Gomphostemma parpiflorum Wall. ex 3enth

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 47-49

8. Gomphostemma parpiflorum Wall. ex 3enth .

(Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12); Hooker (1883: 695); Prain (1891: 232); Mukercee (1920: 208); Keng (1969: 83, 1958: 321); Murata (1956: 190); Li & Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 102); Walsingham (2019: 203). Type: India, Sillet [Sylhet, 22.8833°, 91.83°], de Siloa s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138 (lectotype K [K000826320], selected here].

Gomphostemma multiflorum Benth. ( Bentham 1828: 332) . Type: India, Sillet, Wall. Cat. s.n. (holotype K [K000826321]).

Gomphostemma dichotomum Zoll. & Moritzi ( Zollinger & Moritzi 1826: 32). Type: Indonesia, Java, Zollinger 2028 (holotype P [P00686222]; isotypes A n.v., BM 2 sheets, G [G00189002, G00188982], P [P0068230]).

Gomphostemma bartlettii Merr. ( Merrill 1932b: 191) . Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Tapianoeli, between Panapparan and Pagar Batoe, Habinsaran, 15 May 1925, 3artlett 5933 (holotype NY; isotypes L, US).

Gomphostemma paroiflorum var. farinosa Prain (1891: 233) . Type: India, Assam, Goalpara [26.15°, 90.62°], 22 July 1808, Hamilton s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138? [‘ a’] (lectotype CAL [CAL0000005133], selected here; isolectotype K-W [K001113326]).

Gomphostemma salarkhaniana Khanam & M.A.Hassan (2003: 63) . Type: Bangladesh, Sylhet, Tamabil, 13 Oct. 1953, Khan, Huq & Hassan 3296 (holotype?ACB n.v.).

Perennial herb 1 – 2 m tall. Stems erect, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with dense dendroid hairs and stellate hairs. Leaoes petiolate, chartaceous; blades elliptic-obovate, 20 – 20 × 10 – 20 cm, apex acute, margin shallowly serrate, base attenuate, upper side dark green with stiff stellate hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with dense stellate hairs with a 1-celled or multi-celled stalk; petioles 20 – 20 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, with opposite cymes pedunculate, branched then lax, exceeding 20 mm wide when pressed, excluding corolla, inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils many-flowered; peduncles 3 – 13 mm long; bracts obovate, 8 – 13 × 2 – 5 mm, broader than the calyx, apex acute, margin entire. Flowering calyx tubular-infundibular, 8 – 12 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with dense stellate hairs, inside tomentose with adpressed shortly simple hairs; tube 3 – 5 mm long; lobes triangular, 3 – 3 mm long, apex acuminate. Fruiting calyx infundibular, 8 – 13 mm long; tube 3 – 5 mm long; lobes triangular, 3 – 6 mm long, apex acuminate, sometimes subulate. Corolla bright yellow, 20 – 33 mm long, throat narrow, not enlarged, sometimes gradually dilated towards the throat, outside with simple hairs and glandular-like simple hairs, inside glabrous; tube slender, straight, 13 – 30 mm long, exserted from the calyx; posterior lip slightly hooded, elliptic-ovate, 3 – 6 mm long; anterior lip 3-lobed, slightly longer than posterior lip; median lobe elliptic, 2 – 6 mm long; lateral lobes elliptic. Staminal filaments fleshy, tomentose. Style slender, glabrous with apex unequally lobed. Nutlets solitary, white when fresh, elliptic-ovate or oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, glabrous. Fig. 1C & 6B, G .

