Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 291. 1854.

Lorence, David H. & Wagner, Warren L., 2019, Perrottetia wichmaniorum (Dipentodontaceae), a new species from Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, PhytoKeys 115, pp. 93-103 : 97-99

2. Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 291. 1854. Fig. 2 D–F

Type. Hawaiian Islands: O‘ahu.

On mts. behind Honolulu. 1840. U. S. Expl. Exped. s.n. (Lectotype: US-16429!; Isolectotype: GH [GH-00050026!]), designated by St. John, Rhodora 87: 570. 1985.

Note.

Gray also cited a Gaudichaud collection from the same locality, as well as "also Hawai‘i; along the margin of forests." The US sheet does not have a specific locality.

Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray var. tomentosa O. Deg. & Greenwell, Rev. S. Am. Bot. 10(1): 25 1951.

Type.

Hawaiian Islands: Maui. Mauka of Nawini , S slope of Haleakalā, in gulch in decadent forest, 24 November 1950, O. Degener, A. B. Greenwell, W. H. Hatheway, Miller, Silva 21119 (Holotype: NY [NY-00337484!]; Isotype: BISH-501715!).

Description.

Polygamodioecious shrub or small slender tree 2 –6(– 8) m tall; branches when fresh red to green, usually glabrous or glabrate, sometimes strigulose or villous-tomentose with light brown hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long. Leaves spirally arranged, shiny, dark green except veins and petioles usually pink, red, or reddish orange; blade chartaceous, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, rarely obovate or broadly elliptic (Maui), 7-19 cm long, 2.5-9.5 cm wide [length:width 1.8-2.7:1], adaxially relatively smooth, glabrous, abaxially somewhat paler and glabrate to moderately villosulous (Maui), especially along veins and on young leaves, the hairs yellowish brown, 0.4-0.8 mm long, the secondary veins 8-11 on each side, usually with hair tufts in secondary and tertiary vein axils, the tertiary and quaternary veins usually not prominulous below, apex long- to short-acuminate or sometimes rounded or obtuse (Maui), base cuneate to obtuse or rounded, margin serrate, the teeth 0.3-1 mm long, tips indurated; petiole 1.5-5 cm long, sparsely to moderately pale brown villosulous-hirsute or glabrate; stipules linear-oblong, 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or puberulent, deciduous. Inflorescences of both sexes axillary or occasionally infrafoliar, paniculate cymes, pyramidal, with two to three (rarely to four on Kaua‘i) degrees of branching, the peduncle (0.5-) 1-4 cm, the staminate 4 –7(– 12) cm long, 2-6 cm wide, the pistillate 3-5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; axes glabrate to densely brown villosulous, the hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long, bracts glabrous, triangular-subulate, those on primary branches 0.4-1.0 mm long, those on secondary branches 0.5-1.0 mm long, pedicels with 1-3 bracts 0.5-0.8 mm long; flowers on glabrous or puberulent, articulate pedicels 1-3.5 mm long. Staminate flowers with sepals and petals 5, calyx greenish orange, sometimes red-margined, sepals deltate, 0.5-0.7 mm long, margins entire, petals similar in color and shape to sepals but thinner, 0.6-0.8 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, margins ciliate; stamens with filaments 1.5-1.9 mm long, anthers transverse ellipsoid, 0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide; pistillode 0.5-0.7 mm. Pistillate flowers with sepals and petals 5, bracteolate, with calyx greenish orange to red, sepals deltate, 0.6-1.5 mm long, 0.5- 0.7 mm wide, petals similar in color and shape but thinner, deltate, 0.6-1.1 mm long, margins ciliate; pistil ovoid, 1.0-1.5 mm long, stigma lobes 2, papillose; staminodes 5, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Infructescence 5-10 cm long, 3.5-7 cm wide. Fruit a depressed-globose berry (2 –)4– 6 mm in diameter, reddish-green, ripening bright red, or white and red-tinged, glabrous. Seeds (2-)4, triangular-globose, 1.3-1.5 mm long, with thin aril, the testa rugose-reticulate, or sometimes only with transverse wavy lines.

Distribution.

Hawaiian Islands, endemic to Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Lana‘i, Maui, and Hawai‘i. In mesic and wet forests, c. 300-1250 (-1830 on Maui) m elevation. Flowering was observed from November through July and fruiting from November through August.

Common names.

Olomea, Pua‘a olomea, Waimea (Maui).

Discussion.

Some collections from East Maui have loosely villosulous stems and lower leaf surface with curling hairs, including the type of Perrottetia sandwicensis var. tomentosa , but these otherwise correspond to typical P. sandwicensis . Since the degree of pubescence intergrades with typical sparsely puberulent or glabrate forms, this variety was not recognized by Wagner et al. 1990, 1999. Pubescence in P. wichmaniorum is usually spreading hirtellous with straight hairs and is especially dense on the inflorescence axes and young stems and leaves.

