Calliandra cynometroides

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Figs 204 , 205 , 210

Type.

Sanjappa Calliandra cynometroides (Bedd.) E.R. Souza & M.V. Krishnaraj [≡ Calliandra cynometroides Bedd.]

Description.

Small trees to 6 m, the trunk to 35 cm diameter, armed with spinescent stipules. Stipules spinescent, paired, unequal, straight, lignescent, caducous. Leaves pinnate; extrafloral nectaries circular, slightly raised, at the tip of petiole near the junction of the leaflets; leaflets 1 pair per leaf, opposite, relatively large (ca. 5-12 cm long). Inflorescences capitate, pedunculate, 7-15-flowered, solitary, arising from leaf axils, homomorphic. Flowers hermaphroditic; calyx cup-shaped, dentate, 3-lobed; corolla tubular-campanulate, the 3 lobes usually revolute at anthesis; stamens long-exserted from the corolla, to 2.4 cm long, with their bases fused forming a conspicuous tube, the staminal tube always included in the corolla, white, anthers eglandular; pollen in 16-grained polyads, acalymmate, discoid, heteromorphic; ovary sessile, 5-7-ovulate, style filiform, with the stigma discoid. Fruits oblanceolate, flattened, straight or slightly undulate marginally, with thickened margins, rigidly coriaceous, dehiscing elastically along both margins, recurving from apex downwards. Seeds rhomboid, with a rhomboid pleurogram.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Monospecific5 (but see notes), S. cynometroides , endemic to the State of Kerala, south-west India (Fig. 210 ).

Ecology.

Sanjappa Calliandra cynometroides has been found growing in evergreen and sub-evergreen forest areas, near streams, at 300-1100 m elevation. Individuals are reported to occur at very low densities in natural populations ( Souza et al. 2016).

Etymology.

Named after Dr. Munivenkatappa Sanjappa, Senior Scientist at the Botanical Garden, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

Human uses.

Unknown.

Notes.

Sanjappa was described to accommodate one Old World species of Calliandra sensu Bentham (1875) that did not fit in any of the segregates described or resurrected over the last few decades ( Faidherbia , Thailentadopsis and Viguieranthus ).

Sanjappa is nested with high support in a clade with Faidherbia and Thailentadopsis , characterised by the conspicuous spinescent stipules ( Souza et al. 2016; Ringelberg et al. 2022), although similar structures are also found in one species of Zapoteca ( Z. aculeata ). Following reduction of Bentham’s (1875) broad trans-continental circumscription of Calliandra to just the New World species by Barneby (1998), only two Old World species remain to be resolved (see Calliandra clade, page 358), including a new Asian Calliandra species [Poilane 9150; Ringelberg et al. (2022) in Suppl. Mat.], which is resolved as sister to Sanjappa and needs to be evaluated to determine its proper generic placement6.

Taxonomic references.

Souza et al. (2016).

Figures

Figure 204. Morphological features of the Zapoteca clade A, B Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. A habit B leaves C, D Sanjappa Calliandra cynometroides (Bedd.) E. R. Souza & M. V. Krishnaraj C habit D pinnate leaves and inflorescence in bud E Zapoteca aculeata (Spruce ex Benth.) H. M. Hern. foliage and inflorescences at anthesis (Neill 18437) F Zapoteca formosa subsp. schottii (Torr. ex S. Watson) H. M. Hern. habit and dehisced fruits G Viguieranthus glaber Villiers leaves and inflorescences post-anthesis. Photo credits A Gobabeb - Namib Research Institute B Dave U C, D G Suresh E D Neill F D Beckman G C Davidson.

Figure 205. Inflorescence and fruit morphology in the Zapoteca clade A, B Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. A inflorescences at anthesis B indehiscent fruit C, D Sanjappa Calliandra cynometroides (Bedd.) E. R. Souza & M. V. Krishnaraj C inflorescence post-anthesis D pinnate leaves and immature fruit E Thailentadopsis tenuis (Craib) Kosterm. inflorescence F Viguieranthus perrieri (R. Vig.) Villiers inflorescence at anthesis G Viguieranthus alternans (Benth.) Villiers foliage and fruits before dehiscence H Viguieranthus brevipennatus Villiers inflorescence at anthesis (Randrianarivony 175) I Zapoteca tetragona (Willd.) H. M. Hern. inflorescence at anthesis J Zapoteca portoricencis (Jacq.) H. M. Hern. subsp. portoricensis inflorescence at anthesis (Amith 74438) K Zapoteca formosa subsp. schottii (Torr. ex S. Watson) H. M. Hern. dehisced fruit. Photo credits A S Piry B B Adkins C, D G Suresh E https: // marketingoemoffice. com / Data _ Pithecellobium. html F F Ratovoson G F Rakotoarivony H T Randrianarivony I FJ Gomez Marin J J Amith K D Beckman.

Figure 210. Distribution of Sanjappa based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.