Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn, 1873

Lord, Nathan P. & McHugh, Joseph V., 2013, A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Deretaphrus Newman, 1842 (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Bothrideridae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 12) 67, pp. 1-107 : 41-42

Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn, 1873

( Figs. 50 , 74 , 116–117 , 157 , 170 , 182 , 224–225 )

Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn, 1873: 146 . Horn 1878: 579–581; Burke 1919: 123–124; Craighead 1920: 6–9, 13, pl. 2; Essig 1926: 398–399, 450, 514; Böving and Craighead 1931: 40, 174, pl. 44; Balduf 1935: 166; Clausen 1940: 572; Heinze 1943: 119; Craighead 1950: 208; Hatch 1961: 241, 247, 460, pl. 51; Furniss and Carolin 1977: 285; Stephan 1989: 11–13; Lawrence 1991: 478; Philips and Ivie 2002: 358–361.

Diagnosis. This species can be readily distinguished from congeners by the distribution being restricted to the western United States, the rugose punctation of the pronotal disc, the shape of the submentum, and the unique aedeagus. It most closely resembles D. boliviensis but is easily distinguished by the deeper elytral punctures, the punctures on pronotal disc varying in size, the posterior portion of the median longitudinal canal not being variously narrowed and expanded, and the distribution.

Redescription. Length 6.4–12.9 mm. Width 1.8–3.6 mm. Body elongate, parallel, dark brown to black; dorsal surface glabrous, rugose, matte to slightly shiny; ventral surface moderately shiny, glabrous except for minute setae that arise from punctures. Head: In dorsal view, slightly narrowed anteriorly; without laterally expanded supra-ocular ridges; eyes visible from above; punctures small and dense except sparse along posterior margin. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, arcuate with a weak median impression. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight. Submentum shape as in Fig. 50 ; distinctly separated from subgenal braces, without paired setose pits; anterior margin slightly emarginated medially, anterolateral angles pointed; submentum moderately expanded anteroventrally over oral cavity; a portion of the mentum visible. Antennal groove well-developed, impunctate. Antenna sparsely setose; segments 6–8 with a single transverse row of moderately long setae, setae nearly as long as segment from which they arise. Antennal club segments with a single transverse row of setae, arising near apex of each segment. Antennal club slightly asymmetrical, leading edge of club segments much more inflated than trailing edge. Dorsal surface (external face) of mandible with median setose groove. Thorax ( Fig. 74 ): Pronotum elongate, widest near anterior ¼; dorsal surface evenly convex; anterior margin straight, slightly wider than head; anterior angles not developed; base narrower than elytral bases; posterior margin slightly sinuate; posterior angles with minute denticle, if any; lateral margin with incomplete carina, forming a distinct raised border in dorsal view; in lateral view, carina is slightly curved near base, extends anterodorsally and ends only slightly past midline. Pronotal disc with well- pronounced, deep punctures of varying sizes. Pronotal median longitudinal canal welldeveloped, interrupted to form a deep, anterior fovea and a posterior canal; raised interruption of the canal impunctate; anterior fovea oval, punctured heavily internally; posterior canal narrow, deeply impressed, internal lateral margins grooved, gradually narrowed to an open point at the base. Hypomeron strongly punctate with shallow punctures, larger than found on pronotal disc; lateral walls nearly vertical. Prosternum evenly convex. Tergosternal suture more or less straight. Elytra ( Figs. 116–117 ): Elytron convex; interstitial intervals 3, 5, 7, and 9 carinate; intervals 3 and 5 carinate for entire length, merging to a point near elytral apex; intervals 7 and 9 weaker at base, more pronounced near apex; intervals 3, 5, 7, and 9 with micropunctures at crest. Apical elytral margin with small, dense punctures. Basal elytral margin with intervals 3 and 5 each ending in a knob-like protuberance; protuberance of interval 5 merges with finger-like callosity on the elytral shoulder. Legs: Base of femur and trochanter without long, sparse setae; inner face of tibia with fringe of sparse setae. Tarsus densely setose with long setae that extend beyond the segment from which they arise. Abdomen: Ventrite V with a slightly raised, thickened margin. Aedeagus: Phallobase as in Fig. 157 . Tegmen reduced, membranous. Basal piece produced anteriorly, narrowed and pointed. Parameres very long and narrow, rounded at apices, distinctly separated and individually articulated to phallobase, internal lateral margins approaching straight; paramere densely setose with long, thick setae at apical and apicolateral margin; dorsal surface of paramere with elongate process; process narrowing apically, as long as 2/3 the length of the paramere; processes moderately separated, diverging medially. Penis as in Fig. 170 ; short, moderately thick, slightly curved; apex narrowed and pointed; base slightly expanded, bearing very short, transverse, paired anterior struts. Penis unicolored.