DISTRIBUTION. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Assam), Nepal, Bangladesh, China, (Yunnan), Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Java). Map 2 .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA. West Bengal:?arceeling, Ryang, 300 m [1000 ft], 12 Nov. 1850, Clarke 13563A (BM); ?arceeling, Bomunpokri Hill [25.0333°, 88.1665°], Aug. 1852, Gamble 3818A (K); ?arceeling, Badamtam [25.0333°, 88.1665°], 600 m [2000 ft], Aug. 1881, Gamble 9522 (lectoparatype of G. paroiflorum var. farinosa , K); Jalpaiguri, Chapramari Forest, 25 July 2002, 3hattachcharya & Party 31165 (CAL); Jalpaiguri,?uars, Jan. – May 1893, Haines 316 (K); Kuntimari, Jalpaiguri, 12 Jan. 1939, Parkinson 3260 (GH); Sikkim: ibid., 1200 m [2000 ft], Hooker s.n. (K, L); Teesta Valley, 300 m [1000 ft], 20 Aug. 1852, Gamble s.n. (K 2 sheets); Teesta R., 300 m [1000 ft], 12 Nov. 1850, Clarke 13652A (lectoparatype of G. paroiflorum var. farinosa, BM ); Mongpo, 300 m [1000 ft], 3?ec. 1882, Clarke 36152B (E); Terai, 1200 m [2000 ft], Sept. 1823, Hooker s.n. (K, TC?); Arunachal Pradesh: Namchik R. Valley, 23 mile mark on Ledo Road [25.2922°, 96.0908°], 11 Sept. 1923, 3elcher 221 (K); Assam: Griffith 339 (K); ibid., Griffith s.n. (K); ibid., 1826, Griffith s.n. (K); ibid., July, Simons 26 (K); Goyalpara [Goalpara], 22 July 1808, Hamilton s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138? [‘a’] (lectotype of G. paroiflorum var. farinosa, CAL ; isolectotype K-W); ibid., 23 Oct. 1808, Hamilton s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138? [‘b’] (lectoparatypes of G. paroiflorum var. farinosa , E, K-W); North Cachar, Haflong [23.1833°, 93.0333°], 530 m [2300 ft], 3 Aug. 1908, Craib 123 (K); Assam, Kohima, Naga Hills, 1300 m [3000 ft], 19 July 1930, Koelz 23306 (L); Assam, Badarpur [22.9°, 92.6°], Nov. 1905, Meebold 3812 (K); Assam, Shella, 22 miles from Maeosmai, K B J Hills?istr., 19?ec. 1936, Panigrahi 2855 (CAL); Assam, Lushai Hills, Kaidun Kawn, 600 m [2000 ft], July 1925, Parry 283 (K); Assam, Baligan near Naga Hills, Nov. 1898, Prain's collector 390 (G 3 sheets); Assam, Jabrea Juyali Bam Garden [26.12°, 91.55°], Oct. 1898, Prain's collector 121 (E, GH, TC?); Nagaland: Mokokchcing [26.3333°, 92.3333°], 18 Sept. 1922, 3or 16663 (L); Naga Hills, Lumami, 1200 m [2000 ft], 1 July 1933, 3or 3053 (K); Kala, Naga Hills, 900 – 1200 m [3000 – 2000 ft], May 1882, Watt 5396 (E); Meghalaya: Jaintea, de Siloa s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138.2 [‘b’] (lectoparatype of G. paroiflorum K-W); Khasia, Shillong [23.3665°, 91.8833°], 1290 m [2300 ft], 23 July 1886, Clarke 22338?, E & H (BM, G); Garo Hills [23.3°, 90.3°], Rewak, 360 m [1200 ft], Parry 923 (K); Cherrapooncee, 1300 m [3000 ft], Sept. 1858, Gallatly 613 (lectoparatype of G. paroiflorum var. farinosa BM ); Nongpoh, Khasi Hills, 600 m [2000 ft], 26 June 1929, Koelz 23029 (E); Khasia, Maodadoom, 900 m [3000 ft], 3 Feb. 1886, Clarke 22921A & B (E, G); Khasia, 19 Oct. 1851, Clarke 16003 (SING); Khasia, Bor Panee [26.2165°, 92.3333°], 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 2 Oct. 1830, Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K); Khasia, Churra [23.3833°, 91.6333°], [0 – 1200 m 0 – 2000 ft], 11 Aug. 1830, Hooker & Thomson 2062 (K 2 sheets); ibid., 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 11 Aug. 1830, Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K); Khasia, Terai, 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 11 Nov. 1830, Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K); ibid., 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 16 Nov. 1830, Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K, TC?]; Mont Khasia [23.3833°, 91.6333°], 300 – 1200 m [1000 – 2000 ft], Hooker & Thomson s.n. (BM, E, G 3 sheets, L 2 sheets, P 2 sheets); Tamil Nadu: Medras, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2138.1 (lectoparatype of G. paroiflorum K-W). BANGLADESH. Sylhet: Wall. Cat. 2138 (lectotype of G. paroiflorum K); ibid., July 1820, de Siloa s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2138.2 [‘a’] (lectoparatypes of G. paroiflorum K-W, L, NY 2 sheets); ibid., Wall. Cat. s.n. (holotype of G. multiflorum K; isotype K); Chittagong: Matamori [Matamuhory, Matamuhari, 21.63°, 92°], 29 Sept. 1920, Cowan 833 (E); Maghi, Fashaba [23.6222°, 91.0561°], Cowan 1321 (E); Barkal, 29 Feb. 1856, Lister 118 (BM); ibid., 0 – 300 m [0 – 1000 ft], 9 Jan. 1831, Hooker & Thomson 288 (K). CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao [22.5665°, 101.0833°], 1200 m [2000 ft], Henry 12233A (K); Szemao, East Mountains, 1200 m [2000 ft], Henry 12233 (K); Ching-tung, Hsiao-ch&ang-chieh [22.2333°, 103.23°], 1100 m, 13?ec. 1939, Li 1291 (KUN); en route from Xima to Yingciang, 300 m, 22 Nov. 1993, Santisuk et al. 890 (BKF 2 sheets); Luchun, 23°22&31”N 102°35&23”E, 800 m, 18 Oct. 2000, Shui & Chen 13118 (KUN); Luchun, Huanglian Shan, Qi-ma-ba [22.5665°, 102.2°], 900 – 1200 m, 1 Nov. 1993, Wu et al. 1026 (KUN); Man-ya, Che-li Hsien [21.9833°, 100.8165°], 830 m, Sept. 1936, Wang 58553 (KUN). MYANMAR. Sagaing: Katha, Kadu Hill [22.1833°, 96.33°], 10 July 1911, Lace 3328 (K); Mandalay: Maymyo Plateau [22.0333°, 96.2665°], 26 July 1912, Lace 3860 (E 2 sheets, K). VIETNAM.?ien Bien: Muong phang [?ien Bien, 21.2231°, 103.1325°], 29 June 2003, 3inh & Cuong 1336 (HN).

