Hasarius Simon, 1871
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.37828/em.2018.16.2 |
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publication LSID |
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A892A9F3-042C-4663-8602-F3172659614C |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8028094 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B5BAC13-FFAD-FF80-FF7A-FC0FFDDD371B |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Hasarius Simon, 1871 |
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Gen. Hasarius Simon, 1871 View in CoL View at ENA
Type species Attus adansoni Audouin, 1826 = Hasarius adansoni ( Audouin, 1826) View in CoL
Documentation studied. Summary of world's literature provided in "Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2016", part I & II, by Prószyński (2016a, b) and current literature.
Diagnosis. Medium size jumping spiders of average appearance and dimensions ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ), males instantly recognizable by mane of white setae stretching dorsally over palps - from distal end of femur to mid-length of tibia, ending distally by characteristic oblique bunch of longer white setae 2 * ( Figs 1B, E, I, L, N1 View Figure 1 , P), accompanied by lighter broad belt along abdomen and a pair of small, but striking white spots posteriorly. Palpal organ very characteristic ( Fig. 1M View Figure 1 , 2C View Figure 2 , F-G), resembling to certain extent palps of other genera of informal group CHRYSILLINES by short, anterior embolus atop of triangular fleshy basis extending obliquely over the whole bulbus, leaving visible only part of spermophor - anterior bend and a part running on retrolateral side. Whole palps are unusually long, due especially to length of tibia, which is longer than the distal segment - cymbium, but also long patella and femur. Habitus of female resembles males but is devoid of distinct recognition pattern, epigyne nondescript sclerotized plate ( Fig. 1K View Figure 1 , 2D, G View Figure 2 ) devoid of noticeable sculpture, internal structure consists of sclerotized chamber, developed towards interior of abdomen, perpendicularly to plate, and shortened optically when looking at, hence its shape is not reproduced reliably, the position shown ( Fig. 2C, G View Figure 2 ) is perhaps the best presentation of its structure, but departing from that seen on average drawings.
Description. General appearance is shown on Figs 1 View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 A-B, the background of diversity of genitalic characters in related genera is presented on Fig. 5 View Figure 5 . Due to similarity of palps and epigyne in known species, the separating characters could, perhaps, be found in details of color pattern, but this require more studies on inter-populational variation, which may lead to delimitation of independent species. It seems that basic components of body coloration in Hasarius are semiarch white band of setae around dorsal edge of thorax and stretching anteriorly beneath eyes lateral, its optical frontal extension is white mane on palps, usually held horizontally by a male Hasarius ( Fig. 1B, E, I, L, N1 View Figure 1 , P). Abdominal pattern consists of semilunar white line along anterior edge, broad median lighter belt along the whole length of abdomen, accompanied in posterior third of length by a pair of minute, contrasting pair of white dots ( Figs 1A View Figure 1 , D-F, 2B). That color pattern may appear variable, be either striking or barely discernible, white lines may be thin or broadened along their course, in preserved specimens may partially disappear ( Fig. 1G View Figure 1 ). There seems to be difference in the hue of the background body coloration, which typically may be relatively light ( Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ) or almost black ( Fig. 1L View Figure 1 ) or fawn ( Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ). Color pattern of face in males may be very significant, with presence of red, red and white, or yellow rings of scales around eyes I, red lower lateral bands entering eye field ( Fig. 1N1 View Figure 1 ), or a pair of small red dots beneath eyes I lateral and small white triangle above touching point of eyes I median ( Fig. 1P View Figure 1 ). The taxonomic significance of these markings deserves revision, which however cannot be undertaken without photographic documentation. It should be noted that shape of embolus and its basis is somewhat variable and deserves more attention ( Figs 1B, J, M View Figure 1 , 2C View Figure 2 , F-H).
