Russelliana marionae Burckhardt, 2008

Serbina, Liliya & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Systematics, biogeography and host-plant relationships of the Neotropical jumping plant-louse genus Russelliana (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Zootaxa 4266 (1), pp. 1-114 : 37-42

Russelliana marionae Burckhardt, 2008

( Figs 9 I, 13H, 18F, 23F, 27L, 32D)

Russelliana marionae Burckhardt, 2008a: 80 .

Material examined. Type material. Holotype ♂: Argentina: Province Mendoza , above Villa Vicencia , 50 km NW Mendoza, 1800 –2200 m, 18.i.1997, Mulguraea scoparia [ Diostea scoparia ], low scrub (D. Burckhardt) #15(7) ( MHNG, dry) . Paratypes: Argentina: 4 ♂, 16 ♀, 1 immature, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #15(7) ( MHNG, NHMB, dry, on slide).

Description. Coloration. Head including genal processes pale yellow to brown, genal processes brown at base and with dark tips, vertex with yellow to brown pattern; clypeus dark brown. Eyes grey to dark brown, ocelli orange to red. Antenna pale to dirty yellow, segments 1–2 brownish, segments 3–8 with brown apices, segments 9– 10 entirely dark brown. Pronotum of the same colour as vertex, sometimes with brown spots on either side and yellow spot in the middle; mesopraescutum pale yellow to brown, with two orange to brown patches along the fore margin and two or three orange to brown transverse stripes posteriorly; mesoscutum pale yellow to brown, with four broad, and, in the middle, one narrow, orange to dark brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum pale yellow to brownish along the margin, sometimes orange in the middle. Metanotum yellow to dark brown. Forewing with whitish to dark brown veins and semitransparent, colourless membrane with dark brown pattern consisting of stripes and patches over entire surface, stretching from apical part of costal vein to median part of vein Cu1a, along vein Cu1a, and to base of vein M1+2, sometimes leaving light areas in cells m1 and m2 along the margin, interrupted patches from base of pterostigma to median part of vein M and in cell cu2, and patch along vein Cu1b; membrane between bands and patches colourless, with dots varying in size and number. Legs dirty yellow to brown, with dark brown femora and distal tarsal segments, meracanthus of metacoxa pale yellow. Abdomen and terminalia dark brown to black.

Structure. Head, in profile, weakly inclined from longitudinal body axis (<45°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse lobe on either side of mid-line, with slightly raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with long setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with long setae. Pronotum bearing two pronounced lateral tubercles on either side. Forewing oblong-oval, broadly, evenly rounded apically; vein C+Sc hardly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs weakly sinuous, curved to fore margin apically; vein M longer than either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules bold, present in all cells, leaving narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins, sparsely and irregularly spaced, becoming sparser towards base, absent or very sparse on unpigmented areas; absent in cell c+sc; radular spinules covering rounded areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 6–7 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced moderately long setae. Paramere narrowly lamellar; with finger-shaped apicoanterior process on long pedicel and long finger-shaped apico-posterior lobe, evenly rounded apically; both process and lobe of subequal length; outer face covered with moderately long setae mostly in posterior part, inner face sparsely covered with short thick bristles, with few long thick setae apically and bearing a row of long thick setae along anterior margin. Distal segment of aedeagus elongate, weakly, irregularly truncating towards apex; lateral lobes long, tubular, sclerotised.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, conspicuously bent in basal third; relatively sparsely covered with long setae. Subgenital plate subglobular, with short apical process; densely covered with long setae in ventral part.

Host-plant. Mulguraea scoparia (Gillies & Hook.) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta (Verbenaceae) .

Distribution. Reported from Argentina (Mendoza) ( Burckhardt 2008a) , the same material was examined here.

Comments. Russelliana marionae resembles R. theresae in a vertex covered with long setae, in a forewing membrane with a brown pattern, in a paramere lacking a tooth and bearing a finger-shaped apico-anterior process of subequal length with an apico-posterior lobe, in an apically angular distal segment of the aedeagus lacking tubercles and bearing long tubular lateral lobes, in a cuneate female proctiger and subglobular subgenital plate bearing a short apical process. R. marionae differs from R. theresae in a longer forewing with a less extensive pattern in the basal half of its membrane, the presence of long macroscopical setae on the forewing veins, and a paramere bearing a finger-shaped apico-posterior lobe.

