Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny, in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 690. 1798.

Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko & Dorr, Laurence J., 2021, Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies, PhytoKeys 186, pp. 53-72 : 53

Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny, in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 690. 1798.

Carolinea insignis Sw., Prodr. 101. 1788. Pachira loddigesii Decne., Ann. Gén. Hort. 23: 51. 1881? [1880], nom. illeg. superfl. Bombax insigne (Sw.) K. Schum., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895, non Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 71, tt. 79, 80. 1830. Bombax spectabile Ulbr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 544. 1913, nom. nov.

Carolinea affinis Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1826 [1824]. Pachira affinis (Mart.) Decne., Ann. Gén. Hort. 23: 52. 1881? [1880]. Bombax affine (Mart.) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 162. 1930. Type: Brazil. Pará, Habitat in aquaticis Archipelagi Paraënsis, s.d. (lf, fl), C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (lectotype, designated here: M barcode 0211673; isolectotype: M barcode 0211672).

Pachira macrantha Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gén. Hort. 23: 47. 1881? [1880], nom. nud., pro syn.

Pachira spruceana Decne, Ann. Gén. Hort. 23: 46. 1881? [1880]. Bombax spruceanum (Decne.) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 126. 1925. Type: Brazil. Amazonas, Panure ad Rio Uaupes, Oct 1852-Jan 1853 (lf, fl), R. Spruce 2884 (lectotype, designated here: P barcode 04694521 [= F neg. no. 35353]; isolectotypes: BM barcode 000645672, BR barcode 0000006960704, BR barcode 0000006962050, E barcode 00285198, F n.v., G n.v., K barcode 000382357, K barcode 000382358, LD barcode 1758563, LD barcode 1758627, LE n.v., NY n.v., P barcode 06715161, P barcode 06623110, P barcode 06623111, P barcode 04694522, RB barcode 00059374 (2 sheets), W n.v.).

Type.

Brazil. Amazonas, Paraná da Eva, Rio Amazonas, abaixo de Manaus, 27 Mar 1943 (lf, fl), A. Ducke 1211 (neotype, designated by Robyns 1963, pp. 250, 252: MO barcode 309160; isoneotypes: K barcode 000382356, MG n.v., NY n.v., R barcode 000055277, R barcode 000055277, R barcode 000055277a, S-PLE-E4290 n.v., S-PLE-E4291 n.v., S-PLE-E4292 n.v., US barcode 00101951, US barcode 00901732, US barcode 00901733) .

Note.

Pachira loddigesii is an illegitimate renaming of Carolinea insignis Sw. In his protologue, Decaisne (1881) cites " Carolinea insignis , Lodd., Bot. Cab., 1004, (non Swarts)." The “name” ascribed to Loddiges, however, has no standing. Loddiges (1825) simply illustrated C. insignis Sw. without explicitly stating that he was illustrating the species previously described by Swartz. Robyns (1963, p. 250) designated a lectotype (as " holotypus ") for P. loddigesii , but this was incorrect since the name is typified automatically by the type of the name which ought to have been adopted under the rules ( Turland et al. 2018; Art. 7.5). Similarly, Turner (2016, p. 1115) argued that " Carolinea insignis G. Lodd." is a valid name, even though he noted that Loddiges cited Swartz in his description and thus provided an indirect reference to C. insignis Sw. Turner’s lectotypification of this “name” incorrectly attributed to Loddiges also is unnecessary.

A lectotype (second step) is designated here for the name Carolinea affinis because although Robyns (1963, p. 251) stated the " holotypus " was in Munich (M) there are two sheets in that herbarium. Robyns annotated both sheets as Pachira insignis , but did not indicate that either was type material. The specimen with label data that matches the type locality given in the protologue is designated here as the lectotype.

We also designate here a lectotype for Pachira spruceana . Neither Ducke (1925) nor Robyns (1963) selected one for this name. We have chosen a specimen deposited at Paris (P) that has handwriting on Spruce’s label that matches the type locality and collecting date ("Prope Panure ad rio Uaupes, Oct 1852-Jan 1853") cited in the protologue.

Bombax spectabile was proposed as a replacement name for B. insigne (Sw.) K. Schum., which is a later homonym of B. insigne Wall. Bombax insigne Wall. is a Paleotropical species found in India, south-central China, and south-east Asia.