Distribution. H. adansoni is commonly accepted as cosmopolite in warmer parts of the world and as an invader of hothouses in cooler countries. It is now clear, that majority of species placed at some times in Hasarius , were misplaced, and should be transferred elsewhere ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ). While placement of H. tropicus ( Figs 1N1-O View Figure 1 ) is uncertain (male palp indicates rather Chinattus ), discovery of unnamed "tadpole eating" Hasarius species ( Figs 1 View Figure 1 P-Q) in S India suggest that distributional center (a "home land") of the genus may be located in tropical Asia, different coloration of specimen from Kenya ( Figs 1L View Figure 1 , but note difference in embolus -1M) may ultimately be recognized as another separate species. So there is a possibility of discovery of other local species in other warm areas of the Old World.
Composition. Type species - Hasarius adansoni ( Audouin, 1826) , other species are H. kulczyński Zabka, 1985 and H. insularis Wesolowska & van Harten, 2002 . Placement of H. tropicus Jastrzębski, 2010 is problematic, pending further research.
Species pending placement elsewhere: H. egaenus Thorell, 1895 , H. glaucus Hogg, 1915 ( Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ), H. insignis Simon, 1885 , H. mulciber Keyserling, 1881 ( Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ), H. obscurus Keyserling, 1881 ( Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ), H. pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1941 ( Fig. 3K View Figure 3 ), H. rufociliatus Simon, 1898 ( Fig. 3G View Figure 3 ), H. testaceus (Thorell, 1877) , H. trivialis (Thorell, 1877) , H. validus (Thorell, 1877
Species names "nicht zu deuten"
Platnick's Catalog, predecessor of the present the World Spider Catalog, cultivated unshakable respect to the nomenclatorical decisions's of otherwise distinguished C. F. Roewer, rather not shared by the immediate collaborators of the latter. One of rather harmful manifestations of that was listing of some names as "nicht zu deuten" ("not interpretable"), effectively eliminating such names from attention, and therefore from further research. The WSC (ver. 18.5, accessed November 2017) follows Roewer's (1954 [1955]: 1523-1524) mistake listing the following nominal species of " Hasarius " as "nomina dubia", in spite of preservation of their type species in several collections, listed in the Prószyński's (1971 e) "Catalogue of Salticidae (Aranei) specimens kept in major collections of the world". Species having type specimens are not "nomina dubia" of course, but pending taxonomic revision - or "species inquirenda" (in the wording of Salticidae Database by Prószyński (2016b)).
Hasarius elisabethae Thorell, 1890b: View in CoL 85 (Sumatra) - Roewer, 1954 [1955]: 1523 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Goa (=Genova) - Hasarius elisabethae View in CoL
Hasarius inhebes Karsch, 1879a: 359 View in CoL (West Africa) - Roewer, 1954 [1955]: 1523 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Ber (= Berlin) - Hasarius inhebes View in CoL
Hasarius kjellerupi Thorell, 1891: 142 View in CoL (Nicobar Is.) - Roewer, 1954 [1955]: 1523 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Cop (=Kopenhagen) - Hasarius kjellerupi View in CoL
Hasarius scylax Thorell, 1892c: 413 (Sumatra) View in CoL - Roewer, 1954 [1955]: 1524 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Goa (=Genova) - Hasarius scylax View in CoL
Hasarius sulfuratus Thorell, 1891: 145 View in CoL (Nicobar Is.) - Roewer, 1954 [1955]: 1524 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Cop (=Kopenhagen) - Hasarius sulfuratus View in CoL .
Hasarius workmanii Thorell, 1892c: 423 ( India) - Roewer, 1954 [1955]:: 1524 - Prószyński 1971: 412 - Coll. Goa (=Genova) - Hasarius workmanii .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Hasarius Simon, 1871
| Prószyński, Jerzy 2018 |
Hasarius elisabethae
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |
Hasarius inhebes
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |
Hasarius kjellerupi
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |
Hasarius scylax
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |
Hasarius sulfuratus
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |
Hasarius workmanii
| Proszynski, J. 1971: 412 |