Russelliana melaina sp. nov.

( Figs 1 , 9 J, 13I, 18G, 23G, 28A, 32E)

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Chile: IV Region, Province Elqui, Nueva Elqui towards La Laguna, ca 115 km E La Serena, 2600 m, 17.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., scattered shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #5(3) ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Chile: 6 ♂, 3 ♀, IV Region, Province Elqui , Coquimbo, 5 miles N of Laguna Dam, 2438 m, 6.xii.1950 (E. S. Ross & A. E. Michelbacher) ( CASC, dry) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature, same but Nueva Elqui to La Laguna, ca 115 km E La Serena, 2300 m, 17.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., quebrada vegetation with small shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #3(1, 3) ( MHNG, dry) ; 15 ♂, 16 ♀, 4 immatures, 2?, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #5(3) (BMNH, MHNG, NHMB, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol).

Description. Coloration. Head including genal processes yellow to black; clypeus black. Eyes yellow to brown, ocelli orange. Antenna yellow, segment 1 yellow to black, segments 3–8 with dark brown apices, segments 9–10 entirely dark brown. Thorax either entirely brown to black, or light with brown pattern. When thorax light, pronotum yellow; mesopraescutum yellow to orange with two brown patches along the fore margin; mesoscutum orange with four broad and, in the middle, one narrow brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum brown. Metanotum yellow to black. Forewing with pale yellow veins and semitransparent, unevenly amber-coloured membrane; sometimes with indistinct pale brown patch along vein Cu1b. Legs yellow, femora and distal tarsal segments darker at base, meracanthus of metacoxa yellow to black. Male abdomen and terminalia black, proctiger yellow at least in apical third. Female abdomen and terminalia yellow to black, often yellow ventrally, with dark apex. Males darker, general colour of body black. Females generally lighter, general colour of body yellow to brown.

Structure. Head, in profile, moderately to strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (45–90°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into conspicuously transverse tubercle on either side of mid-line, with raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with long setae. Pronotum with one lateral, relatively pronounced, tubercle on either side. Forewing oviform; vein C+Sc strongly, evenly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs weakly sinuous, almost straight apically; vein M about as long as either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins, sparsely spaced and forming transverse rows; very sparse at base of cell c+sc; radular spinules covering rounded areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 7–8 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger irregularly subtrapezoidal; densely covered with short setae mostly in apical and posterior part. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with densely spaced short setae, dorsal margin with a row of bristles. Paramere hammer-shaped, curved with median convexities apically; with long hook-shaped apico-anterior process on very short pedicel, apically sclerotised median tooth and apico-posterior lobe strongly bulged posteriorly; outer face covered with short setae mostly in posterior part, inner face densely covered with short setae mostly in anterior part. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, weakly expanding towards apex; with short blunt anterior process and two small apico-posterior tubercles; lateral lobes long, strongly dilated towards apex which is concave.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, subacute apically; dorsal margin, in profile, almost straight; densely covered with moderately long setae in apical half. Subgenital plate cuneate, with short apical process; densely covered with moderately long setae, dorsal margin with a row of bristles.

Host-plant. Adesmia sp. ( Fabaceae ).

Distribution. Chile (IV Region).

Derivation of name. From Ancient Greek µέλαινα = black referring to the black colour of the body and dedicated to Melaina , the Greek Goddess of Nightmares.

Comments. Russelliana melaina is rather distinctive from other Adesmia feeding species in an oviform forewing with a yellow membrane lacking a pattern and bearing a strongly curved vein C+Sc, an irregularly subtrapezoidal and posteriorly strongly bulged male proctiger, a posteriorly strongly bulged apico-posterior lobe of the paramere, and a short, blunt anterior process of the distal segment of the aedeagus. The species generally resembles Adesmia -feeders in a distal segment of the aedeagus bearing an anterior process, two small apicoposterior tubercles and long lateral lobes dilated towards apex, and in a cuneate female proctiger and cuneate subgenital plate bearing an apical process.

Russelliana mendozae sp. nov.

