Heterometrus cyaneus (C. L. Koch, 1836)

Kovařík, František, 2004, A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae), Euscorpius 15 (15), pp. 1-60 : 11-13

Heterometrus cyaneus (C. L. Koch, 1836)

( Fig. 12 )

Buthus cyaneus C. L. Koch, 1836: 75 , fig. 225; C. L. Koch, 1850: 88,

Scorpio indicus : Pocock, 1893: 311 (in part); Pocock, 1894: 95; (in part) Kraepelin, 1895: 53;? Kraepelin, 1898: 439.

Pandinus indicus : Thorell, 1876b: 208; Karsch, 1887: 68; Thorell, 1888: 412 (in part); Thorell, 1893: 380 (in part); Pavesi, 1898: 1.

? Scorpio afer (in part) Linné, 1758: 624; Latreille, 1803: 267; (syn. by Thorell, 1893: 380).

Buthus (Heterometrus) afer : Sundevall, 1833: 32.

Scorpio (Buthus) afer : Gervais, 1844b: 60 (in part).

Scorpio afer : Lönnberg, 1897: 178 (in part); Lönnberg, 1898: 85 (in part).

Heterometrus cyaneus : Simon, 1872: 98; Kraepelin, 1899: 115; Werner, 1902: 602; Domaniewski, 1913: 251; Borelli, 1915: 463; Lampe, 1918: 198; Kopstein, 1921: 133; Kopstein, 1923: 185; Kopstein, 1926: 111; Kopstein, 1927: 102; Giltay, 1931: 6; Kästner, 1931: 738; Werner, 1932: 576; Werner, 1934: 278; Giltay, 1935: 1; Fage, 1936: 181; Werner, 1936: 186; Fage, 1944: 71; Takashima, 1945: 93; Roewer, 1943: 226; Bücherl, 1959: 269; Rosin & Shulov, 1963: 568; Sreenivasa-Reddy, 1968: 760.

Heterometrus (Scorpio) cyaneus : Kraepelin, 1901: 271.

Palamnaeus cyaneus : Kraepelin, 1898: 439.

Heterometrus (Heterometrus) cyaneus : Couzijn, 1978: 330.

Heterometrus (Javanimetrus) cyaneus : Vachon & Abe, 1988: 27; Kovařík, 1992: 185; Kovařík, 1997: 183; Kovařík, 1998: 137; Fet, 2000: 444; Kovařík, 2002: 17.

Heterometrus (Javanimetrus) cyaneus cyaneus Couzijn, 1981: 126 ;? Le Xuan Hue et al., 1998: 8; Fet, 2000: 446.

Heterometrus (Javanimetrus) cyaneus sumatrensis Couzijn, 1981: 130 ; Kovařík, 1998: 137; Fet, 2000: 446. Heterometrus (Javanimetrus) cyaneus insulanus Couzijn, 1981: 131 ; Kovařík, 1998: 137; Fet, 2000: 446. = Buthus defensor C. L. Koch, 1837: 3 , fig. 254 (TL: Mexico); C. L. Koch, 1850: 87 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899: 115; Couzijn, 1981: 126).

Pandinus defensor : Karsch, 1887: 68.

= Buthus heros C. L. Koch, 1837: 1 , fig. 253 (TL: Africa); C. L. Koch, 1850: 87 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899: 115; Couzijn, 1981: 126).

Pandinus (Buthus) heros : Karsch, 1879: 128.

= Buthus reticulatus C. L. Koch, 1837: 25 , fig. 265 (TL: Java); C. L. Koch, 1850: 88 (syn. by Simon, 1872: 98).

=? Buthus setosus C. L. Koch, 1841 : Fig. 657; C. L. Koch, 1841: 87 (TL: unknown); Gervais, 1844b: 458; C. L. Koch, 1850: 88 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1899: 115).

Pandinus setosus : Karsch, 1887: 67.

= Heterometrus (Heterometrus) petersii luzonensis Couzijn, 1981: 99 ; Kovařík, 1998: 137; Fet, 2000: 437 (syn. by Kovařík, 2002: 3, 17).

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Java – holotype lost, neotype from Indonesia, Java, Banjuwangi , Kali Baru designated by Couzijn (1981: 129); RMNH .