Variation. The size and coloration is variable within the species. The degree of carination of the elytral interstitial intervals ranges from strongly raised to carinate. The sculpturing of the pronotal disc is also slightly variable, the punctures are variously sized and the lateral margins of the posterior portion of the pronotal median longitudinal canal range from slightly narrowed to subparallel.

Distribution. Western United States: WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, MT; Canada: BC ( Fig. 182 ).

Biology. Deretaphrus oregonensis has been collected from under the bark of ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, red fir, white fir, western larch, and canyon oak. It has been associated with the following beetles, as a presumed ectoparasite: Curculionidae : Dendroctonus jeffreyi , Dendroctonus monticolae , Buprestidae : Buprestis laeviventris , Buprestis aurulenta , Trachykele opulenta , Trachykele nimbosa , and Cerambycidae : Asemum atrum .

Remarks. Horn (1873) did not mention the number of specimens he examined. In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype and seven paralectotypes are here designated from the syntype series of D. oregonensis in the Horn and LeConte collections (MCZ).

Type Locality. Oregon and California .

Type Material Examined. L E C T O T Y P E ( Figs. 224–225 ) ( MCZ, Horn Collection, pinned) label data: “Or. // LectoTYPE 3198 [red label, “3198” handwritten] // Horn Col 3281 [“3281” handwritten] // Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn [in Horn’ s hand]” [ MCZ 44 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE ( MCZ, Horn Collection, pinned) label data: “Or. // Para-Type 3198 [blue label, “3198” handwritten] // HornColl H 3281 [“H3281” handwritten]” [ MCZ 45 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTO- TYPE ( MCZ, Horn Collection, pinned) label data: “Or. // HornColl H 3281 [“3281” handwritten]” [ MCZ 46 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE ( MCZ, Horn Collection, pinned) label data: “ Or. // HornColl H 3281 [“3281”

handwritten]” [ MCZ 47 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE ( MCZ, LeConte Collection) label data: “Or. // Type 8042 [red label, “8042” handwritten] // Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn [in Horn’ s hand]// Aug.–Dec. 2004 MCZ Image Database” [ MCZ 40 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE ( MCZ, LeConte Collection) label data: “Cal // 42. [handwritten]” [ MCZ 41 NL]. PARALECTOTYPE ( MCZ, LeConte Collection) label data: “Or” [ MCZ 42 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTO- TYPE ( MCZ, LeConte Collection) label data: “Or” [ MCZ 43 NL, examined]. Sex not determined .