( Figs 9 K, 13J, 18H, 23H, 28B, 32F)

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Argentina: Province Mendoza , Mendoza Valley , Punta de Vacas , 2400 m, 30.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., subalpine/alpine scrub (D. Burckhardt) #28(2) ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Argentina: 6 ♂, 10 ♀, 1 immature, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #28(2) ( BMNH, MHNG, dry, on slide) ; 4 ♂, 6 ♀, same but 2100 m, 16.i.1997, Adesmia sp., steppe vegetation (D. Burckhardt) #8(3) (NHMB, dry); 24 ♂, 29 ♀, 9 immatures, same but km 12 Las Cuevas to Puente del Inca, 2 800 m, Adesmia sp., subalpine/alpine scrub with Adesmia shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #7(1) (NHMB, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol).

Description. Coloration. Head including genal processes yellow to brown, genae yellow to black, vertex sometimes with orange to brownish pattern; clypeus dark brown. Eyes yellow to black, ocelli red. Antenna brownish, gradually becoming darker, segments 8–10 entirely dark brown, some specimens with evenly brown antenna. Pronotum pale yellow to brown, sometimes dark orange to brown in the middle; mesopraescutum pale yellow to brown, often with two dark orange to brown patches along the fore margin and two orange transverse stripes posteriorly; mesoscutum yellow to orange with four broad and, in the middle, one narrow orange to brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum pale yellow along the margin, orange in the middle, sometimes entirely brown. Metanotum orange to brown. Forewing with yellow to brown veins and dirty yellowish membrane with indistinct to distinct brown pattern consisting of patch along vein Cu1b and scattered dots in apical third of the wing, often distinctly confluent along the veins along the margin; often with patches in cells c+sc and cu2. Legs yellow to brown, with darker femora and distal tarsal segments, meracanthus of metacoxa yellow to orange. Abdomen orange to dark brown; terminalia yellow to dark brown. Females often slightly lighter with ventrally lighter abdomen. Teneral specimens lighter, general colour of body yellow; antenna dirty yellow, gradually becoming darker; forewing with indistinct brownish pattern in apical half.

Structure. Head, in profile, moderately to strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (45–90°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse lobe on either side of mid-line, with raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with moderately long setae. Pronotum with one pronounced lateral and one relatively shallow sublateral tubercles on either side. Forewing oblong-oval, narrowly rounded apically; vein C+Sc hardly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs weakly sinuous, almost straight apically; vein M about as long as either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules absent; radular spinules covering triangular areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 6–7 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced moderately long setae. Paramere narrowly lamellar, weakly sinuous apically, posterior margin slightly convex in apical two thirds; with apico-anterior process on pedicel, and apically sclerotised median tooth; outer face sparsely covered with moderately long setae mostly in apical half, inner face densely, evenly covered with moderately long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, weakly expanding towards apex; with long anterior process and two small apico-posterior tubercles; lateral lobes moderately long, dilated towards apex which is concave.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, convex, with median indentation; densely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate cuneate, with long apical process; sparsely covered with moderately long setae in apical part and along ventral margin, dorsal margin with a bristle.

Host-plant. Adesmia sp. ( Fabaceae ).

Distribution. Argentina ( Mendoza ).

Derivation of name. Named after the Province of Mendoza ( Argentina) where the type series was collected.

Comments. Russelliana mendozae resembles R. monticola , setosa and vinculipennis in the presence of a brown pattern on the forewing membrane, in a narrowly lamellar paramere bearing an apico-anterior process on a pedicel, and a median tooth, in a distal segment of the aedeagus bearing an anterior process, two small apicoposterior tubercles and lateral lobes dilated towards apex, in a cuneate female proctiger and subgenital plate bearing an apical process. R. mendozae differs from R. monticola and setosa in the absence of a median hump of the paramere, and from R. setosa and vinculipennis in a forewing pattern restricted mostly to its apical part. It differs from R. setosa in less dense and shorter setae on the female terminalia, and from R. vinculipennis in the absence of surface spinules in the apical part of the forewing membrane, a longer anterior process of the distal segment of the aedeagus, and a longer apical process of the female subgenital plate.

Russelliana monticola sp. nov.

( Figs 9 L, 14A, 18I, 23I, 28C, 32G)

Russelliana sp. cf. maculata, Burckhardt (2008b): 198 .

