Felisacus magnificus Distant, 1904

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Revision And Phylogeny Of The Fern-Inhabiting Genus Felisacus Distant (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) Anna A. Namyatova And Gerasimos Cassis, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (403), pp. 1-169 : 117-120

Felisacus magnificus Distant, 1904

Figures 6 , 10J , 12W, X , 14Y , 16A, B , 20

Felisacus magnificus Distant, 1904: 439 (original description).

Felisacus pulchellus Poppius, 1915a: 80 (synonymized by Carvalho, 1981: 62).

Felisacus capitatus Miyamoto, 1965: 164 ; new synonymy.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the following combination of characters: presence of distinct C-shaped dark brown marking on corium, with anterior and posterior parts reaching R+M, anterior part not inclined posteriorly (fig. 6); antennal segment I widened (as in Namyatova and Cassis, in press: fig. 8B), red; antennal segment II often brown; dorsal surface of head flat (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6E), vertex flat; labium reaching posterior margin of mesosternum; apex of cuneus red; femora often with brown or red markings in apical half; ventral wall of genital capsule with tooth posteriorly (fig. 14Y); right paramere straight, its inner angle with slightly curved outgrowth (fig. 12W); apical part of left paramere widened, with tooth apically and without outgrowth on dorsal surface; medial part of left paramere with narrow outgrowth (fig. 12X); apical half of ductus seminis sclerotized, hooked apically; vesica without sclerites (fig. 10J).

REDESCRIPTION: Male. Total length 3.4–4.0. COLORATION (fig. 6): Head: Mostly yellow to pale brown, sometimes with reddish markings; buccula and apex of clypeus often brown. Eye dark brown with reddish tinge, sometimes uniformly red. Labium: Segment I–II brown, segments III yellow to pale brown, rarely brown, segment IV yellow. Antenna: Segment I red, reddish brown or brown, segment II brown, often yellow at base, rarely yellow and brown apically, segments III–IV pale brown to brown, often darker than segment II, sometimes segment IV somewhat paler than segment III. Thorax: Anterior part of pronotum yellow to pale brown, brown near forecoxae, posterior part of pronotum uniformly brown to dark brown; scutellum and mesoscutum brown to dark brown; thoracic pleura mostly brown to dark brown, metapleuron often whitish yellow posteriorly, scent gland evaporative area whitish yellow. Hemelytron: Mostly translucent; clavus opaque, uniformly brown to dark brown; corium, embolium, and cuneus translucent; corium with yellow tinge, with brown anterior angles and C-shaped dark brown marking, anterior part of this marking reaching R+M, posterior part reaching costal margin; embolium colorless, with dark brown apex and sometimes pale brown to dark brown marking medially, margins of embolium yellow to pale brown, outer margin sometimes somewhat darker than inner margin; cuneus colorless with red apex, yellow outer margin and colorless inner margin; membrane gradually changing color from pale brown to brown anteriorly and yellow posteriorly, membrane cell pale brown to brown. Legs: Coxae whitish yellow to yellow; femora yellow, often whitish yellow basally, often hind femur and rarely fore- and middle femora with pale brown to brown or reddish apex and marking on apical part, sometimes that marking very pale; tibiae often yellow basally and whitish yellow apically, sometimes pale brown, brown, or reddish basally and yellow apically, rarely uniformly yellow; foretarsus whitish or yellow, middle and hind tarsi yellow. Abdomen: Yellow with brown segment IX and dorsum, sometimes reddish apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Corium smooth, with shallow punctation. Dorsum clothed with setae longer than antennal segment II diameter; antennal segment I clothed with suberect setae shorter than antennal segment II diameter; femora clothed with suberect setae subequal to or longer than antennal segment II diameter; abdomen clothed with suberect setae of different length. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Body ca. 3.9–4.2× as long as pronotum width. Head: Transverse depression delimiting occipital region present only dorsally; distance between depression and pronotum slightly longer than eye diameter; longitudinal sulcus on dorsal surface of head shorter than eye diameter; eye diameter distinctly shorter than distance from head to pronotum; vertex ca. 1.9–2.3× as wide as eye, flat (Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6E). Labium: Reaching posterior margin of mesosternum or slightly surpassing it; segments I and II as long as wide, combined ca. 1.5× as long as segment III; dorsal surface of segment II not elongate posteriorly (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 6E); segment III shorter than ventral side of head; segment IV subequal to half of segment III. Antenna: Segment I widened medially (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 8B), ca. 1.1–1.2× as long as head width, ca. 0.6–0.7× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 1.4–1.6× as long as head width, ca. 0.7–0.8× as long as pronotum width; segment III slightly longer than segment II and ca. twice as long as segment IV. Thorax: Anterior part of pronotum distinctly shorter than posterior part; collar distinct; posterior part slightly upraised; posterior margin of pronotum usually straight, sometimes slightly concave; pronotum ca. 1.2–1.4× as wide as long and ca. 1.8–2.9× as wide as head; mesoscutum usually slightly exposed, sometimes not exposed. Hemelytron: Area along inner margin of corium; inner margin of cuneus straight (as in Namyatova et al., 2016: fig. 13F), outer margin of cuneus twice as long as base. Abdomen: Genital capsule rotated 45º. Genitalia: Genital capsule (fig. 14Y) twice as long as wide; ventral wall ca. 1.5× as long as dorsal wall, with posterior margin of ventral wall nor curved, with toothlike outgrowth; right side of genital capsule folded, left side of genital capsule not widened; paramere sockets angulate; distance between paramere sockets ca. 0.3× as long as genital capsule width at base. Right paramere (fig. 12W) almost straight; apex slightly concave; medial part narrower than basal part, without setae, outer margin convex and inner margin concave, without swelling; outer angle absent; inner angle distinct with curved outgrowth, bearing setae; basal part ca. 0.7× as long as rest of paramere. Left paramere (fig. 12X) distinctly curved medially; apical part flattened, with toothlike outgrowth apically, posterior surface without other outgrowth; middle part widened dorsally, with narrow outgrowth at inner side, bearing setae. Aedeagus (general view as in Namyatova et al.: fig. 22M) conjunctiva membranous; vesica without spicules; apical half of ductus seminis sclerotized, secondary gonopore placed near phallotheca mouth in repose; ductus seminis hooked apically (fig. 10J).