THAILAND. Mae Hong Son: Khun Yuam, toward Mae Surin Waterfall, 18°32&N 98°3&E, 1300 m, 22 Sept. 1993, Larsen et al. 26853 (AAU); Chiang Mai:?oi Chiang?ao [19.3833°, 98.9°], 20?ec. 1961, 3unchai 82 (BKF); ibid., 1010 m, 9 May 1932, 3unchai 230 (BKF); ibid., 1800 – 2130 m, 25 Oct. 1959, Shimizu et al. T-21195 (BKF); ibid., 1600 m, 15 Feb. 1938, Sørensen et al. 1293 (BKF, C 2 sheets); ?oi Chiang?ao, at foot N of Ban Tam [19.3922°, 98.9265°], 220 m, 25 Aug. 1933, Garrett 995 (BKF, K 2 sheets, L, P, TC?); ?oi Chiang?ao, Me Na Lao drainage, 620 m, 29?ec. 1933, Garrett 1223 (K, L, P); ?oi Chiang?ao, E side, Pa Blawng Caves area [19.3833°, 98.9°], 600 m, 13 Jan. 1989, Maxwell 89-22 (L); ?oi Chiang?ao Wildlife Sanctuary, N side of?oi Luang, above Sop Huay Pah?ang-Huay Nah Lao Station, 953 m, 8 Oct. 1993, Maxwell 93-830 (BKF, CMUB); ?oi Inthanon, Mae Pan Waterfall [18.3263°, 98.2335°], 1000 – 1060 m, 29 July 1988, Fukuoka T-62322 (BKF); Mae Rim, Pong Yaeng [18.8902°, 98.8296°], 1000 m, 9 Sept. 2009, Maxwell 09-239 (CMUB, QBG); ?oi Ang Khang [19.8°, 98.9833°], 3 Feb. 1992, Tiptabiankarn 1352 (SLR); Chiang Rai: Khun Korn Waterfall [19.8821°, 99.6169°], 653 m, 11 Oct. 1995, KK 398 (BCU); Khun Lao,?oi Pee Pan Nam [19.13°, 101.1833°], 1000 m, 23 Sept. 2005, Watthana 2262 (QBG); Nan:?oi Phu Kha, 19°10&N 101°3&E, 1200 m, 11 Sept. 1993, Larsen et al. 26333 (AAU); Nan,?oi Phu Khan National Park, c. 13 km E after past highest point, 19°23&N 101°16&E, 1000 m, 16 Aug. 1993, Parnell et al. 93-136 (K, TC?); Pua,?oi Phu Kha National Park, Tam Pha Khaw, 1000 m, 3 July 2 0 0 1, Srisanga 19 22 (QBG); Phitsanulok: Phu Mieng Mountain [16.83°, 101.1165°], 500 m, 29 July 1966, Larsen et al. 1098 (AAU, BKF); Phetchabun: Nam Nao National Park [16.5383°, 101.3698°], trail W from Visitor Centre, 23 Sept. 1992, 3oyce 1026 (K); Loei: Na Haew, 1000 m, 30 July 1993, Na Nakorn et al. 2020 (QBG). INDONESIA. JAVA. Zollinger 2028 (holotype of G. dichotomum , P; isotypes BM 2 sheets, G, P).