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Chile: III Region, Province Copiapó , Quebrada de Paipote , 20 km W Laguna Santa Rosa, 27°05'S 69°12'W, 3900 m, 12.xii.1993, Adesmia hystrix , alpine scrub (D. Burckhardt) #28 ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Chile: 19 ♂, 12 ♀, 1 immature, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #28 ( BMNH, MHNG, NHMB, dry) ; 4 ♂, same but 27°05'S 69°20'W, 3500 m, Adesmia hystrix , gully with Adesmia shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #29 (MHNG, dry); 8 ♂, 6 ♀, IV Region, Province Elqui, Baños del Toro , ca 170 km E La Serena, 29°50'S 70°01'W, 3000 m, 3.xii.1993, Adesmia hystrix , dry scrub with some isolated shrubs of Adesmia and Ephedra (D. Burckhardt) #4 ( MHNG, dry) ; 25 ♂, 19 ♀, 1?, same but La Laguna, ca 120 km E La Serena , 2800–3000 m, 17.xii.1995, Adesmia sp., scattered shrubs (D. Burckhardt) #4(1) ( MHNG, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol).

Description. Coloration. Head including genal processes yellow to brown, genae brown to black, vertex sometimes with orange to brownish pattern; clypeus dark brown. Eyes yellow to black, ocelli red. Antenna brownish, gradually becoming darker from base to apex, segments 8–10 entirely dark brown, some specimens with evenly brown antenna. Pronotum pale yellow to brown, sometimes dark orange to brown in the middle; mesopraescutum pale yellow to brown, often with two dark orange to brown patches along the fore margin and two orange transverse stripes posteriorly; mesoscutum yellow to orange with four broad and, in the middle, one narrow orange to brown longitudinal stripes; mesoscutellum pale yellow along the margin, orange in the middle, sometimes entirely brown. Metanotum orange to brown. Forewing with yellow to brown veins and dirty yellowish membrane with indistinct to distinct brown pattern consisting of patch along vein Cu1b and scattered dots in apical three quarters of the wing; sometimes with pale patches in cells c+sc and cu2. Legs yellow to brown with darker femora and distal tarsal segments, meracanthus of metacoxa yellow to orange. Abdomen orange to dark brown; terminalia yellow to dark brown. Females often slightly lighter with ventrally lighter abdomen. Teneral specimens lighter, general colour of body yellow; antenna dirty yellow, gradually becoming darker; forewing with indistinct brownish pattern in apical half.

Structure. Head, in profile, moderately to strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (45–90°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse lobe on either side of mid-line, with raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with moderately long setae. Pronotum with one pronounced lateral and one relatively shallow sublateral tubercles on either side. Forewing oblong-oval, broadly, unevenly rounded apically; vein C+Sc weakly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs straight apically; vein M about as long as either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules absent; radular spinules covering triangular areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 6–8 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; sparsely covered with moderately long setae in apical half. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced moderately long setae. Paramere narrowly lamellar; with short apicoanterior process on pedicel, and median hump with apically sclerotised median tooth; apical part of posterior edge produced into small lobe; outer face sparsely covered with moderately long setae mostly in posterior part, inner face sparsely covered with moderately long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, weakly expanding towards apex; with moderately long anterior process and two small apico-posterior tubercles; lateral lobes moderately long, slightly dilated towards apex which is concave.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, pointed apically; dorsal margin, in profile, convex; densely covered with short setae in apical part. Subgenital plate cuneate, with moderately long apical process; densely covered with moderately long to long setae in ventral part.

Host-plant. Adesmia hystrix Phil. (Fabaceae) .

Distribution. Chile (III–IV Regions).

Derivation of name. From Latin monticolus = mountain-dwelling referring to montane habitats where the species was collected.

Comments. Russelliana monticola resembles R. mendozae , setosa and vinculipennis , see comments under R. mendozae . R. monticola differs from R. mendoza and vinculipennis in the presence of a median hump of the paramere, and from R. setosa and vinculipennis in a forewing pattern restricted mostly to its apical part. It differs from R. setosa in less dense and shorter setae on the female terminalia, and from R. vinculipennis in the absence of surface spinules in the apical part of the forewing membrane, a longer anterior process of the distal segment of the aedeagus, and a longer apical process of the female subgenital plate.

Russelliana nana sp. nov.

( Figs 9 M, 14B, 19A, 24A, 28D, 32H)

Material examined. Holotype ♂: Argentina: Province Mendoza , above Villa Vicencia , 50 km NW Mendoza, 1800 –2200 m, 18.i.1997, Asteraceae , low scrub (D. Burckhardt) #15(8) ( MHNG, dry).

