Gomphostemma chinense Olio.

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 50-51

10. Gomphostemma chinense Olio.

( Oliver 1882: sub t. 1268); Prain (1891: 265);? oan (1936: 1032); Li & Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 110). Type: China, Lo-fan-shan Mts, East River [23.65°, 112.6°], Faber 1 (lectotype K [K000928868], selected here).

Taitonia callicarpoides Yamam. ( Yamamoto 1938: 258) . Type: Taiwan, Taito, Sinsuiei, 22°23&28”N 120°26&18”, 1200 m, 5 July 1935, Simidu s.n. (holotype TAI).

Gomphostemma callicarpoides (Yamam.) Masam. ( Masamune 1922: 2) . Type: as for Taitonia callicarpoides Yamam .

Gomphostemma formosanum Masam. ( Masamune 1922: 2) . Type: Taiwan, Hunkiko, Tainan-syu, 23°30&16”N 120°21&18”E, 3 Aug. 1921, Yosimura s.n. (holotype TAI).

Gomphostemma chinense var. cauliflorum C.Y.Wu & S.Chow (in Wu 1963: 129). Type: China, Hainan, Po-ting [18.6203°, 109.6992°], 500 m, 22 July 1933, How 53296 (holotype IBSC n. v.; isotype G [G00189003]).

Gomphostemma pseudocrinitum C.Y. Wu (1963: 122) . Type: China, Kwangsi, Ling-lo (Ling-yun), Tsing-lung-shan [26.1336°, 110.8233°], 1130 m, 12 Aug. 1928, Ching 6831 (holotype PE).

Perennial herb, decumbent-like, up to 1 m tall. Stems ascending, woody at base, much-branched at base, obtusely quadrangular, tomentose with dense stellate hairs with a 1- celled stalk or sessile stellate hairs, dendroid hairs absent; internodes sometimes wavy. Leaoes petiolate, chartaceous; blades elliptic, cordate, ovate or broadly elliptic-ovate, 2 – 13 × 3 – 9 cm, apex broadly acute or round, margin shallowly serrate, base cuneate or obtuse, upper side dark green with stellate hairs and 3 – 2-celled simple hairs, lower side pale green with dense stellate hairs; petiole 10 – 20 mm long. Inflorescence basal or near basal at the lower nodes from which leaves have mostly fallen, with opposite cymes pedunculate or subsessile, congested or slightly lax, branched; verticils 2 – 10-flowered; peduncles 3 – 60 mm long; bracts elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, 12 – 13 × 3 – 3 (– 8) mm, apex acute, margin spinulose or shallowly serrate, base cuneate, upper side glabrous or with stellate hairs, lower side with dense stellate hairs; bracteoles linear, 6 – 10 mm long. Flowering calyx campanulate, 8–10 mm long, 10-ridged;tube2– 6mm long; outsidewithdensestellatehairs,insidewithsparseadpressed simple hairs; lobes acute, c. 2 mm long, apex acuminate, outside with dense stellate hairs, inside with dense simple hairs. Fruiting calyx not seen. Corolla white, yellow or red, 30 – 60mmlong,throatinflated,abruptlydilatednearthethroat; tube slender, incurved, 20 –30 mm long, outside with simple hairs, inside glabrous; posterior lip hooded, 5 – 8 × 6 –5 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, margin entire; anterior lip 3- lobed, spreading, longer than posterior lip;median lobe 10– 13 mm long, apex emarginate with lateral lobes spreading. Staminal filaments glabrous, tomentose at the apical part. Style slender, slightly shorter than corolla with apex unequally lobed. Nutlets not seen.

