Deretaphrus ignarus Pascoe, 1862

Lord, Nathan P. & McHugh, Joseph V., 2013, A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Deretaphrus Newman, 1842 (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Bothrideridae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 12) 67, pp. 1-107 : 32-34

Deretaphrus ignarus Pascoe, 1862

( Figs. 48 , 68 , 104–105 , 151 , 169 , 175 , 210–211 )

Deretaphrus ignarus Pascoe, 1862: 462 . Masters 1871: 79; Blackburn 1903: 120–122, 128, 130; Carter and Zeck 1937: 199–201.

Deretaphrus ignarius: Lea 1898: 548 , 550. Misspelling, no status.

Deretaphrus pascoei Macleay, 1871: 165 . Masters 1871: 79; Lea 1898: 549–550; Blackburn 1903: 120; Carter and Zeck 1937: 200–201. Synonymized by Carter and Zeck 1937: 200.

Diagnosis. This species can be readily distinguished from congeners by the nearly glabrous antennae, the anterior margin of the submentum being evenly arcuate, elytral interstitial intervals 3, 5, and 7 being strongly carinate and raised near apex, and genitalic characters. Deretaphrus ignarus most closely resembles D. fossus , D. viduatus , and D. xanthorrhoeae . It can be distinguished from D. fossus by the nearly glabrous antennae, the rounded and downturned anterior angles of the pronotum, the non-sinuate lateral pronotal margins, the less-depressed area surrounding the pronotal median longitudinal canal, and the distinctly more carinate elytral intervals, with interval 6 raised for a much longer portion. It can be distinguished from D. viduatus by the nearly glabrous antennae and the more strongly raised elytral intervals, with some of both even and odd intervals carinate. It can be distinguished from D. xanthorrhoeae by the slight, rounded to sinuate laterally expanded supra-ocular ridges, the larger and deeper pronotal punctures, a narrower, parallel-sided and more deeply impressed pronotal median longitudinal canal, elytral intervals 3, 5, and 7 being much more distinctly carinate, a lack of sexual dimorphism of abdominal ventrite V in females, and a generally darker color (dark reddish brown to black, as opposed to lighter reddish orange in D. xanthorrhoeae ).

Redescription. Length 6–10.5 mm. Width 1.7–2.8 mm. Body elongate, parallel, dark orange to dark red; dorsal surface glabrous, matte to slightly shiny; ventral surface moderately shiny, glabrous except for minute setae that arise from punctures. Head: In dorsal view, slightly narrowed anteriorly; with slight, sinuate to rounded supraocular ridge, eyes partially concealed from above; punctures small and dense except sparse along posterior margin. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, arcuate anteromedially. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly arcuate. Submentum shape similar to Fig. 48 ; narrowly separated from subgenal braces, without paired setose pits; anterior margin evenly arcuate, slightly inflexed, with large punctures, strongly produced anteroventrally over oral cavity, mentum concealed. Antennal groove welldeveloped, impunctate. Antenna sparsely setose, appearing glabrous except under high magnification, segments 3–8 with a single transverse row of short setae; setae on antennal club segments extremely sparse. Antennal club slightly asymmetrical, leading edge of club segments much more inflated than trailing edge. Dorsal surface (external face) of mandible without median setose groove. Thorax ( Fig. 68 ): Pronotum elongate, tapering to base widest near anterior ¼; dorsal surface evenly convex; anterior margin straight; anterior angles rounded but prominent; base narrower than elytral bases; posterior margin weakly sinuate; posterior angles depressed, with small denticle; lateral margin with incomplete carina, forming a distinct raised border in dorsal view, terminating anteriorly before the true anterior margin of the pronotum. Pronotal disc with medium, dense, shallow punctures. Pronotal median longitudinal canal well-developed, interrupted; anterior portion of canal a narrow slit, surrounding area slightly depressed; posterior portion of canal narrow, deeply impressed, impunctate internally, abruptly expanding at base, posterior margin of canal appearing rounded, bordered on either side by a raised portion of the pronotal disk; posterolateral margin of the raised portion bears a distinct impression ( Fig. 68 ). Hypomeron densely punctate, punctures shallow and larger than found on pronotal disc; lateral walls nearly vertical. Prosternum flat medially, strongly deflexed at lateral margin. Prosternum depressed immediately anterior to procoxae. Tergosternal suture more or less straight. Elytra ( Figs. 104–105 ): Elytron evenly convex; interstitial intervals 3, 5, 7, and 9 raised and shiny for entire length; intervals 3, 5, and 7 becoming very prominent, carinate near the apex; intervals 4 and 6 weakly raised at mid-length, interval 6 more prominent than 4. In some, interval 4 minutely raised, if at all. Crest of raised intervals with punctures bearing minute setae. Basal elytral margin with intervals 3 and 5 each ending in a knob-like protuberance; protuberance of interval 5 merges with finger-like callosity on the elytral shoulder. Legs: Setation sparse; inner face of tibia with 2 prominent fringes of relatively short setae. Ventral apex of tibia with 2 pockets of dense setae that arise on either side of the large, curved tibial spur. Tarsus sparsely setose except for 2 pockets of dense setae on the ventral surface at the apex of tarsomeres 1–3. Abdomen: Ventrite V simple. Punctures on ventrite V smaller and denser than ventrites I–IV. Aedeagus: Phallobase as in Fig. 151 . Tegmen consisting of paired, subtriangular plates at middle; plates narrowly touching medially. Basal piece with short anterolateral struts; struts slightly curved anteriorly. Parameres moderately short, broadly rounded, distinctly separated and individually articulated to phallobase, internal lateral margins arcuate; paramere sparsely setose with short setae at apical margin; dorsal surface of paramere with short subtriangular process; process thickest at base, narrowing apically, slightly shorter than half the length of the paramere, apex slightly swollen; processes moderately separated, parallel medially. Penis as in Fig. 169 ; short, moderately thick, more or less straight; apex narrowed and pointed; base slightly expanded, bearing short, paired anterior struts. Penis bicolored, lighter for basal 1/4.

