Eriope paradise Schliewe, H.D.Ferreira, D.Graciano-Ribeiro & M.H.Rezende, 2017

Schliewe, Marcos Augusto, Ferreira, Heleno Dias, Rezende, Maria Helena & Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva, 2017, Two new species of Eriope (Lamiaceae) from Goiás state, Brazil, Phytotaxa 291 (4), pp. 264-274 : 270-272

Eriope paradise Schliewe, H.D.Ferreira, D.Graciano-Ribeiro & M.H.Rezende , sp. nov. ( Figs. 3–5 ; Tables 2–3).

Herb with ovate leaves with no prominent tertiary veins on abaxial and crenate-dentate margins, inflorescences organized only by monothyrses and an absence of bracteoles at the base of pseudopedicel.

Type: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, at the edge of GO-118 highway, 5 km north of Alto Paraíso de Goiás to Terezinha de Goiás, 1,240 m, 14º05′26″S, 47º31′23″W, 13 October 2006 (fl), M. A. Schliewe & H. D. Ferreira 16 (holotype UFG!, isotype UB!).

Herb 25–35 cm tall; caespitose stem from a woody xylopodium of 08–16 × 04– 10 cm. Base of branches with glandular trichomes interspersed with tectores trichomes uniseriate, setoses and sparsed. Leaves simple, opposite, 2.6–3.4 × 1.0- 2.6 cm, ovate, pilose on the abaxial surface, rounded apex and base, crenate _ dentate margins, venation semi-craspedodromous, secondary veins with 7–8 pairs alternating, curves, with spacing increasing towards the apex and prominent on the abaxial surface; inter-secondary and percurrent tertiary veins, not prominent; quartenary veins form areoles ; simple venules; marginal vein in arches; petiole 3–6 mm length. Monothyrses of 10–27 cm length, hirsute, simple glandular trichomes intermingled with uniseriate tector trichomes. Flower with pseudopedicel 2–5 mm; purplish green calyx 2–4 × 2–3 mm, conical, vinaceous, acute and rectilinear teeth, with hirsute tector trichomes and external glandular trichomes; violet corolla 4–7 × 2–6 mm; stamens with yellow anthers and lanuginose filets, pseudopedicel 1–5 mm; ovary ca. 1 mm in length, glabrous, stylopodium apparent, blue and gynobasic, punctiform stigma; 4 _ 7 × 2 _ 3 mm, calyx campanulate in fruiting with a tuft of white trichomes on calyx-throat; nucules 2.5 _ 3 × 1.5 _ 2 mm, dark brown, rounded, glabrous, roughened.

Distribution and Habitat: — Eriope paradise is found within the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás state ( Fig. 3 ), and grows in Cerrado environments at elevations of more than 900 m on clayey or sandy soils and combinations thereof.

Phenology: — Specimens collected with flowers from July to September and calyx fruiting from September to October, during a season with no rain and frequent natural fires in the state of Goiás.

Etymology: — The specific epithet in homage of the city of Alto Paraíso de Goiás where together with its district of São Jorge are home of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park that offers visitors and researchers beautiful views of the Cerrado and rock fields.

Conservation status: — Although E. paradise occurs in areas protected by law, which includes the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, here it is classified as near threatened (NT), according to IUCN (2016), in view of their distribution over a small area of 50 km 2 and their additionally small populations with up to 20 individuals.

Relationships: — Among the species of the genus Eriope , E. complicata is the one that most closely resembles E. paradise , because both have herbaceous habits and leaves with rounded apex and base, crenate margins, and semicraspedodromous venation. However, the characteristics listed in Table 2 serve to securely distinguish both species.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL: Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros , Campo dos Ingleses , 14º08′59,5″S, 47º 46′37,5″W, 11 August 2015, M. A. Schliewe & A. Donza 89 ( UB) ; Chapada dos Veadeiros , 23 October 1965, A. P. Duarte & E. Pereira 9436 ( ESA) ; margin of highway to Colinas do Sul (GO-239), 15 km from crossroad with GO 118, 23 October 2012, 14º9′15,5″S, 47º38′52″W, C. Delfini ,, J. Paula-Souza & J. Rigon 707 ( ESA) ; Distrito de São Jorge, João de Melo , 27 July 1994, C. Proença 1200 ( UB) ; burned field, 03 September 1995, H. D. Ferreira 3107 ( UFG) ; near the entrance to the waterfall of Cristais , 25 September 2011, J. F. B. Pastore 3361 ( HUEFS) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Map of location of new species of Eriope in micro-regions of the state of Goiás, Brazil; a. Brazil map; b. Goiás map. Source: IBGE.

FIGURE 4. a–g. Eriope paradise. a. fertile branch; b. leaf morphology; c. xylopodium with branches (xy); d. indumentum branch detail of the inflorescence; e. calyx in fruitification; f. carpel highlighting stylopodium (st) (stylus with enlarged base); g. flower in side view; Scale bars: a–b. 1 cm; c–h. 1 mm; Illustration: Patrícia Machado.

FIGURE 5. a–f. Eriope paradise. a. habit; b. flower detail; c. diaphanized leaf highlighting marginal vein in arches; d. frontal view of adaxial epidermis showing periclinals sinuous walls and presence of stomata diacytic (black arrow head) and anisocytic (white arrow head); e. scanning electron micrograph of the abaxial epidermis showing stomata, glandular and tector trichomes; f. cross section of the leaf showing hypodermis together with adaxial face of epidermis and mesophyll with a dorsiventral type; Legends: ep. epidermis; gt. glandular trichomes; hy. hypodermis; is. inter-secondary vein; mv. marginal vein in arches; pp. palisade parenchyma; pv. principal vein; qv. quaternary vein; sp. spongy parenchyma; st. stomata; sv. secondary veins; tv. percurrent tertiary vein; tt. tector trichomes; Scale bars: a. 15 mm; b. 3 mm; c. 2 mm; d. 30 μm; e. 10 μm; f. 50 μm. Staining: c–d. aqueous safranin; f. alcian blue and basic fuchsin 3:1.