Female. Total length 3.6–4.0. COLORATION, SURFACE, AND VESTITURE (fig. 6): As in male. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Structure as in male; body ca. 4.0–4.2× as long as pronotum width; vertex ca. 1.9–2.1× as wide as eye; antennal segment I ca. 1.1–1.2× as long as head width, ca. 0.6× as long as pronotum width; segment II ca. 1.5–1.7× as long as head width, ca. 0.8–0.9× as long as pronotum width; pronotum ca. 1.2–1.4× as wide as long and ca. 1.9–2.1× as wide as head. Genitalia (figs. 16A, B): Dorsal labiate plate very small and transparent, as wide as distance with apodemes of second valvulae, without striations or membranous ridge medially; semicircular sclerite and sclerotized rings absent; lateral oviducts placed in anterior part; spermathecal gland attached near anterior mar- gin; dorsal labiate plate without distinct tubercles, without membranous lobe posteriorly.

DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Java, Taiwan, Vietnam, (fig. 20).

HOST PLANTS: Some specimens from Lombok Is. were collected from Plesioneuron sp. (Thelypteridaceae) and Diplazium esculentum (Woodsiaceae) .

DISCUSSION: Distant (1904) described F. magnificus from Burma. Poppius (1915a) described F. pulchellus from the Philippines, noting that it differs from F. magnificus by its different coloration, antennal structure, and smooth basal part of the pronotum. Poppius (1915b) described F. longiceps from Taiwan and compared it with F. pulchellus . According to him, F. longiceps differs from the latter by the longer head and antennal segments, and different leg coloration. Carvalho (1981) synonymized Felisacus pulchellus with F. magnificus .

We examined the holotypes of F. longiceps (female), and F. pulchellus (female) and lectotype of F. magnificus (sex unknown) and regard them as very similar to each other. As all the types are females or had lost genitalia, it is problematic to determine which specimens belong to these three species. We also examined many specimens similar to these species from Southeast Asia. We were able to split the specimens into three species, based on male genitalia. They also slightly differ in coloration. The larger specimens with the dark brown to black antennal segment II and bands on the hind femora most likely belong to F. magnificus , and are very similar to the type specimen, preserved in BMNH, and to the type of its synonym F. pulchellus , preserved in the HNHM. The rest of the specimens with yellow antennal segment II and the femora without banding represent two species, with one of them having an identical vesica compared with F. magnificus , and the other species has a unique claw-shaped spicule, which has not been previously found in any Felisacus species. Felisacus longiceps is without claw-shaped spicules and is also broadly distributed in Southeast Asia. Specimens with claw-shaped spicules were collected from the Philippines and Borneo only. We regard the Taiwanese specimens as conspecific and we treat the species with a yellow antennal segment II and without bands on hind femora as F. longiceps , and the species with similar color pattern but with claw-shaped spicule as the new species F. zuparkoi (see below).

Felisacus longiceps is also very similar to F.capitatus externally and the male genitalia are depicted by Miyamoto (1965: figs. 39–41), and they are likely conspecific. According to this author, the types were preserved in the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, but we could not get any information on them from this university. Although, according to Miyamoto’s (1965) description of F. capitatus , antennal segment II is yellow, we consider this difference as minor and synonymize F. capitatus with F. magnificus .

Based on the structure of the parameres as depicted in Carvalho (1981), the specimens he examined for the description of F. magnificus are most likely F. longiceps . However, the external view of this species is most similar to F. magnificus . It is also possible that Carvalho had representatives of both species in his series, as those species can be collected together (see Material Examined sections) The identification of F. magnificus in Woodward (1954) is correct.

