Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861)

Marusik, Yuri M., Kovblyuk, Mykola M. & Koponen, Seppo, 2011, A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae), ZooKeys 119, pp. 11-27 : 18-22

Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861) Figs 4-5 8-9, 11-13 14 –172425–2639– 42

Lycosa nemoralis Westring, 1861: 472 (♂♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Dahl 1908: 361, f. 57 (♂♀).

Tarentula flavitibia Saito, 1934: 355, pl. 13, f. 31, pl. 15, f. 84 (♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Holm 1947: 23, pl. 4, f. 36-37, pl. 10, f. 25 (♂♀).

Saitocosa flavitibia : Roewer 1960: 889.

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Zyuzin 1985: 48, f. 15-16, 20-22 (♂♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1985: 140, f. 61a (♂♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1995: 222, f. (♂♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Roberts 1998: 236, f. (♂♀).

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Almquist 2005: 252, f. 246a-i (♂♀).

For a complete list of references see Platnick (2011).

Misidentification.

Xerolycosa nemoralis : Yin et al. 1997: 10, f. 3a-d (♀), refer to a species with unclear generic affinities.

Material examined.

FINLAND (selected records from different parts of the range): 18♂♀ (ZMUT), Vuolijoki, Vuottolahti, Lapinniemi (64°13'N, 27°20'E), 16.07.1972 (P.T. Lehtinen); 1♂ (ZMUT), Hammarland Sålis (60°15'N, 19°44'E), dry forest, 26.06.-06.08.1971 (P.T. Lehtinen); 5♂ 4♀ (ZMUT), Turku Kärsämäki (60°30'N, 22°15'E), forest, 24.04.-04.08.1972 (I. Oksala); 12♂♀ (ZMUT), Harjavalta, Sport center (61°17'N, 22°10'E), pine forest, 09.07.-09.08.1992 (S. Koponen). RUSSIA: Adygeya:2 ♀ (TNU-2718/18), Caucasian State Reserve, env. kordon Guzeripl (44°00'N, 40°08'E, ~ 670 m), Abies & Fagus wood, 13-17.08.2009 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 2 ♀ (TNU-2719/3), Caucasian State Reserve, env. kordon Guzeripl (44°00'N, 40°08'E, ~ 670 m), Abies & Fagus wood, pitfalls, 16-23.08.2009 (M.M. Kovblyuk). Krasnoyarsk Prov.: 1♀ (IBPN), West Sayany Mts., Oiskiy Mt. Range, Buiba Riv., 52°47'N, 93°18'E, 1230 m, among stones, 20-21.06.1995 (Yu.M. Marusik). Sakhalin Island: 4♂ 4♀ 13 juv. (IBPN), SE part, Tsapko Vill. env., Zhdanko Mt. Range, 48°06.051'N, 142°31.557'E, h 220m, foothill of Vladimirovka Mt., stony debris along temporary creek, 1.08.2001 (Y.M.Marusik); 5♂ 2♀ (IBPN), SE part, env. of Starodubskoye Vil., Naiba River mouth part, 47°24.992'N, 142°45.384'E, 23.07.2001 (Y.M.Marusik); 4♂ 5♀ (IBPN), SW part, Krilyon Peninsula, W shore, ca 5 km S of Shebunino Vil., Kitosia River mouth, 36°22.536'N, 141°52.562'E, 14-15.08.2001 (Y.M.Marusik). Magadan Area: 1♂ (IBPN), ca. 30 km N of Magadan, Dukcha River Valley, gravely bank, June 1995 (Y.M.Marusik). Kamchatka Province: 1♂ (IBPN), Kamchatka Peninsula, 10-12 km N of Paratunka Vil., Yelizovo Forestry, 53.050°N, 158.225°E, 15-28.07.2004 (A.S. Ryabukhin). No precise data: numerous males and females have been collected on five Kuril Islands: Kunashir, Iturup, Urup, Chirpoi and Paramushir.

Diagnosis.

The species differs distinctly from Xerolycosa mongolica by the pattern of its carapace, having longitudinal bands and stripes, and by having the anterior median eyes situated more closely together (less than one diameter of AME, more than one diameter in Xerolycosa mongolica ). From Xerolycosa miniata , males can be distinguished by their longer seminal duct, rounded embolus, the sharply pointed process of the tegular apophysis and by the proportions of the epigyne (windows wider than high, whereas in Xerolycosa miniata they are higher than wide). Xerolycosa nemoralis females possess 2 retrolateral spines on femur I whereas the other species have only 2 prolateral spines.

Description.

Male.

Total length 6.0 (5.5-6.8). Carapace: 2.9 (2.75-2.9) long, 2.0 (1.9-2.0) wide. Carapace length/femur IV ratio 1.23 (1.12-1.23). Habitus and pattern as in Fig. 4.

Palp as in Figs 14-17, 24-26, tip of cymbium with poorly developed spines, upper part of tegular apophysis with bill-shaped extension, embolus relatively thick, free part (=embolus proper) bent, tip modified.

Female

Total length 6.7 (6.4-7.1). Carapace: 3.25 (2.8-3.35) long, 2.25 (2.0-2.4) wide. Carapace length/femur IV ratio 1.18 (1.14-1.18). Habitus and pattern as in Fig. 5.

Epigyne as in Figs 39-42, windows wider than high, septum with rounded sides.

Comments.

Judging from the figures, the record of Xerolycosa nemoralis by Yin et al. (1997: f. 3a-d) from China refers to another species and even a different genus.

Distribution.

Xerolycosa nemoralis has a trans-Palaearctic boreo-nemoral range ( Marusik et al. 2000) and occurs from the Iberian Peninsula to Kamchatka and the North Kuril Islands, north to the Polar Circle in Lapland and to central Yakutia, south to Azerbaijan and Honshu.