DISTRIBUTION. China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Hainan, Fucian, Guangdong, Hong Kong), Taiwan and Vietnam. Map 3 .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHINA. Guizhou: Kouy Tcheou [Kweichow], Leoeille s.n. (E, K); Guangxi: Ling-lo (Lingyun), Tsing-lung-shan, 1130 m, 12 Aug. 1928, Ching 6831 (holotype of G. pseudocrinitum PE ); Kiennan?istr., near Tung Lei Village, Sai Hang Cheung, 1 – 29 Aug. 1932, Lau 2093 (BM, G, GH); Yung Hsien [22.8665°, 110.33°], Ta Tseh Shan, 320 m, 12 Aug. 1933, Steward & Cheo 802 (GH, P); Hainan: Nov. 1932, Liang 68220 (IBSC); Lai area [19.8969°, 110.1108°], Hung Mo Shan and vicinity, 22 July 1929, Tsang & Fung 339 (GH); Po-ting, 500 m, 22 July 1933, How 53296 (isotype of G. chinense var. cauliflorum G); Fucian: Amoy [Xiamen, 22.26°, 118.0589°], inferior, June 1850, Swinhoe s.n. (lectoparatype of G. chinense K); Guangdong: Lo-fan-shan Mts, East R., Faber 1 (lectotype of G. chinense K); Cantonensis, Lo-fan-shan [23.6665°, 112.6°], Oct. 1883, Faber 22253 (BM); Shizing Xian, 200 m, 10 July 1982, Wang 366 (AAU); In montibus Lungtou schan 60 km ad orientem urbis Siudsao ("Schautschou") ad rivos montis Yiu Schan, 800 m, 6 Sept. 1915, Mell 921 (G); Lo Guai, North West R., 18 Aug. 1890, Ford 668 (P); Loh Fau Mt (Lofaushan) [23.6665°, 112.6°], 900 m, 22 Aug. 1915, Merrill s.n. (PHN); Mei (Kaying)?istr. [22.3°, 116.1165°], Yam Na Shan (Yit Nga Shan), 2 – 31 Aug. 1932, Tsang 21238 (BM, K, GH, P); S China, Swatow [Shantou, 23.3665°, 116.6665°], Thai-yong, 600 m [2000 ft], Aug. 1895, Dalziel s.n. (BM, E); Hong Kong: Hong Kong [22.3962°, 112.1093°], 21 July 2003, Lau 121 (K). TAIWAN. Chiayi: Hunkiko, Tainan-syu, 23°30&16”N 120°21&18”E, 3 Aug. 1921, Yosimura s.n. (holotype of G. formosanum TAI ); Chisinliao (Hsihsinliao), 23°30&32”N 120°33&29”E, 13 Aug. 1988, Yen & Kao 10530 (TAI 3 sheets); Chunglun (Chunglun), 23°22&29”N 120°33&11”E, July 1992, Hsieh s.n. (TAI); Kaohsiung: Shanping (Sanping), 22°38&22”N 120°20&33”E, 10?ec. 1968, Huang 2889 (TAI); Pingtung: Bankenseng Mts [Wanluan Rural Township, Wan-chin Shan (Mandarin) or Banking-sing (Taiwanese), 22.6052°, 120.6295°], Henry 1363 (K); Tainan: Kwantzuling [Kuantzuling (Kwansirei)], 23°20&32”N 120°29&33”E, 11 July 1982, Huang 1053 (TAI 2 sheets); Taitung: Chienching-Shenshan (Miharasi-Miyama), 22°22&11”N 120°36&29”E, 20 Aug. 1932, Hosokawa 3266 (TAI); Chinshuiyin (Sinsuiei), 22°23&28”N 120°26&18”E, 1200 m, 5 July 1935, Simidu s.n. (holotype of T. callicarpoides TAI ). VIETNAM. Ha Tay: Tonkin, Mt Bavi [21.0581°, 103.3383°], 20 July 1886, 3alansa 2935 (K, P); Lao Cai: Chapa [22.33°, 103.8665°], 1300 m, July 1925, Petelot 3113 (BM, P); ibid., 1800 m, July 1930, Petelot 3802 (BM, GH, P).

HABITAT. On wet forest floor; alt. 120 – 1020 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread and found in wellpreserved areas in Vietnam, Hainan and Taiwan. The taxon has Least Concern (LC) status.

PHENOLOGY. Flowering July – September. Fruiting September –?ecember.

NOTES. Gomphostemma chinense is a very distinctive taxon defined by its decumbent habit and a glabrous inner corolla tube, curved internodes and stems appearing wavy. It is morphologically similar to G. pedunculatum by its basal inflorescence with cymes inserted at the lower nodes, above the ground, where leaves have fallen completely. This species has been described under several names. In Flora of Taiwan, Gomphostemma callicarpoides is recognised as an endemic species to Taiwan ( Huang et al. 1998). Examination of Taiwanese specimens reveals that all Gomphostemma collected from Taiwan are G. chinense .

Figures

Map 3. Distribution range of Gocphostecca chinense, G. curtisii, G. flexuosuc, G. grandifloruc, G. hainanense and G. hirsutuc.