Trichoscelia umbrata Ardila-Camacho, 2018

Ardila-Camacho, Adrian, Calle-Tobón, Arley, Wolff, Marta & Stange, Lionel A., 2018, New species and new distributional records of Neotropical Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), Zootaxa 4413 (2), pp. 295-324 : 299-301

Trichoscelia umbrata Ardila-Camacho , n. sp.

Figs. 1 , 2

Type material. Holotype ♂, Colombia: Caquetá: Florencia, Macagual, 1°37’ N ‒ 5°36’ W, 300 m, 13.X.2014, C. García, light trap (1 ♂ ‒ UNAB).

Holotype condition. Good, pinned, wings extended, abdomen cleared and stored in a glass microvial below the specimen.

Diagnosis. Antenna with scape yellow at base and piceous at distal portion, pedicel and flagellum piceous, with 34 articles, slightly wider than long in frontal view. Forefemur yellow with brown suffusion on outer surface. Forewing with basal region of costal and subcostal spaces dark amber; membrane adjacent to apical and posterior margins with dark infuscations ranging from distal portion of CuP to wing apex. Hindwing with basal part of subcostal space dark amber; membrane adjacent to posterior and apical margins with dark infuscations. Male genitalia with ectoproct subtrapezoidal in lateral view, sternite 9 pentagonal in ventral view, posteromedially forming an acute angle. Gonocoxites 9 short and curved, equipped with four short spines, two apical and two preapical; gonarcus medially anterodorsally projected in lateral view.

Description. Based on a single pinned male.

Head. Labrum dark brown, clypeus yellow with a brown transverse stripe ( Fig.1 d ); maxillary and labial palpi amber covered with fine brown setae; frons with anterior half yellow ( Fig.1 d ), posterior part piceous; antenna with scape yellowish at basal half, piceous at distal half, pedicel piceous, flagellum piceous with 34 articles covered with short thick setae, basal 3/4 with flagellomeres wider than long in frontal view, the rest as long as wide ( Figs. 1b, c ). Vertex with a wide piceous stripe ( Fig. 1c ), area surrounding compound eyes with a mixture of yellow and piceous; compound eyes metallic silver; occiput yellow; postgena yellow.

Thorax. Pronotum yellow, with longitudinal brown stripe dorsally, anterior margin brown with a row of long dark brown bristles; medial region with two raised regions covered with long dark brown bristles ( Fig. 1c ). Mesonotum yellow, with small brown areas on the scutum bearing long dark brown setae, remainder surface with yellow setae ( Fig. 1c ); metanotum yellow with diffuse brown suffusions on the scutum. Pteropleura completely yellow, covered with yellow setae ( Fig. 1b ).

Legs. Foreleg with coxa and trochanter yellow, densely covered with yellow setae; femur yellow, except for light yellow area medially on outer surface, entire surface densely covered with yellow setae ( Fig. 1b ); tibia yellow at inner surface, smoky yellow at outer surface; tarsi yellow. Mid- and hindlegs entirely yellow, densely covered with yellow setae ( Fig. 1b ). First tarsomere nearly as long as the remainder tarsomeres together; tarsal claws light brown; arolium present.

Wings. Forewing 8 mm long, costal space narrow, with basal dark amber infuscation, 12 crossveins; subcostal space dark amber at base, two crossveins present, one basal and another at midlength; radial field with two crossveins; three veins leaving from rarp1 (first anterior radial cell), two from rarp2 (second anterior radial cell). Seven gradate crossveins present. Pterostigma six times as long as wide, piceous with a central yellow spot. Wing membrane hyaline, with alternate smoky and clear areas adjacent to posterior and apical margins, with seven dark areas in total; the first located between apex of CuP and first branch of CuA, remainder located between apical branches of longitudinal veins ( Fig. 1a ). Wing venation predominantly piceous, except proximal half of CuA, CuP, A1 and base of A2 that are yellow; all veins densely covered with setae of the same color as cuticule; posterior and apical margins alternating piceous and yellow. Jugal lobe and a2a31 (AP) cell dark brown at posterior margin ( Fig. 1a ). Hindwing 5.5 mm long, costal space reduced, narrow, with 4 crossveins; subcostal space dark amber basally; pterostigma elongated, curved, eight times as long as wide, piceous with a preapical yellow spot. Two or three longitudinal veins leaving from rarp1 (first anterior radial cell), rarp2 (second anterior radial cell) lacking longitudinal veins; five gradate crossveins. Wing membrane hyaline with alternate smoky and clear areas on posterior margin, four dark areas in total, the first located on first CuA branch, remainder dark areas between distal forks of longitudinal veins; apical margin smoky ( Fig. 1a ). Wing base yellow. Wing venation predominantly piceous, except C+Sc light brown and basal half of CuA, CuP and anal veins yellow ( Fig. 1a ); posterior wing margin alternating piceous and pale yellow, except basal 1/4 completely yellow; all veins densely covered with setae of the same color as cuticle.