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Philippines, Luzon , Mt. Maquiling, 1♂ 1♀ (holotype and paratype of Heterometrus petersi luzonensis Couzijn, 1981 ), SMFD No. 8882/224 .

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Indonesia, Java, 1♂ 1im., MZUF ; Java, Matang , 1♀, SMFD No. 6705/112 ; Java, Idien-geb , 2♂ 2♀, SMFD No. 6743/150 ; Java, 1♂ 1♀, col. V. Frič, NMPC , Java, Vulcan , 2♀, leg. Gurda, NMPC ; Sumatra, Fort de Kock , 1♀, SMFD No. 8814/183 ; Sumatra, Deli , 2♀ 3ims., leg. Heyden, SMFD No. 5316; Java, Buitenzorg , 3♀, SMFD No. 8884/226 ; Java, 1906, 1♀, leg. Urbánková, NMPC ; W. Java, Djasinga , 1929, 1♂ 2♀, leg. Wolf, SMFD No. 5362; Java, 1933, 1juv., leg. F. Ohaus, SMFD ; Java, 4.X.1961, 4ims., SMFD ; Java, 1♀ F, 1870, leg. J. Xantus, HNHM Nos. 2005 and 2035 ; Java, 1♀, 1855?, leg. Doleschal, HNHM No. 2033; Nias , 1896, 2♂ 1♀, leg. S. Raap and Knuth, ZMHB No. 5705/37 ; Java, Buitenzorg , 1.I.– 1.VII.1902, 4♂ 5♀ 2juvs., ZMHB ; Java, 1♂, 1931, leg. Matysovszky, HNHM No. 2321; Sumatra, 1♀, CASC ; Pt Karya Tangan Indah, Br. Baturning, Desa Mambal , abian semal, 2♀, from Cynthia Hardy, CASC ; Bogor, purchase from Royal Botanical Garden , VI.1980, 1im., leg. Victoria Selmier, CASC ; Java, 14♂ 10♀ 1im., 1993, FKCP ; Java, Bogor , 2♀, VIII.1994, leg. I. Gyerjdy, HNHM ; Java, 1♂ 8♀ 3juvs., HNHM Nos. 2000, 2004, 2011, 2013, 2020, and 2030 ; Sumatra, 1♂ 1im., leg. Dr. Machik, HNHM No. 648/1883 ; Java, Bogor, The Botanical Garden , ca 300 m, 26.VIII.1995, 3♀ 5ims.4juvs., leg. P. Beron et T. Ivanova, SOFM . Japan, Nagasaki, 1♀ 1juv., 1870, leg. J. Xantus (error or introduced), HNHM . Singapore, 1♂ 2♀ 2juvs., HNHM Nos. 2001, 2009, 2018, 2019.?, Usambara (loc. in error), 1♀, SMFD No. 6707/114 .

DIAGNOSIS. Adults 95–117 mm long. Base color of adults uniformly black to greenish black, only telson may be reddish brown. Pectinal teeth number 12–16 in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in proportions of pedipalps not noticeable. Chela lobiform, its length to width ratio in adults between 2.0 and 2.3 in both sexes. Dorsal surface of manus tuberculate. Carinae weakly indicated. Patella of pedipalp without pronounced internal tubercle. Carapace with disc smooth, at sides may be granulate. Telson hirsute, bulbous, vesicle longer than aculeus.

COMMENTS. Couzijn (1981: 130 and 131) described two subspecies, H. c. sumatrensis and H. c. insulanus, which I have not studied and thus cannot discuss their status.

DISTRIBUTION. Indonesia (C. L. Koch, 1836: 78), Borneo (Sabah) (Kopstein, 1921: 133), Lesser Nicobar

Islands (Couzijn, 1981: 130), Philippines (Couzijn, 1981: 99). A record from Vietnam (Le Xuan Hue et al., 1998: 8) most likely concerns H. petersii , which was confused with H. cyaneus also by Couzijn (1981: 99 see Kovařík, 2002: 3, 17). The above list of other older names and citations (see also Fet, 2000: 445) explains many erroneous records from Africa and Asia.

Figures

Figure 12: Heterometrus cyaneus, dorsal view, female holotype of Heterometrus petersii luzonensis.