Croton tricolor Klotzsch ex Baillon (1864: 291)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7674331 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65-FFC7-1006-81E4-E087FD9D5F1E |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Croton tricolor Klotzsch ex Baillon (1864: 291) |
status |
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11. Croton tricolor Klotzsch ex Baillon (1864: 291) View in CoL View at ENA .
— Oxydectes tricolor (Klotzsch ex Baillon) Kuntze (1891: 613) View in CoL .
Lectotype (first step designated by Gomes et al. [2010a: 907], second step designated by van Ee [2011: 31]):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: without locality, without date, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire, cat C 1, n. 92 ( P [ P00634797 !]; isolectotypes: A [ A00303790 !, A00303791 !], F [ F0077753F !], P [ P00634794 !, P00634795 !]) . Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 (g–k), 9 (b)
Croton argyrophylloides M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96) View in CoL .— Oxydectes argyrophylloides (M̧ller Argoviensis) Kuntze (1891: 611) View in CoL . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Bahia: “ secus Rio Francisco ”, 1838, J.S. Blanchet 2835 (G [G00434466!]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008526595!], C [C 10011157!], F [F0BN005054!], G [G00311380!], P [P00634797!, P00634798!]).
Croton tricolor M ̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96) View in CoL , nom. illeg. Holotype:— BRAZIL. “ In Brasilia meridional prope Facienda do Funil ”, 1836, Sellow B 2114 , c 2077 (B [ B10 0086878!]; isotypes: BR [ BR0000008553065 !], G [ G00434660 !], P [ P00634796 !]).
Croton rufo-argenteus M̧ller Argoviensis (1873: 135) View in CoL .— Oxydectes rufoargentea (M̧ll. Arg.) Kuntze (1891: 612) View in CoL . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “ Prope Funil ad Rio Paraopeba et ad Rio Macacos ”, 24 April 1866, J.E.B. Warming 1554 (C [C10011192!]; isolectotype: G [G00434621!]).
Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; latex absent; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, brown to grayish; trichomes lepidote. Leaves alternate, stipules lanceolate to auriculate, 0.8–1 × 0.3–0.6 cm, usually persistent, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4–0.7 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate, elliptic to long elliptic, rarely ovate, 2–11 × 0.5–3 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate and stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent, abaxial surface shiny, silver to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, venation eucamptodromous, with 8–14 secondary veins. Thyrses 1–30 cm long, terminal, with lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.3–1.0 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts linear to lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm, deciduous, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels ca. 3 mm long; sepals silvery to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes oval, 2 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals silver to ferruginous, lanceolate, 2 × 0.6 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with trichomes lepidote, stellate internally; stamens 10–15, filament 1–2 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicels 2–3 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for up to ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate to oblong, equal in size, 2–4 × 1 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals absent; ovary long ellipsoid to ovoid, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2, with lepidote trichomes; styles patent, free, multipartite, up to 24 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate trichomes. Capsule green silvery to ferruginous, ovoid to subspheroid, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, 3-lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 4 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to greyish, with reddish to black spots, ellipsoid, 3.5 × 2 mm, papillose rugose, caruncle elliptic.
Vernacular names: —Alecrim de vaqueiro, folha de prata, capixigui-mirim.
Distribution and habitat, conservation status and phenology: — Croton tricolor occurs in Colombia, Brazil, and Venezuela ( Gomes 2006, Luján et al. 2015), being most widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from northern Ceará to Paraná (Caruzo et al. 2022) ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 , b). It can be found in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains, reaching transition areas between those and the Cerrado. It is found in clayey soils, and mainly in montane forests, less frequently in anthropized areas such as roadsides. Besides its AOO (ca. 770 km 2), this species is classified here as of Least Concern (LC), based on its EOO (> 9,600,000 km 2), and populations occurring in several protected areas. Flowering from November to April and fruiting from December to May.
Notes: — Croton tricolor can be easily recognized by its monopodial branching, in addition to its lanceolate to auriculate stipules, ovate to oblong sepals of the pistillate flower, and papillose rugose seed surface. Croton tricolor can be confused with C. limae and C. suassunae . Their distinguishing characters are cited in the notes concerning C. limae and C. suassunae .
Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Arapiraca , Serra das Mangabeiras, 9º75’55” S, 36º66’39” W, 31 May 2008, L. L. M . Barbosa 23 (MAC). Bahia: Abaíra , without further locality, 13º31’66”67 S, 41º86’66” W, 5 February 1994, W . Ganev 2968 ( HUEFS) . Ceará: Crato, Chapada do Araripe , 11 January 1989, A . Fernandes & J. F . Matos s.n. ( EAC15883 About EAC ) . Espírito Santo: Linhares , without further locality, 4 January 2017, D. A . Folli 7526 ( CVRD) . Minas Gerais: Igarapé, Próximo a Serra do Itatiaiçu , 20 December 1999, A . Salino 5010 ( SP) . Paraíba: Maturéia, topo do Pico do Jabre , 7º25’31” S, 37º38’46” W, 5 May 2010, D. Araújo 1553 ( HVASF) GoogleMaps . Paraná: Querênia do Norte , RPPN GoogleMaps Santa Mariana , 22º92’59” S, 53º45’41” W, 19 January 2011, G. O. Landgraf 122 ( HUEM). Pernambuco: Exu, Chapada do Araripe , 7º73’33” S, 40º23’33” W, 16 February 1984, G . Fotius 3783 ( HUEFS) . Rio Grande do Norte: Martins, Sitio do Sr. Clesinho , 29 April 2012, J. G . Jardim 6208 ( HURB). S „ o Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio , 21 February 2005, M. B. R . Caruzo & L. R . Mendonça 85 ( SP) . Sergipe: Poço Redondo, Serra da Guia , 9º80’52” S, 37º68’41” W, 3 March 2010, W. J . Machado et al. 216 ( ASE) .
M |
Botanische Staatssammlung München |
L |
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch |
S |
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
W |
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien |
HUEFS |
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana |
A |
Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
J |
University of the Witwatersrand |
F |
Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department |
CVRD |
Reserva Natural da Vale |
SP |
Instituto de Botânica |
HVASF |
Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco |
G |
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève |
O |
Botanical Museum - University of Oslo |
HUEM |
Universidade Estadual de Maringá |
HURB |
Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia |
B |
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet |
R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
ASE |
Universidade Federal de Sergipe |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Croton tricolor Klotzsch ex Baillon (1864: 291)
Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria & Sales, Margareth Ferreira De 2023 |
Oxydectes tricolor (Klotzsch ex Baillon)
Kuntze 1891: 613 |