Felisacus magnificus is also similar to F. ceylonicus and F. lindbergae , and comparisons are provided in the discussion sections for those two species.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Lectotype ( Felisacus magnificus ): MYANMAR: Myitta, Tenasserim Valley, 14.1667 ° N 98.5167 ° E, 183 m, Doherty, Lectotype, 1 sex unknown ( BMNH). Holotype ( F. pulchellus ): Laguna: Los Banos, 1700, Baker, 1♀ (00018445) ( MZH). Additional material: INDONESIA: Java: Bogor, 6.58916 ° S 106.79305 ° E, 240 m, 23 Apr 1955, J. v. d. Vecht, 23 (00018971, 00018968), 1 sex unknown (00018970), 1♀ (00018969) ( NML). West Nusa Tenggara: Lombok Island, Senaru, Panorama track to Sendang Gila Waterfall, 8.30111 ° S 116.40833 ° E, 30 Aug 2012, F. Konstantinov, Diplazium esculentum Swartz (Woodsiaceae) , det. Michael Lovave ( LAE herbarium, PNG), 13 (00386604) ( ZISP). Lombok Island, Senaru, track to Tiu Kelep Waterfall, 8.30111 ° S 116.40833 ° E, 31 Aug 2012, F. Konstantinov, Plesioneuron sp. (Thelypteridaceae) , det. Michael Lovave ( LAE herbarium, PNG), 33 (00386636– 00386638) ( ZISP). Lombok Island, nr Senaru, 8.31956 ° S 116.405 ° E, 31 Aug 2012, F. Konstantinov, Diplazium esculentum Swartz (Woodsiaceae) , det. Michael Lovave ( LAE herbarium, PNG), 33 (00386623, 00386624, 00386622), 2 sex unknown (00386625, 00271349) ( ZISP). JAPAN: Okinawa: Ishigaki Is., Ryukyu Islands, 24.4 ° N 124.2 ° E, 13 Oct 1999, Belokobylskij, 13 (00271512) ( ZISP); 14 Oct 1999, Belokobylskij, 13 (00271511) ( ZISP); 20 Oct 1999, Belokobylskij, 13 (00271510) ( ZISP); 21 Oct 1999, Belokobylskij, 13 (00271513), 1♀ (00271506) ( ZISP). TAIWAN: Pihu, 49 km E of Taipei on Hwy 9 to Yilan, 24.79194 ° N 121.78166 ° E, 380 m, 18 Feb 1972, T.C. Maa, 33 (00043195, 00043197, 00043198), 7♀ (00043199–00043202, 00043204–00043206) ( BPBM). Wulai nr Taipei, 400 m, 12 Apr 1960, T.C. Maa, 13 (00043196) ( BPBM). THAILAND: Nakhon Nayok: Sarika Waterfall, 14.30489 ° N 101.25506 ° E, 17 Jun 2009 – 18 Jun 2009, T. Yasunaga, 53 (00021594– 00021598), 1♀ (00021599) ( TYCN). VIET- NAM: Dak Lak: Buon Ma Thuot [BanMeThuot], 12.6733 ° N 108.04459 ° E, 500 m, 20 Dec 1960 – 24 Dec 1960, C.M. Yoshimoto, 13 (00043193) ( BPBM). Gia Lai: 20 km N Kan Nak [Zalay- Kontum Prov., Buon-Luoi Dist., 20 km N Kannack], 14.18252 ° N 108.58748 ° E, 20 Oct 1988, Sharkov, 1♀ (00271526) ( ZISP). Hòa Bình: Hoa Binh: Near Mai Chau [Mai Chon, Mai Chou], 20.667 ° N 105.084 ° E, 31 Oct 1990, Belokobylskij, 43 (00271522–00271525) ( ZISP). Lam Dong: Fyan [Ngoc Son], 11.88333 ° N 108.2 ° E, 1200 m, 11 Jul 1961 – 09 Aug 1961, N.R. Spencer, 13 (00043194) ( BPBM). Vinh Phuc: Tam Dao, 100 km NW Ha Noi [Hanoi], 21.47607 ° N 105.56339 ° E, 1000 m, 16 Feb 1990, Belokobylskij, 4♀ (00045813, 00045812, 00045811, 00045810), 63 (00045814, 00045812, 00045810) ( ZISP); 12 Nov 1990, Belokobylskij, 1♀ (00045815), 13 (00045815) ( ZISP); 14 Nov 1990, Belokobylskij, 113 (00038596–00038598, 00386602, 00386601, 00038599), 6♀ (00038597, 00038598, 00386602, 00038599) ( ZISP).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Habitus of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 10. A, C–L, O, P. Apical part of aedeagus of Felisacus species B, E, M. Vesica of Felisacus species. N. Aedeagus of F.webbi.

FIGURE 12. Parameres of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 14. Genital capsule of Felisacus species.

FIGURE 16. A, C, E, G, I, K, L, N. Dorsal labiate plate of bursa copulatrix of Felisacus species B, D, F, H, J, M, O. Posterior wall of bursa copulatrix of Felisacus species The small scale is for F. curvatus and F. wangae, the large scale for all others.

FIGURE 20. Distribution of Felisacus species.