Variation. The size and color are variable within the species. In some, the anterior angles of the pronotum are slightly more pronounced and the posterior portion of the pronotal median longitudinal canal may be slightly wider and less tapered. The degree of carination of elytral interstitial intervals 4, 6, and 7 is variable, with those intervals slightly more pronounced in some specimens.

Distribution. Australia: Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria ( Fig. 175 ).

Biology. One specimen was taken under the bark of Eucalyptus sp. [ANIC 246NL]. Two specimens were taken at a mercury vapor light [ANIC 17NL, ANIC 21NL]. Nine specimens were found near the pupa of Paroplites australis ( Coleoptera : Cerambycidae ) [SAMA 73–81NL].

Remarks. Neither Pascoe (1862) nor Macleay (1871) mentioned the number of specimens examined of D. ignarus and D. pascoei , respectively. In order to stabilize these names, a lectotype is here designated from the syntype series of Deretaphrus ignarus Pascoe and a lectotype and two paralectotypes are here designated from the syntype series of Deretaphrus pascoei Macleay.

Type Locality. Deretaphrus ignarus: Sydney , New South Wales ; Deretaphrus pascoei: Gayndah , Queensland.

Type Material Examined. D e re t a p h r u s ignarus . LECTOTYPE ( Figs. 210–211 ) ( BMNH, card-mounted) label data: “Type [round label with orange border] // N.S.W. [in Pascoe’ s hand on green oval label] // Deretaphrus ignarus Type Pasc [in Pascoe’ s hand] // Pascoe Coll. 93–60” [ BMNH 104 NL, examined]. Sex not determined.

Deretaphrus pascoei . LECTOTYPE ( Figs. 212– 213 ) ( ANIC, pinned) label data: “Gayndah // Deretaphrus Pascoei, Macl. Gayndah [in Macleay’ s hand] // On permanent loan from MACLEAY MUSEUM University of Sydney // SYNTYPE [red label] //” [ANIC 2 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE: ( AMSA, cardmounted with one other paralectotype) label data: “[round orange label] // Deretaphrus Pascoei McL.W. Gayndah [in Macleay’ s hand, label folded] // HOLOTYPE [red label] // K27386 [handwritten] // Australian Museum K 231598” [AMSA 3 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. PARALECTOTYPE: ( AMSA, card-mounted with one other paralectotype) label data: same as above [ AMSA 4 NL, examined]. Sex not determined. Unfortunately, the two paralectotypes from the AMSA (card-mounted together) are not conspecific, nor are they D. pascoei . The specimen on the left is D. viduatus and the specimen on the right is D. puncticollis . The specimens bear a determination label in Macleay’ s hand that matches the type locality. Therefore, we assume these are part of Macleay’ s syntypic series.