Male genitalia. Ectoproct subtrapezoidal in lateral view, with numerous long bristles, with a concavity posteroventrally, followed by a mushroom-like anteroventral projection ( Fig. 2a ). Sternite 9 pentagonal in ventral view, posteromedially forming an acute angle ( Figs. 2e ), entire surface with long bristles, spoon shaped in lateral view, with posterior margin at the level of anterior margin of ectoproct ( Fig. 1a ). Gonocoxites 9 short, arched in lateral and ventral view, anterior apex slightly widened with two rounded processes, posterior apex equipped with 2 apical and two preapical short spines ( Figs. 2c, d, f ). Gonarcus with lateral arms arched in lateral view, medial portion anterodorsally projected, medial lobe posteroventrally directed, rounded in ventral view ( Fig. 2c ). Mediuncus short forming an angle of 45° with longitudinal axis of abdomen. Pseudopenis coiled, extended beyond the remainder sclerites, forming two loops, apex posteriorly projected outside the insect body ( Figs. 2a, c, f ).

Eymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin— umbratus—, meaning shaded, in reference to the smoky areas on the posterior and apical margins of the wing membrane of this species. Feminine adjective.

Distribution. Colombia (Caquetá).

Comments. Trichoscelia umbrata is similar to T. anae Penny, 1982 , because both species share the wing color pattern, with alternate smoky and clear areas on membrane adjacent to posterior and apical margins, and the subcostal space basally infuscated ( Figs. 1a ; 3c). Forewing length is a common feature as well. In addition, both species have four spines of the male gonocoxite 9, however, antennal morphology and coloration, as well as body color pattern and morphology of the male genitalia are remarkably different. Trichoscelia anae was described by Penny (1982) from a single male collected in Rondonia, Brazil ( Fig. 3c ). In his revision of the Brazilian Mantispidae, Penny & da Costa (1983) proposed a classification to distinguish species of Trichoscelia based on morphology of the antennal flagellomeres, in a similar way as Parker & Stange (1965) classified species of Plega . The T. fenella group includes species with antennal flagellomeres wider than long, while the varia group comprises species with antennal flagellomeres as long as wide. Along with T. varia, Penny classified T. anae within the T. varia group, and the rest of species were classified in the T. fenella group. Among distinctive traits of T. anae , the flagellomeres 8‒12 from the apex are pale yellow, character that separates these two species with the naked eye, since T. umbrata has antennae completely piceous. In addition, considering the morphology of the antennal flagellomeres, T. umbrata belongs to the T. fenella group. Body color pattern also differs. For instance, T. anae has pterothorax yellow with piceous spots in different parts of the sclerites, making a mottled pattern ( Fig. 3c ). In contrast, T. umbrata has the pterothorax nearly entirely yellow, with only a few brown suffusions on the thoracic nota. The forelegs are yellow with piceous spots on femur and tibia in T. anae , but in T. umbrata those are predominantly yellow. Mid- and hindlegs of T. anae are mottled as well ( Fig. 3c ), while in T. umbrata they are completely yellow. Male genitalia, are well distinguished between both species. The ectoproct of T. anae is rounded, while in T. umbrata is subtrapezoidal; sternite 9 is posteromedially rounded in T. anae , but in T. umbrata is pentagonal. The shape, size and arrangement of the apical spines of gonocoxites 9 are distinct between these species. A comprehensive comparison of morphological differences between T. anae and T. umbrata is presented in Table 1. Considering such background of morphological differences, and the distant geographical distribution, we prefer to treat these species as separate rather than considering them as a single species.

......continued on the next page In a recent work by Liu et al. (2015), the genitalia of T. anae was illustrated (Figures 11F, G) and the figures presented by the authors were more similar to the holotype of T. umbrata , possessing only few minor differences in the shape of the ectoproct and sternite 9.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Trichoscelia umbrata n. sp.: a, male genitalia, lateral view; b, same, ventral view; c, male genitalia, lateral view; d, apex of gonocoxite 9, lateral view (above), ventral view (below); e, sternite 9; f, male genitalia, ventral view.Abbreviations: g, gonarcus; gcx9, gonocoxite 9; hpm, hipomere; med, mediuncus; psp, pseudopenis. Scale bars:0.1 mm.

FIGURE1. Trichoscelia umbrata n. sp.: a, wingvenation; b, head and thorax, lateral view; c, head and thorax, dorsal view; d, head, frontal view.

FIGURE3. Habitus of Mantispidae spp.: a, Anchieta fasciatella (Westwood), male (photo by David Bowles); b, Paralectotype of Mantispa (Trichoscelia) iridella Westwood, female (photo by Amoret Spooner, OUM, Oxford); c, Holotype of Trichoscelia anae Penny, male (photo by Thiago Mahlmann, INPA, Manaus); d, Buyda immaculata n. sp.; e, Climaciella obtusa Hoffman, male (photo by Guillermo Guarin-Candamil, MEFLG, Medellín); f, Leptomantispa axillaris (Navás), male.