid crystals in tube trama.

Diagnosis.

Phylloporia crystallina is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a thin layer of context between individual tube layers, a duplex context with a black line separating the upper tomentum and a lower compacted layer, small pores 9-10 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled with simple septa, the absence of cystidia and cystidioles, the presence of large rhomboid crystals in tube trama, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.8-3 × 2-2.3 μm, and growth on angiosperm stump in the Neotropics.

Basidiomata.

Perennial, effused reflexed, imbricate, broadly attached to the substrate, hard corky when fresh, woody hard when dry. Pilei applanate to semi-circular, projecting up to 2 cm and 3 cm wide. Pileal surface curry yellow to cinnamon buff when fresh, become purplish chestnut when dry, concentrically sulcate with narrow zones, densely tomentum when juvenile, become velutinate to matted with age, the tomentum up to 1 mm thick, wearing off, leaving a dense trichoderm, sometime covered by mosses; margin sharp, entire. Pore surface pinkish buff to buff yellow and glancing when fresh, become honey yellow when dry; pores round, 9-10 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context umber, up to 3 mm thick, duplex, with a black line separating the upper tomentum and a lower compacted layer, the upper tomentum soft corky, the lower layer hard corky. Tubes fulvous, paler than context, up to 5 mm long, distinctly stratified, usually filled a thin context among tube layers.

Hyphal structure.

Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae simple septate; tissue darkening but otherwise unchanged in the shape of the hyphae in KOH.

Context. Hyphae in the lower context golden yellow, fairly thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple-septate, loosely interwoven, slightly CB+, 3-5 μm diam.; hyphae in the upper tomentum yellow, fairly thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple septate, straight, regularly arranged, 5-7 μm diam.

Tubes. Tramal hyphae hyaline to yellow, thin- to thick-walled with a narrow to medium lumen, rarely branched, frequently to occasionally simple septate, flexuous, loosely interwoven, slightly CB+, 2-3.5 μm diam.; hyphae at dissepiment edges smooth; large rhomboid crystals abundant among tube trama.

Hymenium. Cystidia and cystidioles absent; basidia barrel-shaped with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, 5-7 × 3.5-4 μm. Basidioles similar to basidia in shape, but slightly smaller. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, yellowish, thick-walled, smooth, not collapsed, IKI-, CB-, (2.7-) 2.8-3 (-3.1) × 2-2.3 (-2.4) μm, L = 2.9 μm, W = 2.1 μm, Q = 1.38 (n = 30/1).

Notes.

Phylogenetically (Fig. 1 ), Phylloporia crystallina is related to P. montana Oliveira-Filho & Gibertoni ( Wu et al. 2019). However, P. montana has wider pores (3-5 per mm vs. 9-10 per mm) and larger and cylindrical basidiospores (4-5 × 2-3 μm vs. 2.8-3 × 2-2.3 μm) ( Wu et al. 2019). Morphologically, P. crystallina resembles P. crataegi L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai by sharing perennial and pileate basidiomata with duplex context, a monomitic hyphal system, interwoven tramal hyphae, the absence of cystidia and cystidioles, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores ( Zhou and Dai 2012). However, the latter species differs from P. crystallina by the absence of rhomboid crystals, distinctly longer basidia (8-11 μm vs. 5-7 μm), and growth on living Crataegus in temperate China ( Zhou and Dai 2012). In addition, P. crystallina and P. crataegi are phylogenetically distantly related (Fig. 1 ). P. chrysites (Berk.) Ryvarden is a Neotropical species. It has similar basidiospores as P. crystallina , but the former is readily distinguished from the latter by its annual habit and larger pores (9-10 per mm vs. pores 6-8 per mm, Wu et al. 2022).

Trametes lilliputiana Speg. and Pyropolyporus subpectinatus Murrill were originally described from Brazil and Cuba, respectively ( Spegazzini 1889; Murrill 1908), and they were treated as synonyms of Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden ( Bresadola 1912; Ryvarden 1985; Rajchenberg and Wright 1987). However, these two taxa may be different from Phylloporia pectinata because its type locality is in India ( Wu et al. 2022). The type of T. lilliputiana is sterile, but its pilei are confluent and thin, and its upper surface is smooth according to its original description ( Spegazzini 1889). P. subpectinatus has globose basidiospores ( Murrill 1908). So, these two taxa are closer or identical to P. pectinata which has a dimitic hyphal structure and globose basidiospores ( Ryvarden 2004); while P. crystallina has a monomitic hyphal system and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores.

Figures

Figure 1. Phylogeny of Phylloporia inferred from the 28 S dataset. The topology is from the ML analysis, and the support values from ML (former) and BI (latter) analyses simultaneously greater than or equal to 50 % and 0.90 are indicated at the nodes, respectively. The new species are in boldface.

Figure 2. Basidiomata of Phylloporia crystallina (holotype, JV 2106 / 102). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 3. Microscopic structures of Phylloporia crystallina (drawn from the holotype, JV 2106 / 102). a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c hyphae from upper tomentum d hyphae from lower compacted context e hyphae from dissepiment edge.