Additional Material Examined (500). CANADA: BRITISH COLUMBIA: Princeton ( INHS 2–3 NL, MCZ 7 NL); Creston ( CASC 52 NL, CASC 54 NL, CASC 56 NL, CASC 63 NL, CASC 87 NL, FSCA 10 NL); Salmon Arm ( CASC 55 NL); Vernon ( UCRC 3 NL); Victoria ( CASC 115 NL). USA: CALIFORNIA: Alameda County: Oakland ( CASC 57 NL); Alpine County: no locality ( CASC 1–2 NL, CASC 10–12 NL, CASC 15 NL, CASC 35 NL); Calaveras County: Big Meadow ( UCDC 5 NL, UCRC 5 NL); Black Springs Road ( SBMNH 1 NL); Camp Wolfeboro ( EMEC 40–42 NL); Wolfboro ( CASC 46 NL); El Dorado County: Blodgett Forest, 13 mi. E of Georgetown ( EMEC 66 NL); Fallen Leaf Lake, 3 mi. N ( EMEC 62 NL); Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado National Forest ( BYUC 3–5 NL); Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe ( CASC 13 NL, CASC 17 NL); Meyers ( USNM 6 NL, USNM 29 NL); Riverton ( USNM 18–22 NL, USNM 24–26 NL, USNM 30–31 NL); State line ( TAMU 1 NL); Tallac ( CASC 3 NL, CASC 5 NL, CASC 9 NL); Fresno County: Dalton Creek ( CUIC 3 NL); Florence Lake, 2 mi. N ( SBMNH 2–3 NL); Huckleberry Meadow ( CASC 66 NL, CASC 69 NL, CASC 84 NL, CASC 138 NL); Kings Canyon ( EMEC 23 NL); Kings River, South Fork ( CASC 20 NL, CASC 135 NL, CASC 137 NL); Onion Valley ( EMEC 31 NL, USNM 2 NL); Vade ( EMEC 24 NL); no locality ( CASC 68 NL, CASC 86 NL); Inyo County: Bishop ( CASC 36 NL); Kern County: Cannel Meadow ( CASC 74 NL); Frazier Park ( LACM 37–40 NL); Glennville ( UCDC 13 NL); Horse Meadow, Cannel Meadows District, Sequoia ( AMNH 17 NL); Mill Potrero ( LACM 20 NL, UCDC 26 NL, UCDC 32 NL); Mount Pinos ( CASC 14 NL); no locality ( EMEC 32 NL); Lassen County: Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest ( EMEC 58–59 NL); Butte Creek ( CASC 73 NL); Crater Mountain, Lassen National Forest ( CASC 77 NL); Grassy Lake, Lassen National Forest ( EMEC 25 NL); Goumaz ( USNM 43–45 NL); Harvey Mountain ( CDFA 3–4 NL); Harvey Valley ( CUIC 7 NL, USNM 33 NL); Hills Flat ( UCDC 15 NL); Norvell Flats ( CASC 93–95 NL, CASC 114 NL, CASC 122 NL); Pine Creek ( CASC 43 NL);no locality( CASC 60 NL, CASC 92 NL, CASC 96–113 NL, CASC 121 NL, USNM 46–47 NL); Los Angeles County: Angeles Crest Highway ( FSCA 20–21 NL, TAMU 6–7 NL); Angeles Crest Highway, Grassy Hollow ( FSCA 13–16 NL); Big Pines ( CASC 119 NL); Big Pines Recreation Area ( LACM 36 NL); Buckhorn Flats, San Gabriel Mountains ( FSCA 18 NL, LACM 43 NL, UCDC 17–18 NL); Crystal Lake ( EMEC 5 NL, UCDC 12 NL, UCRC 4 NL); Crystal Lake, San Gabriel Mountains ( LACM 45 NL); Cucamongacyn ( MAIC 3 NL); Kratka Ridge, San Gabriel Mountains ( LACM 21 NL, TAMU 3 NL, UCDC 19 NL, UCDC 31 NL); Madera County: Bass Lake ( FMNH 6 NL); Cascadal ( CASC 72 NL); Chiquito Creek ( CUIC 4–6 NL); Miami Ranger Station ( LACM 2 NL); Placer Station ( CASC 67 NL); no locality ( CASC 53 NL); Mariposa County: Big Tree Grove ( USNM 5 NL); Carl Inn, Yosemite National Park ( CASC 48–49 NL); Fish Camp ( EMEC 44 NL); Giant Forest ( USNM 3 NL); Hazel Green ( CASC 71 NL, CASC 78 NL); Summerdale ( USNM 11 NL, USNM 14 NL, USNM 32 NL, USNM 34–35 NL, USNM 40 NL); Yosemite Valley ( CASC 140 NL, USNM 4 NL); no locality ( USNM 9 