Additional Material Examined (120). AUSTRALIA: AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TER- RITORY (A.C.T.): Canberra, 5 km. NE ( UGCA 1 NL). NEW SOUTH WALES: 1260 Rd. Bagawa State Forest ( ANIC 114 NL); Armidale ( ANIC 117–118 NL, ANIC 137 NL); Bangaroo ( ANIC 309 NL); Bogan River ( ANIC 177–183 NL); Cambridge Plateau, Richmond Range State Forest, WNW of Casino ( ANIC 21 NL); Forest Reefs ( SAMA 35–36 NL, SAMA 54 NL); Greta ( ANIC

294 NL); Hornsby ( AMSA 36 NL); Illawarra ( AMSA 34–35 NL, ANIC 40 NL, BMNH 17 NL); Katoomba ( ANIC 185 NL); Monaro ( AMSA 47 NL); Narrabri ( ANIC 290 NL); Nimbin Rocks, near Nimbin ( ANIC 113 NL); Pyrocarpa Reserve, Doubleduke State Forest, WSW of New Italy ( ANIC 17 NL); Ryde ( ANIC 108 NL); Sydney ( ANIC 33 NL, SAMA 53 NL, SAMA 209–210 NL, SAMA 228 NL); North Sydney ( BMNH 18 NL); Tamworth ( AMSA 66 NL); Taralga ( BMNH 15 NL); Wagga Wagga ( MAMU 20–21 NL); no locality ( MAMU 18 NL, MAMU 28 NL, SAMA 92 NL, USNM 62 NL). NORTHERN TERRITORY: Roper River ( SAMA 204–205 NL); no locality: SAMA 194 NL). QUEENSLAND: Brisbane ( UQIC 22 NL); Foleyvale Aboriginal Reserve ( HNHM 8 NL); Gayndah ( SAMA 55 NL, UQIC 19 NL); Millmerran ( AMSA 43 NL); Stanthorpe ( QMBA 20 NL, QMBA 26–30 NL); Stanwell ( UQIC 46 NL); Tambourine Mountain ( ANIC 158 NL); Warwick ( ANIC 291 NL); no locality ( ANIC 3 NL). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Lucindale ( ANIC 37 NL, SAMA 46 NL, SAMA 64 NL, SAMA 73–81 NL); no locality ( ANIC 34 NL, MAMU 38 NL, SAMA 93 NL). VICTORIA: Birchip ( MVMA 46–47 NL, SAMA 89–90 NL); Broadford ( BPBM 21 NL); Fern Tree Gully ( UQIC 36 NL); Healesville, Coranderrk Reserve ( ANIC 246 NL); Melbourne ( BMNH 14 NL, OUMNH 1 NL); Moe ( ANIC 99 NL); Mount Rosea, the Grampians ( SAMA 212 NL); no locality ( ANIC 85 NL, BMNH 12 – 13 NL, MAMU 22 NL, MAMU 37 NL, MNHUB 14–17 NL, MNHUB 57 NL). STATE UNKNOWN: Victorian Alps ( SAMA 56–61 NL, SAMA 65–66 NL); no locality ( BMNH 4 NL, BMNH 11 NL, FMNH 24 NL, MCZ 25–28 NL, MCZ 33 NL, MNHUB 13 NL, MNHUB 18 NL, MVMA 48 NL, MVMA 50–51 NL, OUMNH 19 NL, SAMA 233 NL).

Figures

Figs. 48–53. Deretaphrus species, head capsule, ventral view, showing setae and shape of submentum. 48) D. ignarus;

Figs. 66–74. Deretaphrus species, pronotum. 66) D. gracilis; 67) D. hoplites; 68) D. ignarus; 69) D. incultus;

Figs. 100–105. Deretaphrus species, elytra, dorsal and lateral views. 100–101) D. gracilis; 102–103) D. hoplites;

Figs. 149–157. Deretaphrus species, phallobase. 149) D. gracilis; 150) D. hoplites; 151) D. ignarus; 152) D. incultus;

Figs. 165–172. Deretaphrus species, penis (left: dorsal view; right: lateral view; phallobase, to scale with penis). 165) D. boliviensis; 166) D. bucculentus; 167) D. gracilis; 168) D. hoplites; 169) D. ignarus; 170) D. oregonensis; 171) D. parviceps; 172) D. puncticollis.

Figs. 175–176. Distribution of Deretaphrus species. 175) D. fossus and D. ignarus; 176) D. piceus and D. viduatus.

Figs. 210–218. Primary type specimens and specimen labels of Deretaphrus species. 210–211) D. ignarus, lectotype, BMNH; 212–213) D. pascoei, lectotype, ANIC; 214–215) D. incultus, lectotype, AMSA; 216–217) D. interruptus, lectotype, MNHUB; 218) D. iridescens, lectotype, BMNH.