Representative specimens examined.

Hawaiian Islands: Kaua‘i. Hanalei District, Kōke‘e State Park. Hwy 550 at mile 19, along north side of road, T. Flynn et al. 3255 (PTBG); Nā Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, upper Hanakoa Valley north of Pihea peak, T. Flynn & D. H. Lorence 3244 (PTBG, US); Koloa District, Kahili Ridge, W. L. Stern et al. 3114 (NY, US); Waimea District: Mohihi Valley, E. H. Bryan 1451 (BISH, US); Kaunuohua Ridge between Kilohana Lookout at Pu‘u o Kila and Pihea, W. L. Stern & S. Carlquist 1242 (US); Makaha, north facing slopes below and west of Kokio keokeo, K. R. Wood & M. Query 15806 (PTBG, US). O‘ahu. Kona District, Wa‘ahila Ridge, on Ko‘olau summit ridge past Mount Olympus summit, J. W. Adams & M. Bond 95 (PTBG); ridge E. Nu‘uanu Valley, C. N. Forbes 1434 (BISH, US); Ko‘olauloa District, Punalu‘u, Castle trail, B. C. Stone 1158 (US), Waikane-Schofield trail, Waikane side, T. G. Yuncker 3197 (US); 'Ewa District, Kipapa Gulch, S ridge, E. Y. Hosaka 711 (BISH, US); Wai‘anae District, Mt. Ka‘ala, near road, O. Degener & I. Degener 28015 (US), below summit ridge of head of Makua Valley, O. Degener & W. Hatheway 21166 (BISH, US); Pu‘u Kalena, W. R. Donaghho s.n. (US). Lana‘i. Munro Trail, ca. ½ mile from fog drip station, in bottom of feeder valley to Maunalei Gulch, T. Flynn & D. Palumbo 255 (PTBG); Pu‘u Kole, 14 Jan 1964, O. Degener & I. Degener 30159 (BISH, US), Ha‘aleiepa‘akai, Kaohai, H. St. John & A. J. Eames 18788 (BISH, US). Moloka‘i. upper end of Hanalilolilo pipe-line, O. Degener 8971 (BISH, US); west ridge of Honomuni, H. St. John 25194 (BISH, US). Maui. W. Maui; Wailuku District, Kahakuloa Drainage, K. R. Wood 3144 (AD, NY, PTBG); near last ditchman‘s house on way to Mt. Eke, O. Degener & H. Wiebke 2561 (US); Lahina District, Honokahau Drainage Basin, C. N. Forbes 496.M (US); ravine back of Lahaina, A. S. Hitchcock 14882 (US); E. Maui, Makawao District, Ahupua‘a of Kalialinui, upper Ko‘olau Gap, 1.5 mi east of Hosmer‘s Grove, P. K. Higashino 780 (BISH, US); Haleakala, Ko‘olau Gap, valley on west side, 2 mi N of Holua Cave, H. St. John & A. L. Mitchell 21281 (BISH, US), Hana District, Kaeanae Gap, crater of Haleakalā, C. N. Forbes 1071.M (US). Hawai‘i. N. Hilo District, Laupāhoehoe Natural Area Reserve, follow Kīlau Stream, K. R. Wood et al. 3184 (MO, NY, PTBG, WU); S. Hilo District, ‘Ōla‘a State Forest Preserve, 14 Aug 1975, S. P. Darwin 1218 (PTBG, US); N side of Stainback Hwy. 10 mi. above junction with Hwy. 11, 31 Jan 1968, D. Herbst 871 (BISH, US); Ka‘ū District, Route 148a, NE of Kilauea, 11 Jul 1961, O. Degener & I. Degener 28197 (BISH, US).

Figures

Figure 2. Perrottetia wichmaniorum (A-C) A Abaxial leaf surface B Adaxial leaf surface C inset of abaxial leaf surface. Drawn from isotype and field images of T. Flynn & D. H. Lorence 3246 (US), and W. L. Wagner et al. 6265 (US). Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray (D-F) D Abaxial leaf surface E Adaxial leaf surface F inset of abaxial leaf surface. Drawn from D. Herbst 871 (US). Field images from Forest and Kim Starr [http: // www. starrenvironmental. com / resources /] were used to augment illustration, especially colors: Ko'olau Gap, Maui [ 110713 - 7251 (25006081321 _ ac 9 bdd 7 fdb _ o), 110713 - 7252 (24731716429 _ d 7 c 44 c 451 a _ o), and 110713 - 7253 (25006085211 _ f 687 c 67 af 8 _ o)]; Road to Lower Kula Pipeline Haiku Uka, Maui [ 170520 - 0692 (34385766464 _ bb 0 d 9 bc 7 d 0 _ o), 170520 - 0693 (34385767704 _ f 28 a 1 b 34 d 7 _ o)].