NL); Mendocino County: Ham Pass, 4 air miles NE El R. Ranger Station ( EMEC 64 NL); Howard Lake, Mendocino National Forest ( EMEC 69 NL); Modoc County: Cedar Pass ( LACM 22–23 NL); Hackamore ( AMNH 18 NL, AMNH 20 NL, CASC 65 NL, CASC 90 NL, CASC 116 NL, EMEC 4 NL, EMEC 8–11 NL, EMEC 18–22 NL, EMEC 28 NL, EMEC 39 NL, EMEC 47 NL, EMEC 54–55 NL, LACM 1 NL, UCDC 14 NL); Lily Lake, Warner Mountains, 12 mi. NNW of Fort Bidwell ( CASC 120 NL); no locality ( AMNH 21 NL); Mono County: Mammoth ( CASC 80 NL, CASC 82 NL); June Lake ( FSCA 1 NL, FSCA 8 NL, LACM 24–35 NL); Nevada County: Truckee ( USNM 37–38 NL); Placer County: Kings Beach ( UCDC 24 NL); Placerville ( UCDC 35 NL); Tahoe City ( CASC 19 NL, UCDC 16 NL); Tahoe City, Angora Lake ( CASC 76 NL); Plumas County: Chester ( USNM 17 NL); Chester, 8 mi. NW ( EMEC 61 NL); Lassen National Forest ( CASC 75 NL); Portola ( CASC 16 NL, CASC 18 NL); Quincy, 4 mi. W ( FSCA 17 NL; UCDC 36 NL, USNM 58 NL); no locality ( FMNH 3 NL, USNM 50 NL, USNM 53–57 NL); Riverside County: Dark Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains ( LACM 9 NL); Idyllwild ( CASC 7 NL, SBMNH 4 NL, SDMC 1–2 NL); Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains ( EMEC 36 NL, EMEC 50 NL, UCDC 10–11 NL); Marion Mountain Camp, San Jacinto Mountains ( UCDC 21 NL); Santa Rosa Mountains ( CASC 131 NL); San Bernardino County: Arrowbear [Lake], 2 mi. NE ( EMEC 63 NL); Baldwin Lake ( KSUC 1 NL); Barton Flats ( CDFA 1–2 NL); West of Barton Flats ( SBMNH 8–9 NL); Barton Flats, 15 mi. N of Redlands ( FSCA 2–3 NL); Barton Flat, San Bernardino National Forest ( EMEC 56–57 NL); Big Bear ( EMEC 49 NL); Big Bear Lake ( FSCA 19 NL); Big Bear Lake, 18 mi. W ( AMNH 14 NL); Big Pine Flat Campground ( LACM 10 NL); Camp Cedar Falls ( SBMNH 5–6 NL); Deep Creek, near Running Springs ( LACM 47 NL); Fallsvale ( ANIC 4–10 NL, LACM 3–8 NL); Fawnskin Valley ( UCDC 25 NL); near Fawn Skin Valley ( LACM 11–12 NL, LACM 15–16 NL); Forsee Trailhead ( SBMNH 7 NL); Hanna Flats ( LACM 14 NL); Herkey Creek, San Jacinto Mountains ( EMEC 33 NL, EMEC 45 NL, EMEC 51 NL, TAMU 5 NL); Holcomb Creek ( LACM 19 NL); Mount Baldy ( FSCA 12 NL, LACM 41 NL); Round Cienga ( LACM 17–18 NL, UCDC 27–30); San Antonio Falls ( LACM 42 NL); San Bernardino Mountains, 20 mi. NE Redlands ( FSCA 4 NL); Snow Valley ( LACM 13 NL); no locality ( FSCA 22 NL); San Diego County: 4 mi. N of Julian, near Volcan Mountain ( EMEC 67 NL); Shasta County: Big Spring ( CASC 40–41 NL); Burney, 10 mi. W ( MAIC 6 NL, UCDC 33–34 NL); Burney Falls ( TAMU 2 NL); Castle Crag ( CASC 4 NL, CASC 139 NL); Hat Creek ( CASC 44 NL, CASC 58–59 NL, EMEC 13–17 NL, EMEC 29–30 NL, EMEC 38 NL, EMEC 43 NL, EMEC 46 NL); Hat Creek Ranger Station ( EMEC 27 NL); Hat Creek, San Jacinto Mountains ( EMEC 35 NL); Manzanita Lake, Lassen National Park ( EMEC 65 NL, WSUC 2 NL); Old Station ( CDFA 5 NL, EMEC 7 NL, EMEC 37 NL, EMEC 48 NL, LACM 44 NL, WSUC 3 NL); Pot Spring, 2 mi. SW ( EMEC 60 NL); Siskiyou County: Ash Creek Ranger Station, 9 mi. E of McCloud ( EMEC 65 NL); McCloud ( CASC 21–34 NL); Elk Creek ( CASC 136 NL); no locality ( CASC 117–118 NL); Trinity County: Carrville ( CASC 8 NL, CASC 64 NL); Tulare County: G. Grant National Park ( USNM 49 NL); Grey Meadow ( CASC 81 NL, CASC 83 NL); Kaweah ( CASC 64 NL); Needlerock Rd. ( SBMNH 10 NL); Scaffold Meadow ( CASC 79 NL); Wells Mill ( CASC 70 NL); no locality ( CDFA 9 NL, USNM 52 NL); Tuolumne County: Browns Meadow ( EMEC 26 NL, UCDC 22–23 NL); Dardanelle ( CASC 37 NL); Dardanelle, 3 mi. E ( EMEC 1–3 NL); Leland Meadow ( UCDC 6 NL); Mather ( TAMU 4 NL); Pinecrest ( CASC 89 NL); Strawberry, 10 mi. E ( UCDC 7–9 NL); Strawberry, 16 mi. E ( EMEC 52–53 NL); no locality ( CASC 132 NL, CASC 134 NL, FMNH 5 NL); Ventura County: Mount Pinos ( CASC 91 NL, MAIC 7 NL, UCDC 1–3 NL); Ozena Grade ( SBMNH 11 NL); Yuba County: 6 mi. W of Yuba Pass ( LACM 46 NL); no locality ( FMNH 4 NL); County Unknown: Bray ( EMEC 12 NL); Dark Valley ( CASC 45 NL); Lassen National Forest ( CUIC 2 NL); Norfolk ( CASC 61–62 NL); North Fork ( CUIC 8 NL); Sequoia National Park ( UCDC 4 NL, UCDC 20 NL); Whitakers Forest, Sequoia National Park ( EMEC 68 NL); Yosemite National Park ( CASC 50–51 NL, EMEC 6 NL); no locality ( ANIC 305 NL, CASC 142 NL, INHS 5–6 NL). IDAHO: Bannock County: Lava Hot Springs ( BYUC 2 NL); Idaho County: Stites ( USNM 36 NL); Kootenai County: Tubbs Hill, Burn, Cour d’ Alene ( FSCA 5–7 NL). MONTANA: Flathead County: Columbia Falls ( USNM 10 NL, USNM 16 NL); Hungry Horse Reservoir at Betty Creek ( MAIC 4–5 NL, MTEC 6–9 NL); Missoula County: Missoula ( BMNH 66–69 NL); Ravalli County: Bitterroot River ( MTEC 1–5 NL). NEVADA: Washoe County: Reno ( INHS 1 NL, INHS 4 NL, CASC 39 NL, CASC 42 NL). OREGON: Baker County: Dooley Mountain ( AMNH 15 NL); Sumpter ( USNM 42 NL); Crook County: Ochoco Ranger Station ( AMNH 6 NL, AMNH 11 NL, FSCA 11 NL); Grant County: Silvies Valley ( AMNH 8 NL, AMNH 13 NL); no locality ( CUIC 1 NL); Jackson County: Ashland ( CASC 47 NL, USNM 27–28 NL); Talent ( USNM 12–13 NL, USNM 15 NL); Klamath County: Bly, 5 mi. NE ( AMNH 3 NL); Bly Mountain ( AMNH 16 NL); LaPine, 13 mi. S ( USNM 51 NL); Klamath Falls ( AMNH 4 NL, AMNH 7 NL, AMNH 10 NL); Round Lake ( CDFA 7–8 NL); Upper Klamath Lake ( AMNH 1 NL); Upper Klamath Lake, Dennie Creek ( AMNH 9 NL); Upper Klamath Marsh, Military Crossing ( AMNH 2 NL); Lake County: Quartz Mountain ( AMNH 5 NL); Umatilla County: Hidaway ( USNM 7 NL); Union County: Lagrande ( BYUC 1 NL); Unknown County: Red Hill Look Out, Wallowa National Forest ( AMNH 12 NL); Whitman National Forest ( KSUC 2 NL); no locality ( AMNH 19 NL, MCZ 9–12 NL, \ USNM 1 NL); UTAH: Summit County: Kamas ( USNM 41 NL). WASHINGTON: Asotin County: Fields Spring State Park ( WSUC 1 NL); Fields Spring State Park, 4 mi. S of Anatone ( KSUC 3 NL); King County: Seattle ( USNM 8 NL); Walla Walla County: Kooskooskie ( CASC 88 NL, FSCA 9 NL); Whitman County: Palouse ( MCZ 6 NL, MCZ 8 NL, MCZ 13–14 NL, MCZ 16 NL); Yakima County: Satus Creek Canyon, Toppenish ( WSUC 4 NL). STATE UNKNOWN: Barkhouse, Klamath River ( CASC 85 NL); June Lake ( UCRC 1–2 NL); Lloyd Meadow ( CASC 6 NL). NO LOCAL- ITY ( BMNH 61–65 NL, CASC 38 NL, CDFA 6 NL, FMNH 2 NL, MCZ 1–5 NL, MCZ 15 NL, MCZ 17 NL, USNM 23 NL, USNM 39 NL, USNM 48 NL).