Paratypes: Argentina: 11 ♂, 20 ♀, same as holotype (D. Burckhardt) #15(8) ( MHNG, dry, on slide, 70 % ethanol) ; 1 ♀, same but Mendoza Valley, 27 km Uspallata to Potrerillos , 1500 m, 19.i.1997, Asteraceae , open sclerophyll scrub (D. Burckhardt) #16(2) ( NHMB, dry).

Description. Coloration. General colour of body pale yellow. Head including genal processes whitish to pale yellow; clypeus yellow to brown. Eyes yellow to grey, ocelli yellow. Antenna yellow, segments 3–8 with pale brown apices, segments 9–10 entirely brown. Thorax whitish to pale yellow. Forewing with bright yellow veins and pale yellow membrane. Legs yellow, meracanthus of metacoxa yellow. Abdomen yellow to brownish, slightly ligther ventrally; terminalia yellow to brownish. Female terminalia darker in apical third.

Structure. Head, in profile, moderately to strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis (45–90°). Vertex subtrapezoidal with indented foveae, anteriorly produced into transverse lobe on either side of mid-line, with slightly raised hind margin around lateral ocelli, covered with short setae; genal processes conical, slender, subacute or slightly blunt apically, slightly shorter than vertex, covered with moderately long setae. Forewing oblong-oval, broadly, unevenly rounded apically; vein C+Sc weakly curved, pterostigma long, vein Rs almost straight apically; vein M shorter than either of veins M1+2 and M3+4; surface spinules faint, present in all cells, leaving no spinule-free stripes along the veins, densely and irregularly spaced; radular spinules covering triangular areas along the margin of cells r2, m1, m2 and cu1. Metatibia with 7 apical spurs.

Terminalia. Male. Proctiger tubular; densely covered with moderately long setae. Subgenital plate short, subglobular; with sparsely spaced long setae. Paramere oblong-oval, irregularly rounded apically, with constricted base; with recurved, claw-like apico-anterior process on very short pedicel, and strongly bulged apico-posterior lobe with apically sclerotised ridge; lobe situated exterior to process; both process and lobe of subequal length; outer face sparsely covered with long setae mostly in apical half, inner face densely, evenly covered with moderately long setae. Distal segment of aedeagus moderately elongate, weakly expanding towards apex; with short beak-like anterior process and one horn-shaped apico-posterior tubercle; lateral lobes short, with entire apical margin.—Female. Proctiger cuneate, subacute apically; dorsal margin, in profile, conspicuously bent in apical third; densely covered with short thick bristles in apical half. Subgenital plate cuneate, with very long apical process; sparsely covered with moderately long setae and with few short thick bristles in apical part.

Host-plant. Unknown.

Distribution. Argentina ( Mendoza ).

Derivation of name. From Latin nanus = dwarf referring to the small body size.

Comments. Russelliana nana resembles R. queirozae , in a pale yellow body colour, in an oblong-oval paramere bearing a recurved, claw-like apico-anterior process on a pedicel, situated interiorly to an apico-posterior lobe, in a distal segment of the aedeagus bearing short lateral lobes with an entire apical margin, in a cuneate female proctiger with its dorsal margin conspicuously bent in its apical third and bearing short thick bristles, and in a cuneate subgenital plate bearing a very long apical process. R. nana differs from R. queirozae in long genal processes, a shape of the forewing which is broadest in the apical third, a paramere with a constricted base bearing a process on a very short pedicel, a distal segment of the aedeagus bearing a short beak-like anterior process and a large, horn-shaped apico-posterior tubercle, and a female subgenital plate bearing short thick bristles in its apical third.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Russelliana melaina sp. nov., habitus of ♂ (drawing by A. Coray).

FIGURE 9. Russelliana spp., head, dorsal view. A, R. fabianae Burckhardt; B, R. globosa sp. nov.; C, R. intermedia Burckhardt; D, R. longicauda sp. nov.; E, R. longirostro sp. nov.; F, R. lycii (Tuthill); G, R. maculata Burckhardt; H, R. magellanica sp. nov.; I, R. marionae Burckhardt; J, R. melaina sp. nov.; K, R. mendozae sp. nov.; L, R. monticola sp. nov.; M, R. nana sp. nov.; N, R. nigra Burckhardt; O, R. nolanae sp. nov.