HABITAT. Evergreen forest; alt. 220 – 1900 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread; Least Concern (LC).

PHENOLOGY. Flowering June – January. Fruiting October – May.

NOTES. Gomphostemma paroiflorum is recognisable by broad bracts broader than the calyx and calyx lobes not longer than the tube. It is morphologically similar to G. crinitum by having a straight corolla tube and a narrow corolla throat. Although the type specimen of G. salarkhaniana has not been seen, this species is similar to G. paroiflorum based on the plant description from the protologue. Hence, G. salarkhaniana is reduced to a synonym of G. paroiflorum .

The localities of Gomphostemma paroiflorum mentioned in the protologue included Nepal, Sillet and Penang but, based on Wallich (1829), there is no collection collected from Nepal under the catalogue number 2138.

The evidence for matching Wall. Cat. 2138 housed at K (Herb. Benthamianum sheet) with either Wall. Cat. 2138.2 [‘a’] (K-W) or Wall. Cat. 2138.2 [‘b’] (K-W) is not clear. Hence, no isolectotype of Gomphostemma paroiflorum is designated.

There is one specimen labelled as Zollinger 2028 (P [P00686229]) but it is Gomphostemma jaoanicum based on the calyx character, prominently 10-ridged.

Figures

Map 2. Distribution range of Gocphostecca longipetaluc, G. niveuc, G. parvifloruc and G. thocsonii.

Fig. 1. A – B Gocphostecca castersii: A tuber-like roots; B corolla with inflated throat. C G. parvifloruc: axillary inflorescence and corolla with narrow throat. D G. javanicuc: fleshy nutlets. E – F G. leptodon: E axillary inflorescence; F flower, note calyx lobes longer than the tube and corolla with inflated throat. PHOTOS: A – B & D THAMMARAT PHUTTHAI; C;HANU;ONG; ONGCHEEWIN; E – F MAXIM NURALIEV.

Fig. 6. Floral corphology of Gocphostecca crinituc, G. cicrocalyx, G. parvifloruc and G. thocsoni. A – E flowering calyx, corolla and lower lip. A G. crinituc (Roĸinson s.n.); B G. parvifloruc (froc Garrett 997); C G. cicrocalyx [straight corolla forc] (froc Yii & Othcan S46181); D G. cicrocalyx [incurved corolla forc] (froc de Wilde et al. 16949); E G. thocsonii (froc Hooker & Thocson s.n. (holotype)). F – J fruiting calyx, dissected, drawn to show the outer surface on one lobe and the inner surface on the four others. F G. crinituc (froc Lic FRI32830); G G. parvifloruc (froc Boyce 1026); H G. cicrocalyx (froc Anderson S20933); J G. thocsonii (froc Hooker & Thocson s.n. (isotype)). DRAWN;Y ANDREW;ROWN.