Figures

Figs. 48–53. Deretaphrus species, head capsule, ventral view, showing setae and shape of submentum. 48) D. ignarus;

Figs. 66–74. Deretaphrus species, pronotum. 66) D. gracilis; 67) D. hoplites; 68) D. ignarus; 69) D. incultus;

Figs. 112–117. Deretaphrus species, elytra, dorsal and lateral views. 112–113) D. lateropunctatus; 114–115) D. ocularis;

Figs. 149–157. Deretaphrus species, phallobase. 149) D. gracilis; 150) D. hoplites; 151) D. ignarus; 152) D. incultus;

Figs. 165–172. Deretaphrus species, penis (left: dorsal view; right: lateral view; phallobase, to scale with penis). 165) D. boliviensis; 166) D. bucculentus; 167) D. gracilis; 168) D. hoplites; 169) D. ignarus; 170) D. oregonensis; 171) D. parviceps; 172) D. puncticollis.

Figs. 181–182. Distribution of Deretaphrus species. 181) D. boliviensis; 182) D. oregonensis.

Figs. 219–227. Primary type specimens and specimen labels of Deretaphrus species. 219) D. iridescens, lectotype labels; 220–221) D. lateropunctatus, holotype, BMNH; 222–223) D. ocularis, holotype, SAMA; 224–225) D. oregonensis, lectotype, MCZ; 226–227) D. parviceps, lectotype, SAMA.